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【八戸にて「作家と住空間」講演】


 さて、昨日は今回の出張のメインである八戸での講演。東北電力さんの主催される建築専門家向けのイベントでの「業界情報」的な仕立てのシチュエーション。
 わたしは住宅雑誌発行人としての経験から、北海道東北では各地で住宅についての講演経験がありましたが、コロナ禍以降、そういったイベント開催が難しくなったことから、講演機会もほとんどなくなっていました。それが久しぶりの講演機会。それと、わたしの立場が変わったので、こうしたお申し出をいただくとは思いも寄りませんでした。それが、電子書籍出版という情報から、こういう機会がふたたび巡ってきたので、謹んで講演させていただきました。
 講演の時間は50分程度と聞いていましたが、久しぶりの講演なので時間感覚はまったく消滅していた(泣)。講演のスライドはパワポで作成しますが、その用意した枚数のうち、1/4は未消化に終わってしまった。時間配分的に「カン」がまったく働かなかった。
 そういうお詫びをしつつ、講演後の懇親会ではほぼ全員のみなさんと話をさせていただけたので、その内容への反応などを「取材」させていただけました。出版物の書き手として考えれば、その出版前に「読者の反応」を知るということに等しい稀有な機会。
 さまざまな「気付き」のポイントがあって、わたしとしてはまことにありがたいと感じられた次第です。
 住宅についてのそれも専門家対象の講演としては珍しく、聞いていただいたどなたからもいろいろな反応や意見を語っていただけました。ある女性の方からは「男性のラブレターについて、それを書いた場所、空間を追究するツッコミぶりが面白かった(笑)」という反応も伺った。
 そういったご意見も含めて、わたしとしては貴重なご意見で本当に感謝そのもの。ただ時間が順守できなかったことについて、しっかり反省して本日の十和田の会場での講演にすこしでも経験として活かせればと考えております。
 きょうも講演の時間(午後4時過ぎ)まで、スライド枚数と話す内容について、調整をしていきたいと考えております。

English version⬇

Lecture on “Writers and Living Space” in Hachinohe:
an opportunity to lecture on the Corona Disaster and my own changing environment. The sense of time had disappeared (tears). But what I lacked in time, I made up for a little by exchanging impressions at the reception. I’ll do my best again today. …

 Well, yesterday I gave a lecture in Hachinohe, the main part of this business trip. It was an “industry information” type situation at an event for construction professionals organised by Tohoku Electric Power Company.
 I had given lectures on housing in various parts of Hokkaido and Tohoku as a publisher of a housing magazine, but since the Corona disaster, it has become difficult to hold such events and I have had very few opportunities to give lectures. This is the first time in a long time that I have had the opportunity to give a lecture. Also, my position has changed, so I had no idea that I would receive such an offer. However, the information about the publication of the e-book has given me this opportunity once again, so I have respectfully decided to give a lecture.
 I was told that the lecture would last about 50 minutes, but as it had been a long time since I had given a lecture, my sense of time had completely disappeared (tears). Slides for the lecture are prepared using PowerPoint, but of the number of slides I had prepared, 1/4 of them ended up undigested. In terms of time allocation, my “hunch” did not work at all.
 With those apologies, I was able to talk to almost everyone at the reception after the lecture, so I was able to “cover” their reactions to the content. As a writer of a publication, this is a rare opportunity to learn about the “reader’s reaction” before publication.
 There were various points of “awareness” that I was very grateful for.
 It was unusual for a lecture on housing for professionals to receive such a wide variety of reactions and opinions from everyone who listened to it. One woman said, ‘It was interesting to see the way he was so quick to pursue the place and space where the man wrote his love letter (laughs)’.
 I am very grateful for the valuable feedback I received, including such comments. However, I will reflect on the fact that I was not able to make good use of the time, and hope to make use of some of the experience in today’s lecture in Towada.
 I will continue to make adjustments to the number of slides and the content of my speech until the time of my speech today (after 4pm).

【飛行機から地上へ迎えの「岩手山」観望】


 さて本日は八戸で講演を行います。仙台空港に到着後、東日本大震災という大きな節目をも経験した住宅取材行脚の記憶が染み込んでいる東北の地を「クルマで地上を北上」することで記憶再生。
 人間は習慣の動物でありその行動する山野の視覚記憶が深く心理の底に残留し続けるものでしょう。そういう意味合いからは、北海道に次いで、東北の各地域にはそれぞれの生々しい記憶がそうした切り口からいろいろな思いが吹き上げてくるもの。
 そういう大量の記憶の中、その背景としてはやはり特徴的な山の風景記憶が巨大。北から言えば岩木山、そしてこの岩手山、そして宮城と山形にまたがる蔵王、そして安達太良山から磐梯山といった名山がそれぞれの独特の形象で心理に深く突き刺さってくる。
 わたしは、北海道札幌がホームですが、藻岩山とか、三角山、手稲というような山容には圧倒的なネイティブ感を持っている。そういう底流心理を持っている。明治初年の開拓の記録など、たとえば明治天皇が札幌をあちこち歩かれている様子の記録写真などを見るときに、背景にこうした山容が映り込んでいると、時代をはるかに超越して、すっかり心理が同期させられるものだと思っています。
 写真という明瞭な記憶が残り続ける時代相以降の人間社会には、こういったリアリズムが連綿と続いていくのだろうなと思える。とくに山のカタチには人間、弱いだろうと。
 ・・・さてそういった次第で、いまは最終的に講演のデータをチェックしている作業中。まだ、あれこれと気付くポイントに手を入れ続けております。とくに自分で作品化したテーマ領域なので、まとめ上げていくというのは、結構な深みがあって、ほとんど溺死寸前(笑)。講演の時間までなんとか、気付くポイントを整理整頓して行きたいと思います。
 たぶんあしたになれば、一回吐き出したあとなので、落ち着きが出てくると思いますが、なんせ初体験の自分自身のアタマのなか、みたいなテーマ領域なので、さて整合的にまとまるものかどうか、ドキドキしながら肝を据えていきたいと思います。よろしくお願いします。

