昨日に引き続き、擦文期（約1000年前当時の北海道島での時代区分）の竪穴住居。きのうは主に竪穴住居の土壌面の掘り下げ土木工事作業と、その「温熱的」人類知に沿ってまとめてみた。成員30名程度のムラ社会にとっての価値感を考えて見た次第。
　それに対してこのブログの「協働者」とでも言えるShigeru Narabeさんから反応。いつも的確なポイント指摘でわたしの着目するテーマ領域に対しての啓示をもたらしてくれています。長文ですが、要旨は以下の通り。
　「炊事道具一般を「鍋・釜」と呼ぶ。カマを据える処という言葉が恐らくカマドの語源。ナベにはツルというハンドルが着くのがデフォルトかと思う。全国にナベツル岩がある。ナベはツルで吊るのがデフォルトであろうと想像する。アイヌ文化は鉄ナベを吊る文化。住居にはカマドではなくてイロリがある。カマドではなくイロリを用いるのは、季節により住居を移動する身軽さと暖房とあわせた燃料効率の問題のようにも感じる。さて、常呂遺跡の竪穴住居跡はどうなのだろう？」＜全文はhttps://www.facebook.com/replanmarke/　コメント欄をご覧ください。＞
　という指摘でしたので、本日はそのポイントの写真です。
　みごとにカマドと囲炉裏が同居している。
　室外に燃焼の煙を排出する「煙道」も持ったカマドが玄関脇に定置されている。一方で囲炉裏の上部には食物を保存乾燥させる用途の木組み器具が定置されている。ここから囲炉裏に向かって自在鉤が存在すれば囲炉裏に「暖房＋調理」の機能を兼用させるアイヌ期文化となるところ。しかし、東大の常呂遺跡研究者の示唆であるのか、明確な鉄鍋などの吊り下げ構造「自在鉤」の呈示は見られない。時代的には本州地域から鉄鍋などの「文明利器」は相当程度の流入は想像できる平安・鎌倉の時代相だけれど。
　実はアイヌ期になぜカマドが消滅したのか、北海道の考古研究者でも定説が認められないとされてきている。擦文期の人びととアイヌ期にはこのライフスタイルの大きな違いという謎が横たわっている。常識的に考えて擦文人とアイヌ民に継承性はあったと思えるのだけれど、いくつかの基本的ライフスタイル相での違いが明瞭なのだ。
　この常呂遺跡には、その後のアイヌ期の痕跡は残されていないとされる。北海道の住宅情報人としては、考古研究者のさらなる研究の進展を期待している段階。
　きのう触れた外周側の土留め的な板状素材が林立して、土間床面との明瞭な対比を見せている。そこから萱状の屋根・外壁素材が壁面を構成している。囲炉裏の裸火に照らされて浮き上がってくるこういうインテリア空間環境で、先人たちは日々の活動後の床に就いていた。どのような寝物語をして共同体成員たちは明日の活力を涵養したか、いっとき思いを巡らせていました。

English version⬇

1000 years ago in Hokkaido, “Kamado” and “Irori” – Tokoro-3
The contrast between the Aburibun period and the Ainu period lifestyle and culture. According to the results of research at the Tokoro site by the University of Tokyo, it was assumed that people cooked food in a kamado (a kind of cooking stove). In contrast, the Ainu period is characterized by hearths for both cooking and heating. The Ainu period is characterized by the use of hearths for both cooking and heating.
Continuing from yesterday, the pit dwellings of the Aburibun period (the period category on Hokkaido Island at that time about 1,000 years ago). Yesterday, I mainly summarized the excavation of the soil surface of the pit dwelling and its “thermal” anthropological knowledge. I thought about the sense of value for a village society of about 30 members.
　Shigeru Narabe, who can be called the “collaborator” of this blog, responded. He has always made precise points that have brought revelations to the theme area I am focusing on. The following is the gist of his response, although it is lengthy.
　The term “pot/kettle” refers to cooking utensils in general. The word “kamado” is probably derived from the word “kama,” which means a place to set up a kama. I think the default is to attach the handle “Tsuru” to the nabe. There are nabetsuru rocks all over the country. I imagine that the default is to hang the nabe with a crane. The Ainu culture is one of hanging iron nabes. The houses have irori, not kamado. The use of irori instead of kamado seems to be a matter of lightness in moving from one dwelling to another depending on the season, as well as fuel efficiency in combination with heating. Now, what about the pit dwelling sites at the Tsuneero site?

