さて歴史的には伊予・河野氏は939年の藤原純友の乱の鎮圧にに当たって勢力を拡大した。そして現在の愛媛県松山市善応寺甲428の善応寺周辺を本拠として地歩を固めた。やがてやや南下して現在の松山市の湯築城公園の場所に本拠を定める。地政学的にそこが瀬戸内海海上交通の「要地」となる経済動向を反映したのだと推認出来る。
　そして河野氏が大きく飛躍するのは1180年〜1186年の源平合戦期。源頼朝が兵を挙げた1180年、この伊予の地で平家の中心勢力で国司の代官として権力を掌握していた平維盛を、越智郡にあった国衙（国司の役所）に攻めて、これを討ち果たすという軍事行動を起こした。地方の武士層に基盤を持っていたにも関わらず、遊離して中央の貴族と変わらない政治行動に終始していた平家は、武家層からの反発を受けていたのだと思える。
　そういった地方武家の立場として平家に対して反逆を選択した。しかしこの頃の政治・軍事情勢は混沌としていて、平家に与力する勢力との伊予国内での内乱闘争は激化していたと言われる。
　それまでの貴族による政治体制を承継し、その延長としての政権保持を図っていた平家の政治姿勢に対して、地方の武士層が根強い反感を募らせ、やがて鎌倉幕府という軍事専制体制を支持する流れが優勢になっていった。各地方で農業生産が活発化し経済的に地方の隆盛が見られた、そういう経済的な要因が最も大きかったに違いないでしょう。
　そして源平合戦が瀬戸内海地域に主戦場が転換し、讃岐の「屋島合戦」で源氏方主力・義経軍と河野氏は合流を果たし得意の「海上戦力パワー」を発揮することになる。クライマックスが源平の最終決戦になった壇ノ浦合戦。瀬戸内の海軍戦力・河野氏の潜在力が全面的に発揮されて平家軍は滅亡する。よく言われる「潮目の判断」における海上勢力の伝統的な知見が源氏方を勝利に導いた。
　鎌倉の由比ヶ浜で開かれた戦勝を祝う宴席で、鎌倉幕府は河野氏に対して上座から三番目の席を用意したとされる。いわば論功行賞。宴席では当然、宗和膳に料理が据えられているけれど、その上に席順を表す紙が置かれていて、そこに「三」という墨書が示されていた。河野氏の当主は光栄な扱いと感銘を受けた。その紙を懐中に納めて持ち帰りその「折敷三の字」を河野氏の家紋としたとされている。
　実はわが家にも伝承品としてこの「折敷三の字」が印された江戸期からの宗和膳が残っています。河野氏の流れとしての「三木家」という一種のランドマークと聞かされていた。

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The Iyo Kono clan’s success in the battle of Dannoura in the Genpei War: Exploration of the Iyo Kono clan-3
During the Genpei War, the battlefield was shifted to the sea, and the Kono clan’s naval power in the Seto Inland Sea, which knew the “tide line” very well, decided the outcome of the battle. The family crest of Oriziki three characters as a merit award.

　Historically, the Iyo-Kono clan expanded its power after the suppression of the Fujiwara no Juntomo Rebellion in 939. The Kono clan consolidated its power in the area around Zen’oji Temple, 428 Zen’oji Kou, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, as its base. Eventually, they moved slightly south and established their headquarters at the present site of Yuzuki Castle Park in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. It can be inferred that this location reflected the geopolitical and economic trends that made it a “strategic point” for maritime traffic in the Seto Inland Sea.
　The Kono clan made a great leap forward during the Genpei wars between 1180 and 1186. In 1180, when Minamoto no Yoritomo raised an army against Taira no Koremori, the central power of the Heike clan, who had seized power as a deputy provincial governor in Iyo, the Kono clan took military action to attack and defeat him at his office in Ochi-gun, a provincial governor’s office. It seems that the Heike, despite having a base in the local warrior class, were opposed by the warrior class because of their detachment and political behavior that was no different from that of the central aristocracy.
　As the position of such local warrior class, they chose to rebel against the Heike. However, the political and military situation at this time was chaotic, and it is said that the civil war within Iyo against the forces that were in favor of the Heike was intensifying.
　The local samurai class developed a deep-seated antipathy toward the political stance of the Heike, who had succeeded the aristocratic political system and were attempting to maintain power as an extension of that system. The most important factor must have been economic, as agricultural production became more active in each region and the provinces prospered economically.
　The main battleground of the Genpei wars shifted to the Seto Inland Sea region, and the main forces of the Minamoto clan, the Yoshitsune forces and the Kono clan, joined forces at the Battle of Yashima in Sanuki, demonstrating their “sea power”. The climax of the battle was the final battle between the Genji and Heike clans at Dannoura. The Heike forces were destroyed by the full display of the potential of the Kono clan, the naval power of the Seto Inland Sea. The traditional knowledge of maritime power in “judging the tide,” as it is often called, led the Minamoto clan to victory.
　At a banquet held on the beach of Yuhigahama in Kamakura to celebrate the victory, the Kamakura Shogunate is said to have offered the Kono clan the third seat from the top. It is said that the Kamakura Shogunate offered the Kono clan the third seat from the top. At the banquet, the food was naturally served on the sohwa-zen, but on top of the sohwa-zen was a piece of paper indicating the order of seating, with the number “san” written in ink. The head of the Kono clan was honored and impressed by the treatment. The head of the Kono clan was so honored and impressed that he carried the paper back home in his pocket and used the “Orikiki San” as the family crest of the Kono clan.
　In fact, my family still has a Souwa zen from the Edo period with this “three Oriziki characters” stamped on it as a traditional item. I was told that it was a kind of landmark of the “Miki family” as a flow of the Kono clan.

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Posted on 6月 8th, 2025 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 歴史探訪