English version⬇

The view of Mount Iwate from the plane to the ground:
Mount Iwate, which happened to be visible from the plane yesterday, reveals its majesty from the ground along the north-north Tohoku Expressway. I’m currently working on compiling the presentation material for my lecture. …

 Today, I will be giving a lecture in Hachinohe. After arriving at Sendai Airport, I will replay my memories of the Tohoku region, which is steeped in the memories of my trip to cover housing that also experienced the major milestone of the Great East Japan Earthquake, by ‘driving northwards on the ground’.
 Humans are animals of habit, and the visual memories of the mountains and fields where they go are likely to remain deep in the recesses of their psyche. In this sense, after Hokkaido, each region of the Tohoku region has its own vivid memories, and from such a cut, a variety of thoughts and feelings come to the surface.
 Amongst this mass of memories, there is a huge background of distinctive mountain landscapes. From the north, Mt Iwaki, Mt Iwate, Mt Zao, which straddles Miyagi and Yamagata, and famous mountains such as Mt Adatara and Mt Bandai, each with its own unique shape, stick deeply into the psyche.
 I am from Sapporo, Hokkaido, and have an overwhelming sense of nativity for such mountainous peaks as Mt Moiwa, Mt Sankaku and Mt Teine. I have such an underlying psychology. When I look at the records of pioneering activities in the early Meiji period, such as the photographs of Emperor Meiji walking around Sapporo, if I see these mountain peaks in the background, they transcend the times and my mind is completely synchronised with them.
 This kind of realism is likely to continue in human society after the age in which the clear memory of photography continues to be preserved. I think that human beings are particularly vulnerable to the shape of mountains.
 Now, I am in the process of checking the final data of the lecture. I am still working on the points that I notice. Especially as it is a theme area that I have made into a work of art, it is quite deep to put it all together and I am almost drowning (laughs). I’m trying to organise the points I notice until it’s time for my lecture.
 I’m not sure if I’ll be able to put it all together in a coherent manner, but I’m nervous about it because it’s my first experience in this thematic area. Thank you very much for your cooperation.

【ひさしぶり仙台着陸〜東北を北上旅】


 最近の新千歳空港の混雑ぶりは、すごい。とくに「国内線」側の混雑ぶりはハンパない。まずは駐車場がまったくのパンパンで、送迎のための1時間以内駐車は日中時間ではまずムリ。各入口に長蛇の車列が出来ている状況。距離のやや離れたC駐車場もあるけれど、飛行機へのアクセスを考えればやはりAB駐車場ということになる。
 AB駐車場の収容台数はそれぞれ1,800台と2,416台となっている。東京羽田の5つの駐車場の収容台数13,112台と比較するとC駐車場1.011台も含めて5,227台と、おおむね40%程度の台数なので、人口規模などを考えれば相応以上と思えるけれど、それがまったく機能不全寸前に陥っている。昨日もカミさんがクルマで送ってくれたのですが、それも時間に余裕を持って飛行機の出発定刻13時に対して10時頃到着したのですが、すでに駐車場入口は長蛇の車列。
 駐車場に入れて空港に早く入ってゆっくりしてから出発したかったのですが、やむなくそこからクルマで15分ほどの道の駅 マオイの丘公園まで往復して1時間ほど前くらいにクルマ送迎乗降場所に向かった。ところが、今度はその送迎乗降場所自体まで長蛇の車列!
 なんとか、数秒の停車が確保できた瞬間に降ろさせてもらいました。いやはや、というところ。で、国内戦の乗降エリアはそれこそ世界各国からのインバウンドと日本人客でまさにごった返している。まるで東京山手線の乗降口か! これはゆっくりするのはムリと、早々にチェックインしてすぐに航空機の乗降エリアに入っていました。仙台路線はだいたいが日本人乗客。で、仙台に到着すると、飛行場は混雑とは縁遠く、非常に「ゆったり」している。ひと息。
 先日も北海道内のインバウンド状況について書きましたが、中国の「春節」時期の特別な混雑だけではなくなってきている。まぁ、通常に「住んで働いている」分にはそこまで影響もありませんが、札幌中心部などにアクセスするだけでもインバウンド混雑は常態化してきている。京都の混乱ぶりはよそ事とは思えない。
 おっと、いまは東北であります(笑)。あちこち知人へのあいさつも兼ねて、事前に仙台からレンタカーで北上していく作戦ですが、なかなか味わい深い光景、景観が迎えてくれる。早めに東北に入ってゆっくりホテルで各種原稿書き、講演データ仕上げと考えていたのですが、どうも集中が困難(笑)。なんとか本日、頑張りたい。
 写真は北東北の象徴のような「岩手山」の上空からのビュー。

English version⬇

New Chitose Airport, the gateway to Hokkaido, is on the verge of exploding due to overcrowding caused by the large number of inbound passengers . It is almost impossible to secure parking. The time and scenery in the normal Tohoku area is peaceful and relaxing. …