So today’s photo is of that point.
　The kamado and the sunken hearth are beautifully coexisting in the same house.
　The kamado, which also has a “flue” for discharging combustion smoke outside the house, is stationed by the entrance. On the top of the hearth is a wooden structure used to store and dry food. If a free hook was placed toward the hearth from here, it would indicate that the hearth served both heating and cooking functions in the Ainu culture. However, there is no clear indication of a “free hook” for hanging iron pots and pans, as suggested by researchers at the University of Tokyo’s Tsunero Site. Although it is possible to imagine a considerable influx of iron pots and other “civilized” tools from the Honshu area during the Heian and Kamakura periods, it is not clear why the Ainu culture would have been involved in the construction of these pots and pans.
　In fact, even archaeologists in Hokkaido have been unable to come up with a definitive theory as to why the kamado disappeared during the Ainu period. The mystery lies in the great difference in lifestyle between the people of the Abrahamic period and the Ainu period. Although common sense would suggest that the Abrahamic people and the Ainu people were interrelated, there are some basic lifestyle differences that are clear.
　It is believed that no traces of the later Ainu period were left at the Tsunero site. As a housing informant in Hokkaido, I am looking forward to further research by archaeologists.
　The earth-roofed wooden planks on the outer perimeter of the house, which I mentioned yesterday, stand in sharp contrast to the earthen floor. From there, the roof and exterior walls are made up of grass-like materials. In this interior space environment, illuminated by the open fire of the sunken hearth, our ancestors slept on the floor after their daily activities. For a moment, I was thinking about what kind of bedtime stories the members of the community used to cultivate their vitality for tomorrow.
　

Posted on 10月 22nd, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

　さて、全国各地の住宅探訪をライフワークのように続けてきて、一方でそういった取材の「整理整頓」が生来の怠け者のせいでまったく進んでおりません（泣）。せっかく高断熱高気密などの現代的住宅進化のただ中で住宅取材を続けて来られた人間なのに、その責任をしっかり果たしていないなと深く反省してきております。
　そういうことで徐々にそういった「振り返り」をして、罪滅ぼしに着手していきたいと思います。そういう活動についてはこのブログに限らず、いろいろな発表機会を活用してまとめていきたいと念願しています。わたしは住宅の取材者・ジャーナリストなので、一応の建築知識自体はあるけれど、より生活レベルでの視点、住んでいた人間側の目線での気付きを心がけて行きたいと思っています。
　ということで飛び飛びになると思いますが、今回は「ところ遺跡の森」探訪の再発見編です。前にも一度ブログで触れていましたが、やはりしっかり周辺取材とか、現地研究施設での研究成果などを交えての「深掘り」には到底至っていなかった。そういうケースが山ほどありすぎるのですね。住宅取材版「フーテンの寅さん」か（笑）。こちらについては2009年に探訪してきています。全国のみなさんのために「常呂」の位置関係を。

Screenshot

English version⬇

Hokkaido’s Ruins: A Second Look at an Old Japanese House – Tokoro Ruins
The first snow was observed at our house in Sapporo today. The houses and people who lived in Tokoro, Hokkaido more than 1,000 years ago. We will explore and excavate with the power of empathy for the climate and climate of the region. The house and people who lived there more than 1,000 years ago in Tsuneo, Hokkaido, Japan.

　I have been continuing my life’s work of exploring houses all over Japan, but on the other hand, due to my natural laziness, I have not been able to “organize” my coverage at all (I cry). (Crying) Although I have been able to continue to cover housing in the midst of the evolution of modern housing, such as highly insulated and airtight houses, I have been deeply reflecting on the fact that I have not been fulfilling my responsibility to do so.
　I would like to gradually “look back” and begin to atone for my sins. I would like to summarize these activities not only in this blog, but also in various other opportunities to present my work. Since I am a housing reporter and journalist, I have a certain amount of architectural knowledge, but I would like to try to notice things from the perspective of people who have lived in the house.
　So, I know this is going to be a bit of a jumping off point, but this is the rediscovery part of my exploration of the “Tokoro Ruins Forest”. As I mentioned in my blog once before, I have not been able to “dig deeper” into the area with thorough research on the surrounding area and the results of research at local research facilities. There are too many such cases. I guess I am the Tora-san version of Hooten’s Tiger (laughs). I visited this area in 2009. I would like to explain the location of Tsuneero for everyone in Japan.

