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【神々が坐す 素朴な自然崇拝の「後方羊蹄」地域】



きのうのニセコでの環状列石探訪での古代縄文人の痕跡に気付かされ、知らず知らずわたし自身も陥っていた北海道地域観、大自然がそのまま残っている未踏の開拓地的な史観がゆらぎを見せ始めています。人跡・文化性への極度の軽視から目を見開かされたような思いがある。
たしかに人跡の歴史には連続性は乏しいけれど、それなりに点景としては存在していることに改めて思いが至っていました。
日本史との接点ではこの羊蹄山周辺地域・ニセコは「後方羊蹄〜シリベシ」という地名地域として、阿倍比羅夫の遠征期に名を記している。この漢字の文字記述とよみがなとの乖離感はたぶん日本語の中でも特異な例でしょう。
さらに現代地名表現としての後志と書いてシリベシと読むのも、この表記・音読との関係性が出発点なのでしょう。他地域のみなさんは漢字表現とよみに強い違和感を覚えるだろうと思います。
阿倍比羅夫の北方遠征については以下の「『福井県史』通史編1原始・古代」記述がある。「比羅夫は水軍180~200艘を率いて北征したがそのための造船はもとより、兵員や食糧の調達は莫大だった。その負担に堪えたのはおそらく能登・加賀を含む広義の越前が主だったであろう。比羅夫の遠征軍は、斉明天皇四年(659年前後)に齶田・渟代(秋田・能代)を平定。渡嶋の「蝦夷」をも綏撫して帰還。この年にまた比羅夫は粛慎を討って帰還した。同五年には飽田・渟代二郡の「蝦夷」のほか、津軽郡・膽振「蝦夷」を饗応し進んで肉入篭に至り、後方羊蹄に郡領を置いて帰った。同六年にも、渡嶋の「蝦夷」を味方として幣賂辨島の粛慎と戦った。」
ここに記述された「後方羊蹄」という地域は常識的に考えれば写真のような現代の羊蹄山周辺地域。ここに「郡領を置いた」という記述からは、一定の人口社会地域であることが推定される。きのう見たような約3,000年前当時の縄文期の遺跡から、この1,364年前当時まで、少なくとも1,700年程度は一定の集落社会が形成され続けていたと考えることが自然なのではないか。こういう推論に基づいて丹念に考え続けることが必要なのかも知れません。
現代の北海道地理観でも、積丹半島の先端部・神威岬は猛烈な強風で知られ、そこを超えた石狩平野地域は江戸期くらいまで女人禁制とまでされていた通行困難地域。いまでも札幌から移動するには山岳地域を抜ける必要がある。いわゆる蝦夷ヶ島の交通可能エリアとしては、ニセコ地域は日本社会との接触可能圏だったと考えられる。そういう背景があって「郡領を置いた」のだろう。現代ではこの地域は海外との接触が非常に高まってもいる地域。歴史探偵団的にたいへん面白みがある。

English version⬇

A simple nature-worshipping “backward yotei” area where the gods sit.
The area where Abenohirau “established a county fief” during his northern expedition 1,364 years ago. 3,000 years ago, during the Jomon period, we can predict the continuous existence of a populated society. The area was “the county seat” during Abenohirau’s northern expedition 1,364 years ago.

Yesterday’s visit to Niseko and the traces of the ancient Jomon people were a reminder to me that my own view of Hokkaido as an unexplored frontier with its natural wonders intact is beginning to waver. I feel as if my eyes have been opened from the extreme disregard for human remains and culture.
It is true that there is little continuity in the history of human sites, but I have come to realize once again that they exist in their own way as a point of view.
In terms of contact with Japanese history, the area around Mt. Yotei, Niseko, was named “Yotei Shiribeshi” during Abenohirou’s expedition. This divergence between the Kanji character description and the yomigana is probably a unique example in the Japanese language.
Furthermore, the modern use of “Goshi” as a place name expression, reading “Shiribeshi,” is also probably based on this relationship between the written and phonetic readings. I believe that people from other regions may feel a strong sense of discomfort with the Chinese characters and pronunciation.
The following is a description of Abeno Hirao’s expedition to the north in the “History of Fukui Prefecture,” General History, Part 1, Primitive and Ancient Times. The burden of building ships and procuring men and food for the expedition was enormous. It is likely that the burden was borne mainly by Echizen in the broad sense of the word, including Noto and Kaga. Hirao’s expeditionary force pacified Jinden and Nugushiro (Akita and Noshiro) in the 4th year of the Emperor Saimei (around 659). He also returned after having pacified the “Emishi” of Watarajima. In the same year, Hirao also returned after defeating Sukune. In the same year, he served “Ezo” in Ajita, Nuyo, Tsugaru-gun, and Ezo in Echigo-Tsumari, and returned to Yotei with his county territory in the rear. In the same year, he fought against Sukune of Beshima with the “Emishi” of Watarajima as his allies.
The area described here as “back Yotei” is, to the casual observer, the area around modern Mt. The description of a “county fiefdom” here suggests that it was an area with a certain population. It is natural to assume that a certain settlement society had continued to be formed for at least 1,700 years from the Jomon period ruins we saw yesterday, about 3,000 years ago, to this time, 1,364 years ago. It may be necessary to continue to think painstakingly based on this kind of reasoning.
Even in the modern geographical view of Hokkaido, Cape Kamui, at the tip of the Shakotan Peninsula, is known for its ferociously strong winds, and the Ishikari Plain area beyond Cape Kamui was a difficult area where women were even forbidden to travel until around the Edo period. Even today, travelers from Sapporo must pass through mountainous areas. The Niseko area is thought to have been the only area in the so-called “Ezo-gashima” area that was accessible to Japanese society. It is against this background that the “county territory” was established. In the present day, this area is also a region where contact with the rest of the world has increased greatly. It is very interesting from the perspective of the Historical Detective Corps.

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