 The recent congestion at New Chitose Airport is incredible. In particular, the congestion on the “domestic” side of the airport has been overwhelming. First of all, the parking lots are completely full, and it is impossible to park within an hour during daytime hours for pick-ups and drop-offs. There are long queues at all entrances. There is also parking lot C, which is a little further away, but considering the access to the plane, parking lot AB is still the best choice.
 The AB car park has a capacity of 1,800 and 2,416 vehicles respectively. Compared to the 13,112 spaces in the five parking lots at Tokyo Haneda, 5,227 spaces, including 1.011 in Parking C, is roughly 40% of the total, which seems more than adequate considering the size of the population, but it is now on the verge of total dysfunction. Yesterday, my wife drove me to the airport, but we arrived around 10:00, well in advance of the scheduled departure time of 13:00, but there was already a long queue at the entrance to the parking lot.
 I wanted to enter the airport early and relax before leaving, but I had no choice but to drive 15 minutes by car to the roadside station Maoi Hill Park and back, and then to the car pick-up and drop-off point about an hour before. However, this time there was a long queue of cars to the pick-up and drop-off point itself!
 I managed to get dropped off the moment I was able to secure a stop for a few seconds. Oh no. The domestic boarding and disembarking area was packed with inbound and Japanese passengers from all over the world. It was like getting off the Yamanote Line in Tokyo! I checked in early and immediately entered the boarding area for the aircraft. Most of the passengers on the Sendai route were Japanese. And when I arrived at Sendai, the airfield was far from crowded and very “relaxed”. A breath of fresh air.
 I wrote about the inbound situation in Hokkaido the other day, but it is no longer just the special crowds during the Chinese “Spring Festival”. Well, it doesn’t affect the normal “living and working” population, but inbound congestion is becoming the norm, even just to access central Sapporo and other areas. The chaos in Kyoto is not something to be taken for granted.
 Oops, I’m in Tohoku now (laughs). My strategy was to rent a car and drive north from Sendai in advance to greet acquaintances here and there, but I was greeted by quite tasteful sights and scenery. I had planned to enter Tohoku early and spend some time at a hotel writing various manuscripts and finishing the data for my speech, but it is very difficult to concentrate (laughs). I hope to do my best today.
 The photo is an aerial view of Mount Iwate, which is a symbol of the north-eastern region.

 

【雪かきから一時解放、本日から東北太平洋側へ】


 さて、本日は東北・仙台空港に移動。2/25-26お両日の青森県での講演に備えて、久しぶりに東北の風に吹かれてみたいと思っています。ここのところ「十津川」の記事を続けていますが、26日までは札幌を離れることになるので、講演の準備もあり本日は小休止。記事の続きは出張先のホテルなどで気分も変えて続けることにしたいと思います。
 わたしは住宅雑誌事業の譲渡後、全国を歩いてあらたな「取材対象」を巡っていますが、カミさんのブーイングもあるので(笑)、冬の最盛期・降雪多量時期は、天候を見ながらできるだけ出張を避けています。わが家と周辺の駐車スペースなどの「雪かき」を女性一人に押しつけるのは避けるという意味合い。健康維持にすばらしい体動機会とはいえ、さすがにカラダにはコタえる。
 1月にも出張はしていたのですが、天候を睨みながら「この日程なら」という狙い撃ち。だいたい札幌では年間で15回くらいの「雪かき」が平均的でことしは本日朝もやらなきゃなりませんが、それも入れるとおおむね14回に到達。今日を過ぎればあと1回程度だというのですね。この予想当たるかどうか、ですが、しかし長年の経験則には強い蓋然性があると思います。それを信じての出張外出であります。
 写真は2/22放送のテレビ天気予報で、北海道の冬まっ盛りの「ダイヤモンドダスト」。気温が零下15度を下回ってそのほかの気象条件が重なると出現する真冬のファンタジー風物詩。この景色は北海道の青い池で知られる上川支庁・美瑛町の山間部でみられた映像だそうです。札幌でも何度かは経験した記憶がありますが、この冬はまだ札幌、零下10度ほどが下限なので、たぶん見られないでしょう。
 1月は記録的に少雪でしたが、2月に入っての「帳尻合わせ」ぶりは驚異的。いまや平年値を超えてきています。まぁそれでも足を伸ばして内陸部までドライブしたりすると「光の春」を実感。やわらかくて温かみのある陽光が、白い雪原に反射し空の青さとのコントラストで独特の季節感を呼び覚ましてくれる。演歌の「北国の春」(⇐古いっ)が耳奥に沸き立ってくるかのようです。
 ということで久しぶりの「転地」で気分も転換させてまた記述を続けますのでよろしく。

English version⬇

[Temporary relief from snow shoveling, today on the Pacific side of the Northeast]
“Diamond dust” image in weather report. Winter in the north, the polar regions. On the other hand, I also feel the “spring of light”. I want to change my mood and increase my will to express myself in a new place after a long time. The weather report shows images of diamond dust in the northern winter and the polar regions.