　The forest of the Tokoro Ruins is a deciduous broad-leaved forest of mainly oak and oak trees, with a total area of about 120,000 square meters. As shown on the map, there are approximately 138 pit houses dating from around 4,000 years ago on the hillside facing the Sea of Okhotsk at the junction of Lake Saroma. The houses are located on the west side of the plateau and around Ozawa during the Aburibun period (around 1,000 years ago), and on the north side of the plateau during the Shokujomon period (around 1,800 years ago). During the Jomon period, which is the oldest period (4,000 years ago), they are widely distributed from the north to the east side of the plateau. It is rare to find different residential sites for different periods in a single site area.
　The photo and illustration above are from the most recent “Abrasive Period. It roughly corresponds to the Heian and Kamakura periods in the Honshu area, and 48 dwelling sites have been identified throughout the site. During this period, a village was established with about 3 pit dwellings. The main occupation of the people was salmon fishing using fish traps called “weirs” to catch fish at river rapids, in which wooden and bamboo weirs were lined up so that the water flowed to one place, and the fish coming to the weirs were caught by a bamboo screen stretched diagonally.
　The illustration also shows the capture of deer. The main activity was probably hunting and gathering. However, “farming” of millet, buckwheat, and Japanese millet was also practiced. Hokkaido Island entered the “Ainu cultural period” after this period, but this landscape of the Nippon Archipelago also existed at the same time, although it was much more remote from the Honshu region.

　As I was writing this, I suddenly heard a noise, and to my surprise, it was the first snowfall in Sapporo. I wonder how people in ancient times must have felt about the first snowfall. I wonder if it was a bit of sadness or nostalgia.

Posted on 10月 20th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

　仕事人生いち段落夫婦、カレンダー曜日からは比較的自由に行動予定を決められる。カミさんの調査で、ことしの旭川方面の紅葉、見頃は10/20日頃までという情報。仕事上では土地測量と契約日程の合間の１日、それも休日の混雑を避けられる自由さを発揮して、旭川周辺まで探訪して参りました。
　クルマの運転については意識することもなくわたしは自由に行動できています。きのうも旭川地域への往復、約300kmの運転でしたが、ほとんど疲れを感じません。ただ、いつもよりは寝付きの「熟睡度」がより高かったので、眼精や肉体面での「疲労」は確実にあったのでしょうが、かえって心身はスッキリしております。出張時にもおおむね移動はクルマ一択なのですが、ホテルでの休息でスッキリできる。
　目的地は冬場にはスキー場になる「カムイスキーリンクス」と神居古潭。上の写真は神居古潭の紅葉の景観。写真としては若干、Photoshopで見栄えをアップさせたので、現実よりも「いい感じ」にしました（笑）。ご容赦ください。下の写真はカムイスキーリンクスで乗っていたゴンドラから見えた特徴的な色づき。こちらのショップ店員のみなさんに聞いたら、ことしの紅葉は表題の通りとか。心もちくすんだような色合いで、昨年までの感じとはやや違いがあるようです。夏場の高温の影響がそういう結果になっているのでしょうか？
　まぁしかし、それは神さまの思し召しなので、人間はどうであってもありがたく感謝の気持ちで受容するに徹するしかありませんね。北海道の雄大な自然のパノラマは、陶然とした時空の浮揚感を与えてくれて、こころの中心に新鮮な回復感をもたらしてくれます。きっとものごとを受容するとき、そういったこころの洗濯が大きな気付きを生んでくれたりするのだろうと思います。
　そこからの帰り道は途中の「美唄」の温泉場まで「下道」をずっと走っておりました。深川〜滝川〜砂川〜奈井江と、普段は高速道で車窓から通り過ぎるだけの北空知の各地を巡っていました。この年齢になると、たぶん幼少期に車窓から見ていた「家並み」の雰囲気に近いと感じられて、無性に「なつかしさ」がこみ上げておりました。山河のありようや家並みにタイムスリップさせられるものがあるのだろうと思います。
　車窓からは選挙のポスターも散見される（笑）ので、現代であることは知らされるのですが、たぶん札幌の街並みが現代のスピード感に同心しているのに対して、すこしズレが感じられるのでしょう。人によってそのことの受け取り方は違うでしょうが、わたし的には非常にうれしく、楽しかった。
　紅葉もだけれど、そういった街の雰囲気にも癒されておりました。