 Well, today I’m moving to Sendai Airport, Tohoku, to prepare for my speech in Aomori Prefecture on 25-26 Feb. I’m hoping to get some Tohoku wind for the first time in a while. I have been writing about Totsukawa for a while now, but as I will be away from Sapporo until 26 Feb, I have to take a short break today to prepare for my lecture. I would like to continue the article in a different mood at the hotel where I will be travelling.
 Since the transfer of my housing magazine business, I have been walking around the country to find new “interview subjects”, but my wife has been booing me (laughs), so I try to avoid business trips during the peak winter season and heavy snowfall as much as possible, depending on the weather conditions. The implication is that I avoid putting the responsibility of “shoveling snow” from our house and surrounding parking spaces on the shoulders of one woman. Even though the physical exercise sessions are wonderful for maintaining health, they are indeed hard on the body.
 I had already made a business trip in January, but I decided to take advantage of the weather conditions and aim for this date. In Sapporo, the average number of snow shoveling is about 15 times a year, and this year we have to do it again this morning, but if we include that, we have reached about 14 shoveling sessions. After today, there will be only one more shoveling. I’m not sure if this prediction will come true, but I think there is a strong probability based on many years of experience. I am going out on a business trip with this belief.
 The photo shows ‘diamond dust’ at the height of winter in Hokkaido, as shown in the TV weather forecast on 22 February. It is a midwinter fantasy-like phenomenon that appears when the temperature drops below 15 degrees below zero and other weather conditions combine. This image was taken in the mountainous area of Biei-cho, Kamikawa Branch Office, which is known for its blue ponds. I remember experiencing this in Sapporo a few times, but this winter is still Sapporo and the temperature is still 10 degrees below zero, so you probably won’t be able to see it.
 There was record low snowfall in January, but the “balance of the books” in February is astounding. It is now above normal. Even so, you can still feel the “spring of light” when you go for a drive inland. The soft, warm sunlight reflecting off the white snowfields and contrasting with the blue of the sky evokes a unique sense of the season. The enka song “Hokkoku no Haru” (⇐ old) seems to boil in the back of my ears.
 I will continue to write about this place after a long absence.
 
 
 
 

【大坂夏の陣の武功・槍役45家 十津川と「新十津川」-5】




 きのうは太閤検地でのこの十津川の詳細記録のことに触れたけれど、さらにそのあとの「大坂夏の陣」に際してこの地の人びとは徳川方に味方して武功を上げたとされる。その武功に対して江戸幕府は十津川の人びとに対して「扶持米」を与えて「槍役」という士分相当の身分を45家に対して与えている。
 領土としては広大な地域だけれど、米作という日本社会の基本的経済尺度には合致していないこの地の人びとに徳川幕府は、特別な身分制度を持って遇したということになる。全国を米作の収量を持って地域分割し、それぞれの地域支配権を「大名」家に与え、徳川家臣団に対しては旗本という身分を制度化したけれど、それらとも違った特殊な身分制をもって十津川の人びとは遇されたのだ。
 こういった歴史的な経緯が、連綿とこの地のひとびとの精神性を涵養していったのだろう。
 わたし的には、こうしたことのさらに背景には熊野三山に残る「八咫烏」の地域伝承が関わっているように想像が飛躍させられてしまう。


 神武東征譚では、熊野・楯ヶ崎に上陸した神武帝はそこからこの十津川の地を抜けて大和国に至るとされるけれど、その険しい山路を抜けるとき、八咫烏が先導したという故事がある。この東征譚はもちろん神話の世界とされるけれど、この十津川の人びとのDNAのなかにその残影を感じさせられてしまう。活動的に山の民らしく神武一統を先導する人びとに対し「八咫烏」というリスペクト表現を重ねたのか、と。
 日本の歴史の中で、きわめて特殊な伝承を形成してきた地域とは言えるだろう。
 そしてこの家、丸田家は上記の45家には入っていないけれど、幕末期・天保年間(1830-1843)以降には村方役人として苗字帯刀を許されていたという。
 同家に残されていた「丸田家文書」では江戸中期から明治維新期までの記録が詳細に書かれている。山林の売買記録、商売や村内での交流記録が主だけれど、その当時の江戸大阪での事件の情報や、幕末の情勢分析などまで、地域独自の知と情報の蓄積が残されている。山間の地でありながらきわめて情報に鋭敏なひとびとの意識水準を感じさせてくれる。
 こうした人びとの濃厚なDNAが北海道に直接伝承されてきたのだと考えると、血肉的なレベルでの「再発見」に深く驚かされる。遠くて近い、北海道と十津川。

English version⬇

The 45 families of spearmen and warriors of the Osaka summer campaign Totsukawa and the “New Totsukawa” – 5]
At the nexus of Japanese history, the people of Totsukawa show impressive feats. The “45 families of spearmen” are similar to the Hatamoto. Is there a connection with the image of Yatagarasu in mythology? …

 Yesterday, I mentioned the detailed records of Totsukawa from the Taikoo inspection, and later, during the Osaka Summer Battle, the people of Totsukawa are said to have sided with the Tokugawa and achieved military success. In response to their military exploits, the Edo Shogunate granted the people of Totsukawa “fukimochi” (rice with allowances) and “yariyaku” status, which is equivalent to the rank of shibu (warrior), to 45 families.
 The Tokugawa Shogunate treated the people of this vast territory, which did not conform to the basic economic scale of Japanese society of rice farming, with a special status system. The Tokugawa Shogunate divided the country into regions based on the yield of rice crops and gave the right to control each region to the “daimyo” family, and institutionalised the status of Hatamoto for Tokugawa vassals, but the people of Totsukawa were treated with a special status system different from these.
 This historical background must have cultivated the mentality of the people of this region for a long time.
 In my opinion, the local folklore of Yatagarasu in the Kumano Sanzan Mountains may have played a role in the background of these events.

 In the tale of the Jimmu expedition, it is said that Emperor Jimmu landed at Tategasaki in Kumano and passed through the region of Totsukawa to Yamato Province, and that Yatagarasu led him through the rugged mountain path. This tale of the eastern expedition is, of course, a myth, but we can feel the traces of it in the DNA of the people of Totsukawa. I wonder whether the people of Totsukawa have a respectful expression of ‘Yatagarasu’ for the people who actively led the Jinmu lineage as mountain people.
 In the history of Japan, this is a region that has formed a very special kind of local tradition.
 The Maruta family is not one of the 45 families mentioned above, but it is said to have been a village official and was allowed to wear the family name from the end of the Edo period (1830-1843) onwards.
 The Maruta family archives, which were left in the family, contain detailed records from the mid-Edo period to the Meiji Restoration. They mainly contain records of forest sales and purchases, business transactions and interactions within the village, but they also contain information on events in Edo Osaka at the time and analysis of the situation at the end of the Edo period, as well as a storehouse of knowledge and information unique to the region. The records give us a sense of the level of awareness of the people, who were extremely perceptive to information despite being in a mountainous area.
 When we consider that the rich DNA of these people has been passed down directly to Hokkaido, we are deeply surprised at the “rediscovery” of the region on a flesh-and-blood level. Hokkaido and Totsukawa: far and near.

 
 

【新著「作家と住空間」 2/25八戸と2/26十和田で講演】


 至急でのお知らせで失礼します。直前のお知らせになって申し訳ありません。
 すっかり告知を失念していたのですが、実は来週2/25八戸と2/26十和田で両日、東北電力青森支店さまからの依頼で講演を行う予定になっております。

 わたしは文芸系出版社の「幻冬舎」さんから2025.4.1予定で、電子書籍として
「作家と住空間〜北海道の住宅情報人が旅する日本人のこころ」を出版予定で現在追いこみ作業中です。
 これまで自分自身が住宅雑誌を出版してきましたが、そちらを事業譲渡して1年以上が経過。今後の生き方として住宅関連で、より人間性に寄った探究を思念してきました。
 一般的な住宅取材では施主さんの「生き様」はプライバシーそのものであり、基本的には触れることは避ける。しかし住宅は「暮らしのイレモノ」であり、そこで生きる人間性とは切っても切れない関係。
 そういう領域に踏み込むのに「誰もが知っている、しかもその内面に強い興味を抱く」人間とその住空間の強い「つながり」は、大きな未探究の情報領域だと思ってきたのですね。
 そこで「作家と住空間」というテーマを電子書籍でまとめてみた次第です。
 折からの住宅価格高騰の大波の中で、ユーザーの家を建てる意欲がやや削がれてきている情勢。そんな動向に対して「自分自身の本然・人間性への強いこだわりから家を建てる意欲」を探る企画です。
 たまたまお知らせした東北電力さまから、この出版企画に興味が寄せられ、以下のような日程で講演を依頼された次第です。

 東北電力さんの住宅ビルダー・関連事業者さん向けの機会ですが、一応、お知らせさせていただきます。万一のお問合せは、東北電力青森支店・販売本部 リビング営業まで。
<写真は内容の見本図案です。表紙は現在策定中>

 

【太閤検地記録、減税への希求 十津川と「新十津川」-4】



 さて十津川の歴史を深掘りしていると、さまざまな資料を再発見させられる。探訪時には「とりあえず資料類と思えるものは収集しといてあとでじっくり確認」とさまざまな資料類も基本的に写真に収めておく。で、じっくり「深掘り」する機会はなかなか作れない(笑)。人間の性〜さが。
 今回2024年4月に探訪した大阪豊中の民家園「十津川の家〜旧丸田家」の写真画像類をもとに、北海道・新十津川との縁を中心にと思って記述を始めたのですが、こちらの記録類の再発掘を始めたら過去の歴史にどんどん突入してきています。上の図版はその資料類の中の「太閤検地」記録文書図。
 「天正15年 日かへ(控えと推定)」「十津川 和州(大和国)吉野郡野尻村 金左衛門 佐介」とある。
 主な作物「いも・そば」と記述された畠からの収穫量とその畠の所有者の記載された文書。「いわむろ」という詳細地名が記され、その収穫地と作物・所有者について「一所畠 いも/そば 一石五斗 清四郎」という「租税根拠」書類が掘り起こされた。
 〜太閤検地は秀吉が天正10(1582)年に開始し、租税賦課の基礎条件を明確にするために日本全土で行った、山林を除く田畑の測量及び収穫量調査。日本初の全国規模の検地であり従前の荘園制的特権を打破し各土地の貢租(年貢)の徴収を容易にするため、荘・郷・保・里など区分が多々あった田制を統一して村制度を樹立させた。各耕地1筆ごとに1作人(一地一作人)を原則とし、土地は画一的に領主に直属させた。これによって荘園制時代よりも各耕地の所有関係が整理され、日本の近世封建制度の基礎が確立された。大化改新・地租改正・農地改革と並び、日本の歴史で重大な土地制度上の変革である。〜Wikiの要旨。
現代で言えば、三木奎吾 所得の方法とその年度の所得金額データみたいなモノに等しい。それまでが、おおまかに各地域集落単位程度の経済基礎の総量把握だけだったものが、各戸ごとの経済規模を直接把握したのだということに等しい。日本の政治統治の新段階を明瞭に示している。現代ではこの段階の「家単位」家制度からさらに詳細に個人単位に収奪構造が進化して行くけれど、いずれにせよ、政治権力による経済支配という「国家のコア」の記録といえるのでしょう。現代にいたるディープステートの実像を見る思い。ひとびとの「減税」への悲痛な思いがこの紙背に刻印されていると思える。

English version⬇

[Taikoo inspection records, the desire to reduce taxes Totsukawa and ‘New Totsukawa’ – 4]
Economic grasp of each piece of land owned by individual owners of raw households. Recalling the disasters of the modern deep state. The people’s desire for tax reductions that transcend time. …