English version⬇

Hokkaido’s Autumn Foliage to be Mainly Yellow Rather than Red this Year?
The unusually high temperatures during the summer may have affected the autumn colors in the mountains, as shown in the title of this article. On the way home, the nostalgic townscape filled my heart. The city is filled with a nostalgic atmosphere.

　My work life has come to an end, and I am free to make my own plans for the next few days of the week. According to my wife’s research, the best time to see the autumn leaves in the Asahikawa area this year is around October 20. We visited the area for a day between the surveying and contracting schedule at work, and also to avoid the holiday crowds.
　I am free to do what I want without having to worry about driving a car. Yesterday, too, I drove about 300 km to Asahikawa area and back, but I hardly felt tired. However, I slept more soundly than usual, so I am sure that I am fatigued in terms of my eyesight and body, but my body and mind feel much more refreshed. I generally choose to drive when I go on business trips, but I can feel refreshed after a rest at the hotel.
　My destinations are Kamui Ski Rinks, which becomes a ski resort in winter, and Kamuikotan. The photo above is a view of the autumn leaves at Kamuikotan. As for the photo, I used Photoshop to enhance its appearance slightly, so I made it “look better” than it is in reality (laugh). Please forgive me. The photo below shows the characteristic color change seen from the gondola we were riding at Kamui Ski Links. I asked the staff at this store about this year’s autumn foliage, and they told me that it was just as shown in the title. The colors were a little duller than last year’s and slightly different from the previous year’s. The high temperatures during the summer had an effect on the colors. Is this the result of the high temperatures during the summer?
　Well, however, it is God’s will, and we humans have no choice but to be thankful and accept it with gratitude. The magnificent natural panorama of Hokkaido gives us a sense of floating in time and space that brings a fresh sense of recovery to the center of our hearts. I am sure that when accepting things, such a washing of the mind will bring about a great realization.
　On the way home from there, we took the “down road” all the way to a hot spring resort in Bibai. We drove from Fukagawa to Takikawa to Sunagawa to Naie, visiting places in Kita-Kuachi that we usually just pass by from the window of the car on the expressway. At my age, I felt that the atmosphere was similar to that of the “rows of houses” I used to see from the car window in my childhood, and I was filled with an irresistible feeling of “nostalgia. I think that there is something about the mountains and rivers and the rows of houses that takes me back in time.
　However, I think I could feel a slight discrepancy between Sapporo’s streetscape and that of today, which is more in tune with the speed of modern times. I am sure that everyone has a different take on this, but for me, it was a very pleasant and enjoyable experience.
　I was healed not only by the autumn leaves but also by the atmosphere of the city.