 Digging deeper into the history of Totsukawa, we are forced to rediscover a variety of documents. When visiting, I basically take photos of the various materials, saying “I’ll just collect what I think are materials for now and check them carefully later”. But it is difficult to have the opportunity to delve deeper (laughs). Human nature.
 This time, based on the photographs and images of the Toyonaka Minka Garden in Osaka, which I visited in April 2024, I started to write about the relationship with Shin Totsukawa in Hokkaido, but when I started re-excavating the records here, I found myself plunging deeper and deeper into past history. The illustration above is a map of the “Taikō Kenshi” record among these documents.
 The text reads: “Tensho 15 nen hikakae (presumed to be an annex)” and “Totsukawa Wazhu (Yamato Province) Yoshino-gun Nojiri-mura Kinzaemon Sasuke”.
 Document describing the harvest from a field described as the main crops “potato and buckwheat” and the owner of the field. A detailed place name ‘Iwamuro’ is given, and a “tax basis” document was dug up for the harvest area, crops and owner: ‘Ichisho Hatake imo / soba, one stone five too, Seishiro’.
 〜The Taiko-kensetsu was a survey of fields, excluding forests and mountains, and the amount of harvested crops, which was carried out throughout Japan by Hideyoshi in 1582 to clarify the basic conditions for levying taxes. It was Japan’s first nationwide land survey, and unified the rice field system, which had been divided into many different categories such as Zhuang, Go, Ho and Ri, and established the village system in order to break down the manorial privilege and make it easier to collect annual tribute for each area of land. In principle, each piece of arable land was assigned to a single farmer (i.e. one farmer per piece of land), and the land was uniformly assigned directly to the lord. This system organised the ownership of each piece of arable land better than in the manorial system, and established the foundations of the early modern feudal system in Japan. Along with the Taika Reform, the Land Tax Reform and the Agricultural Land Reform, this was one of the most significant land reforms in Japanese history. ~Wiki abstract.
In modern times, it is equivalent to something like the Miki Keigo income method and income amount data for the year. It is equivalent to the fact that the economic scale of each household was directly grasped, whereas until then it was only possible to grasp the total economic basis of each local settlement unit. This is a clear indication of a new stage in Japanese political governance. In modern times, the structure of deprivation has evolved from this stage of the “family-based” family system to more detailed individual units, but in any case, it can be said to be a record of the “core of the state”, which is economic domination by political power. The image of the Deep State as it exists today. It seems that the people’s grief over the “tax cuts” is imprinted on the spine of this paper.
 
 

【十津川の歴史〜幕末まで 十津川と「新十津川」-3】




写真の家は大阪豊中の民家園に移築保存された十津川の有力者として知られる「丸田家」。北海道人にとって「十津川」というのは、明治開拓期の象徴的な「入植」の動きとしての記憶が強烈です。「新十津川」という入植した土地の地名が、いかにも母なる土地への「思い」を心に響かせてくる。2年ほど前に北海道人には非常に縁遠い「熊野詣」を果たしたとき、そこから大和平野・明日香方面に抜けてきた道中で「ここが新十津川の母村か……」と心理に残響し続けてきていた。三千六百峰と冠詞表現されるほどの深い山地と渓谷の自然環境。
 しかし十津川は、その歴史の一端を知るだけでもその深みに驚かされる。平安末期1142年には古文書に「遠津川郷〜とおつかわごう」という地名が見られるという。遠津川という地名の意味は都からははるかに遠い吉野山地の彼方の地域という意味だと。とはいえ、それは山地と渓谷という自然環境の成せる技であって、距離的には奈良や京の都に近くまた、熊野三山という古来からの列島社会の信仰拠点を控えて、中央の文化が古くから浸透していた。南北朝期という時代の成立を見ても、非常に興味深い。政権中央での戦乱に敗れてのがれ住んだ人物家系も多く、そうした子孫を中心に「十津川郷士」と呼ばれる層がかたちづくられてもいる。
 戦国末期の1588年の太閤検地によって十津川の領域が正式に認められる。しかし租税の基礎である水田がこの地域にはほとんどなく、畑作や林業などが生業であったことから赦免地として租税負担を免除されることになった。(石碑写真)司馬遼太郎「街道をゆく12 十津川街道」でも、この租税免除という伝統的な法制度体系がひとびとの意識に刷り込まれたDNAについて探究されている。
 そのような地域的な特殊性からか、政治的な感受性は鋭敏で、徳川幕府成立期にはその特性が発揮されていちはやく徳川に与力してこの租税免除権は継続された。
 わたし個人的な体感として、紀伊半島南部はながくその交通の不便さもあって訪れることがなかったのだけれど、一度このような訪問体験を持つと、今度は一転して無性に気になってしまう。
 遠くて近い、そして近くて遠い。そのような地域印象の極地のようなのだ。

English version⬇

History of Totsukawa – to the end of the Edo period Totsukawa and ‘New Totsukawa’ – 3
The ‘annual tribute forgiveness’ tax exemption dating back to the Taikoh land survey. The extraterritorial history of the area encompassing the centre of power and the ‘near but far’ mountains and valleys, as well as the Kumano faith. …

The house in the photograph is the ‘Maruta Family’, known as a prominent Totsukawa family, which has been relocated and preserved in the Minka-en in Toyonaka, Osaka. For Hokkaido people, ‘Totsukawa’ has a strong memory as a symbolic ‘settlement’ movement during the Meiji pioneering period. The name of the settled land, ‘Shin Totsukawa’, echoes in our minds how we ‘feel’ for the mother land: when I made a ‘Kumano Pilgrimage’ two years ago, which is very remote from Hokkaido people, on the way from there to the Yamato Plain and Asuka area, I thought ‘This is the mother village of Shin Totsukawa…’. The three thousand six hundred peaks and their crowns are the most important in the world. The natural environment of deep mountains and valleys is so deep that it is described by the article as ‘three thousand six hundred peaks’.
 The depth of Totsukawa, however, is astonishing even if one only knows a part of its history. In 1142, at the end of the Heian period (794-1192), the place name ‘Tootsukawa-go’ is found in ancient documents. The meaning of the place name Tootsugawa is said to be that of an area far from the capital in the Yoshino Mountains. However, this was the result of the natural environment of the mountains and valleys, which were close to the capitals of Nara and Kyoto, and the Kumano Sanzan, an ancient centre of worship in the archipelago, where the culture of the centre had long permeated. The establishment of the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is also very interesting. Many families of people who were defeated in warfare at the centre of the regime fled to live in the area, and a group of people known as the ‘Totsukawa Goushi’ was formed around their descendants.
 In 1588, at the end of the Warring States period, the territory of Totsukawa was officially recognised by the Taikō Kenshi. However, as there were few rice paddies, the basis for taxation, in the area and the people’s livelihoods depended on field cultivation and forestry, the area was exempted from taxation as a pardoned area. (Stone monument photo) Ryotaro Shiba’s Kaido yuku 12: Totsukawa Kaido also explores the DNA of this traditional legal system of tax exemption, which was imprinted on people’s consciousness.
 Perhaps because of such regional peculiarities, political sensitivities were keenly felt, and during the Tokugawa Shogunate’s establishment period, this characteristic was demonstrated and this right to tax exemptions was continued as soon as the Tokugawa were given power.
 I personally have not visited the southern part of the Kii Peninsula for a long time, partly because of its inconvenience in terms of transportation, but once I have had this experience of visiting the region, I have turned my attention to it.
 It is both far and near, and near and far. It is like the polar opposite of the impression of the region.
 
 
 

【明治22(1889)年の異常気象・大洪水 十津川と「新十津川」-2】



幕末明治の動乱期を経て、ようやく日本社会が新時代に向かって走り出そうとした時期。この奈良県十津川郷は勤皇の郷村として、明治維新戦争でも独自の存在感を示していた。司馬遼太郎の「街道をゆく」でも、この地の人びとのこの時期の気骨ある行動を丹念に記述している。
 そのプライド高き郷村を明治22(1889)年大水害が襲う。1月16日にはオーストラリアで最高気温が記録(摂氏53度)されるような「異常気象」ぶりだったとされる。日本に於いても、春から気象条件が安定せず、梅雨時期には長雨、夏に入ると日照りが続いていた。それが8/17になって一転して豪雨が始まった。この雨風は丸2日経っても治まらず郷村を流れる「十津川」の水はあふれ、土砂崩れで民家は流れ出し、くずれた土砂が各所で川の流れをふさいで60ヵ所もの「湖水」が作られるほどだった。死者は168人、家屋流失・半壊610戸。耕地や山林にも大きな被害が出た。県をまたいで和歌山県では同じ河川が「熊野川」になるけれど、この被害は流域の熊野本宮大社・大斎原にも襲いかかり多くの社殿が流された。 流失を免れた上四社3棟は現社地に移設され、大斎原には流失した中四社・下四社をまつる石造の小祠が建てられている。それまでの大斎原の大社は、およそ1万1千坪の境内に五棟十二社の社殿、楼門、神楽殿や能舞台など、現在の数倍の規模だったという。

 わたしは、この故事を胸に抱きながら年来の願望であった「熊野詣」を数年前に果たしたけれど、熊野から奈良県吉野に抜ける山岳地系、その谷地を縫うように流れる河川を体験しながら、北海道にも似た自然景観の荒々しさに深い感慨を受けていた。この地形と自然景観とが一体となって、日本社会に「熊野詣」という心象を形成したのだろうかと、北海道人としてなにか心理が通底するような思いを持った。
 この未曾有の大被害からの復元を目指して、十津川郷村は立ち上がる。歴史的な維新期の行動力から、多くの人材が中央で活躍していて、そういったかれらが明治政府に対して国家的な復興策を建言し、政治的な成果を生み出していって、折からの北海道開拓・移住への支援策を勝ち取っていくことになる。
 策定された北海道移住策に対して十津川郷村の移住希望者は総数600戸、2691名に上ったという。そして、同年10月には神戸港から北海道小樽に向けて出港した。北海道人としてなにか、血肉が騒ぐ思いが止まらない。

English version⬇

[Extreme weather and major flooding in 1889: Totsukawa River and the ‘New Totsukawa’ – 2].
The spirit of the entire township and village to rise up from the flood damage and move towards the development of Hokkaido in the Meiji era was violently shaken. …

This was a time when Japanese society was finally about to run towards a new era after the turbulent period at the end of the Edo and Meiji periods. This village of Totsukawa-go in Nara Prefecture was a hometown village of the Emperor and had a unique presence during the Meiji Restoration War. Ryotaro Shiba’s Kaido yuku (On the Road) also painstakingly describes the spirited actions of the people of this region during this period.
 In 1889 (Meiji 22), the pride of the village was hit by a major flood, and on 16 January it was said to have been an ‘abnormal weather event’ with the highest temperature ever recorded in Australia (53 degrees Celsius). In Japan, weather conditions have been unstable since spring, with long rains during the rainy season and continued sunshine in summer. Then, on 17 August, the heavy rains started. The rain and wind did not subside even after two whole days, and the Totsu River flowing through the township overflowed, causing landslides that swept away houses and created as many as 60 ‘lakes’ in various places where the river was blocked by debris and sand. The death toll was 168, with 610 houses swept away or half destroyed. Arable land and mountain forests were also severely damaged. In Wakayama Prefecture, the same river is known as the Kumano River, but the damage also hit the Kumano Hongu Taisha shrine in the basin, Osaibara, and many of its buildings were washed away. The three buildings of the upper four shrines that escaped being swept away were moved to the present site of the shrine, and a small stone shrine dedicated to the middle four and lower four shrines that were swept away was built in Osaibara. The former shrine in Osaibara was several times the size of the present one, with five buildings, 12 shrines, a tower gate, a hall for Shinto music and dance, and a Noh stage, all within a precinct of approximately 11,000 tsubo (about 1.2 square metres).