Posted on 10月 18th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

　昨日、宮城県の農家から直接購入していることしの「新米」が到着致しました。この農家さんはある断熱材メーカーでの「営業職」としての勤務を終えた方が、その後実家の農家を継いだ方。そういうことで仕事上のご縁が継続していることから、わたしの家では購入しておりました。
　今回はわたし自身の立場の変更もあったのですが、相変わらず、会社スタッフ宛の分として送付していただいた次第。
　30kg袋がドーンと寄せられたので、それを小分けして札促社の各スタッフごとに分配配布。
　その農家さんのコトバではことしの新米は上出来で、食味にも自信があるとのこと。前職時代にはわたしも一度、仕事のついでにその農家に伺ったことがあります。宮城県大崎市鹿島台大迫という土地で、川沿いの田園で栽培されていた。昔は隣接する河川の氾濫などもあったそうですが、まことにおだやかな農村風景が広がっていて、癒されるような雰囲気だった。
　コメというと、新潟県が名高いのですが、宮城県も東北最大の生産地。また、江戸時代には江戸都市圏の主食の最大生産地として繁栄してきている。太平洋水運から利根川を遡る水運ルートが江戸期の最大流通ルート。伊達氏が東北の戦国騒乱でこの宮城に強く執着したかの最大の経済根拠。
　自分のふだんの主食の生産地、その土地の空気感にも触れるというのはありがたい体験。その農家からの帰り道、その風土感を満喫させていただいていた。まぁ、本来であれば地元・北海道産品愛用とすべきところでしょうが、わたしの場合、北海道のみならず東北にも深く人生が関わった。そういった意味ではこういう「ご縁」は大切にしていきたいと思っています。
　わが家ではまだ、前年度産のお米が20kg以上残っているので、新米の注文は控えていまして、今回がことしの新米と初のお目見え。最近というか、ここ数ヶ月前からわが家では小豆も加えた「十穀米」仕様のお米主食で過ごしてきております。やはり健康寿命第一ということからの選択。すっかり慣れ親しんできて、その上ダイエットも成功してきているので、お米消費はやや減少気味かも。
　なんですが、せっかくの新米なので本日は久しぶりにお米100%で食してみたい。
　久しぶりの食べ心地、それも気候に恵まれたことしの日本列島、その空気・風土感もいっしょに、しっかりと味わって食したいと思います。　いただきまーす。

English version⬇

Miyagi’s new rice, 2024 Hitomebore, has arrived.
The staple food of Miyagi Prefecture, where you can enjoy the expression of the producers and the atmosphere and climate of the land. The high temperatures and good weather have resulted in a bountiful harvest. We will eat the whole crop. The whole thing is yours to enjoy.

　Yesterday, this year’s “new rice” purchased directly from a farmer in Miyagi Prefecture arrived. This farmer is a man who took over his family’s farm after he finished working as a sales representative for an insulation material manufacturer. I had been purchasing the rice for my own family because of our continuing business relationship.
　This time, I had a change in my position, but as usual, I received a 30 kg bag for my company staff.
　We received a large quantity of 30 kg bags, which were divided into smaller bags and distributed to each staff member of the company.
　According to the farmer, this year’s new rice was excellent, and he was confident of its taste. I once visited the farmer on a business trip when I was a former employee. The rice was grown in a rice field along a river in an area called Kashimadai Osako, Osaki City, Miyagi Prefecture. In the past, there used to be flooding of the adjacent river, but it was a truly tranquil farming village with a soothing atmosphere.
　When it comes to rice, Niigata Prefecture is well known, but Miyagi Prefecture is also the largest producer in the Tohoku region. It has also prospered as the largest producer of staple food in the Edo metropolitan area during the Edo period (1603-1868). The water transportation route from the Pacific Ocean up the Tone River was the largest distribution route during the Edo period. This is the main economic rationale for the Date clan’s strong attachment to Miyagi during the Warring States uprisings in the Tohoku region.
　It is a gratifying experience to be in touch with the land where one’s staple food is produced and the atmosphere of the land. On the way home from the farmhouse, I was able to fully enjoy the local atmosphere. Well, I should probably be a fan of local Hokkaido products, but in my case, I was deeply involved not only in Hokkaido but also in the Tohoku region. In that sense, I would like to cherish this kind of “relationship.
　Since we still have more than 20 kg of rice from the previous year left over, we have refrained from ordering new rice, and this is the first time we have seen the new rice. Recently, or rather for the past several months, we have been eating rice with “10-grain rice,” which includes azuki beans. This choice was made because we believe that healthy life expectancy is the most important factor. Since we have become accustomed to it and have also succeeded in losing weight, our rice consumption may be on the decline.
　However, since it is new rice, I would like to eat 100% rice today for the first time in a while.
　It has been a long time since I have had the pleasure of eating rice, and I would like to enjoy it with the air and climate of the Japanese archipelago this year, which has been blessed with a good climate.　Bon appétit!
　
　