 I had this legend in mind when I fulfilled my long-held wish to visit Kumano a few years ago, and was deeply moved by the ruggedness of the natural landscape, which resembles that of Hokkaido, as I experienced the mountainous terrain that runs from Kumano to Yoshino in Nara Prefecture and the rivers that weave through the valleys. As a person from Hokkaido, I wondered if this topography and natural landscape had combined to form the mental image of ‘Kumano Pilgrimage’ in Japanese society, and as a person from Hokkaido, I felt as if my mind was somehow connected to this.
 The village of Totsukawa-go is rising up to recover from this unprecedented damage. Due to the historical power of the Meiji Restoration, many people were active in the central government, and they proposed a national restoration policy to the Meiji Government, which produced political results and won support for the development and emigration of Hokkaido.
 In response to the Hokkaido emigration policy formulated, a total of 600 households and 2,691 people wanted to emigrate to Totsukawa-go Village. In October of the same year, they set sail from the port of Kobe for Otaru in Hokkaido. As a person from Hokkaido, I can’t stop thinking that something is stirring in my blood.

 

【民家探訪再び 奈良県・十津川と北海道「新十津川」】




わたしは独立開業してから北海道地域のオリジナルの地域住宅雑誌を発行してきました。3才で親が北海道岩見沢近郊の農家から札幌(現在の札幌市中央区北3条西11丁目)に移住して食品製造販売業を営むことになり、当時の建売住宅を購入して住み始めた。その後、業態に即してまた業容拡大に即して毎年のように家を改造・改装・建て替えといった建築工事が繰り返されていた。
 15才で現在の札幌市西区二十四軒に工場兼用住宅を移転・新築するまでに、新築2回、増改築は毎年、というような住宅体験を繰り返していた。そういった幼年期〜青少年期の経験がトラウマ(笑)のように潜在意識に刷り込まれたのでしょうか。大学・就職の東京暮らしの一時期8年間を除いて北海道に生きてきた人間として、自分が独立開業するときに自然と「住」をメイン領域に選択した。北海道での暮らしの基盤は住空間と固く思ったのですね。
 以来、住宅探訪・体験が人生時間で積層していった。当然、高断熱高気密という寒冷地住宅革新のただ中で、そのルポルタージュが底辺を形成していった。事業譲渡後も関連企業の新設開業というカタチで関わり続けているワケだけれど、最近はより幅広く日本全国の公開住宅を見続けてきています。
 こういう体験が積み重なってきたので、今度、作家たちの住宅探訪体験をまとめる電子出版企画も進行中です。しかしそれだけではなくたくさんの「住宅探訪」記録・画像などが積層してきている。そんななかから、いくつかの住宅探訪記を綴ってみたい。
 ・・・という「事始め」記述できょうは終わりそう(笑)ですが、北海道人として非常に印象的な探訪・出会いだったのが、奈良県と和歌山県の境界山間部地域の「十津川」と北海道中央部の「新十津川」の縁を強く印象づけられた大阪豊中の古民家園での「十津川の家」。
 明治22年の記録的大水害で壊滅的損害を被った十津川から、新天地を求めて北海道に移住したその地域の家。あした以降、ちょっと掘り下げて見たいと思います。

English version⬇

Minka exploration again – Totsukawa, Nara Prefecture and Shin-Totsukawa, Hokkaido.
Return to the original theme area ‘house exploration’. We want to delve into the feelings of the Hokkaido people towards Totsukawa, who moved en masse to Hokkaido after the floods. …

I have been publishing an original regional housing magazine for the Hokkaido region since I started my own business.At the age of three, my parents moved from a farmhouse near Iwamizawa in Hokkaido to Sapporo (now Kita 3 Nishi 11, Chuo-ku, Sapporo) to run a food manufacturing and sales business, and I bought a house for sale at the time and began living there. Thereafter, building work such as remodelling, renovating and rebuilding the house was repeated every year in line with the type of business and the expansion of the business.
 By the time he was 15 years old, he had moved to a new house in Nijushiken, Nishi-ku, Sapporo, which is now used as a factory, and built a new house, which was newly built twice and extended and reconstructed every year. Were those childhood – youth experiences imprinted on his subconscious like a trauma (laugh)? As someone who has lived in Hokkaido, with the exception of a period of eight years living in Tokyo during university and employment, I naturally chose ‘housing’ as my main domain when I started my own business. You firmly believed that the foundation of life in Hokkaido was living space.
 Since then, housing exploration and experiences were stacked in life time. Naturally, the reportage formed the bottom line in the midst of the cold-weather housing innovation of high thermal insulation and airtightness. After the transfer of the business, I have continued to be involved in the newly-established business of a related company, and recently I have continued to see a wider range of open houses all over Japan.
 As a result of these experiences, I am now working on an e-publication project to compile the housing visits of the writers. However, there are also many more ‘house-hunting’ records and images that have been accumulated. I would like to write about some of them.
 The ‘Totsukawa House’ at an old private house garden in Toyonaka, Osaka, strongly impressed me with the connection between Totsukawa, a mountainous area on the border between Nara and Wakayama Prefectures, and Shin-Totsukawa, in the centre of Hokkaido.
 The houses in that area were built by people from Totsukawa, which suffered catastrophic damage in the record flood of 1889, who moved to Hokkaido in search of a new place to live. We will delve a little deeper into this from tomorrow onwards.