Posted on 10月 16th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: おとこの料理＆食 | No Comments »

　前々回の東京出張時に借りたレンタカー。わたしはクルマの種類など一応は気にするけれど、最近のクルマは厳しい競争からか、それほど気にもならないレベルの性能差になってきている。クルマも永く乗り続け、免許証をいただいてからでも（？）54年が経過。狭いニッポンですが、あちこち巡り続けてもまだまだ、好奇心と探究心をお供に走り回り続けている。
　昨日は久しぶりに長い付き合いのクルマメーカーの担当者と話していましたが、道の狭い本州地域では軽の方がなにかと好都合という話題に持ち込んで、かれの高額車販売志向を封じておりました（笑）。
　そうなんですよね、いろいろな取材対象・箇所に行くのに本州の市街地域では道路幅事情が非常に厳しかったりする。普通車に乗っていて、車幅を気にしながら路肩と話し合いながら運転するようなケースも多いのですね。一度など和歌山・熊野地区では急坂の降りていく道で目の前で直角に右折する道路で路幅が非常に狭く、さらにその先にもどういう局面が現れるか予断が出来ない道に出くわした。そういうことでさすがに運転に自信が持てずに結局回避してわざわざ遠回りして目的箇所に行ったこともある。運転歴半世紀以上のベテランではあるけれど、本州の過疎地域などでは、いつなんどきそういった事態に遭遇する可能性がある。
　日本のクルマの４割程度が「軽」だそうで、そういった道路事情も反映しているのでしょうね。
　レンタカーの場合、移動手段としてだけの活用なので、小回りが利くというのは大きなメリット。さらに長距離移動のスケジュールも多いので、高速道路の軽の割引も３割程度なので大きい。たしかに追い越し時などエンジンの非力を感じることはあるけれど、快適性<利便性の一択。 　ということなんですが、このときも通常のチェックを済ませて借りて、必要なカーナビ操作を行ってすぐに出発した次第。で、ひと走りしたあと、高速のPAでふと車両番号が目に入ってしまった（笑）。 　まぁレンタカー屋さんに特段の底意はなかっただろうと信じますが、偶然にしては1/10000の確率の番号であります。大当たり気分も襲ってくる一方、比較的に楽天的性格ですのでいい方に考える習慣からすると、メッチャそのあとの運転に慎重さが増したメリット（笑）。まぁありがたい天の配剤でしょうか。 　たぶん道路で後続のクルマからは、たぶんちょっと距離を離したくなってくれたのではないかとも勝手に想像しておりました。　みなさんくれぐれも安全運転最優先で。 English version⬇ Rental Cars, Canines, and Walking Cars? In the Kanto region, public transportation is the only choice for business interviews, but for residential interviews, rental cars are still the way to go. This time, I won a precious jackpot number. I'm so sorry.... 　This is the rental car I rented on my previous business trip to Tokyo. I am concerned about the type of car I drive, but recently I am not so concerned about the type of car I drive, probably because of the stiff competition. I have been driving cars for a long time, even after receiving my driver's license (?). 54 years have passed. It is a small country, but even though I continue to visit many places, I am still driving around with curiosity and inquisitiveness as my companion. 　Yesterday, for the first time in a long time, I was talking with a person in charge of a car manufacturer with whom I have a long relationship, and I brought up the subject that in the Honshu area, where roads are narrow, it is more convenient to use light cars, thereby blocking his desire to sell luxury cars (laugh). Yes, the roads in the urban areas of Honshu are very narrow, and it is very difficult to visit the various subjects and locations of the interviews. In many cases, you are driving a standard car, and you have to be careful about the width of the car and discuss with the shoulder of the road. Once, for example, in the Kumano area of Wakayama Prefecture, I came across a road where the road width was very narrow with a right turn at a right angle in front of me on a road going down a steep slope, and furthermore, I could not foresee what phase would appear beyond that. I was not confident in my driving skills and ended up taking the long way around to get to the destination. Although I am a veteran driver with more than half a century of driving experience, there is a possibility that I may encounter such a situation at any time in depopulated areas in Honshu. 　I heard that about 40% of the cars in Japan are “kei” (light) cars, which probably reflects such road conditions. 　In the case of rental cars, since they are used only as a means of transportation, the ability to turn around on a small scale is a big advantage. Furthermore, since there are many long-distance travel schedules, the light discount on expressways is also significant since it is about 30%. Yes, there are times when I feel the engine is inefficient, such as when overtaking, but it is a choice of comfort

Posted on 10月 14th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 出張＆旅先にて | No Comments »