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【宿場町と市場経済 中山道・浦和宿の町家-6】




この浦和宿の荒物（雑貨）肥料店舗・旧綿貫家は、江戸時代後期には確実に浦和で商家を営んでいた。1844年当時に描かれた「宿並絵図」に記録が残されている。周辺環境は農業が主体の地域だから、比較的に需要の多い店舗だったのだろうと推測できる。
荒物とはザルやホウキ、チリトリなどの雑貨が主体。一方の肥料店はメインの肥料をはじめ砂糖・小麦などの仲卸と大口客相手の取引を営んでいたのだという。肥料にもそれぞれの作物毎に最適化された品種が存在して売買されていたことがわかる。
さらに浦和宿には、大名の参勤交代の旅宿があったとされている。東北地方・関東北部の大名家が行列を組んで大名自身は「本陣」と言われるメイン旅宿に泊まり、その他の随行員たちは「脇本陣」と呼ばれる旅宿に泊まった。この浦和宿の本陣は「星野権兵衛家」という家系が代々取り仕切っていたという。本陣敷地は約4000㎡（約1200坪）、主屋は700㎡（212坪）という広大な面積を誇っていたとされる。この建物は現在現存せず、その敷地跡には明治天皇がさいたま市の氷川神社行幸の折に立ち寄った記念碑が建てられている。江戸期の宿場町経済の実態を伝えているようです。
わが家の家系伝承では先祖たちは広島県福山市の山陽道・今津宿で、国造以来の家柄の名家「河本家」が営んでいた「今津本陣」とのビジネスで「英賀屋」という屋号で商家を営んでいた。江戸期の経済実態とは、こうした宿場町経済が地方においては中核的なビジネスだったのだとわかる。
肥前平戸の９代藩主・松浦静山が描いた「甲子夜話」に、宿泊した「今津本陣」での旅宿側の勤労奉仕ぶりが描かれているなかにわたしの先祖の動静も記されています。参勤交代という社会システムが地域経済にとってどういうものだったのかがよくわかる。江戸期の商業にとっていかに巨大機会であったことか。
そうした中核的なビジネスがあってさらに周辺的な商品・サービスが宿場町には集中していたのだろう。たまたま同様の宿場町の様子が保存移築されている浦和宿の様子から、わが家のことまでまざまざと先人の息づかいが皮膚感覚で伝わってくるような思いがする。


ということから若干スピンアウトして、昭和30年代（1958年）当時、札幌市中央区北３条西１１丁目で食品製造業を生業としていた当時のわが家の古い写真です。先日、浦和宿の煎餅屋さんの生業の様子を見たけれど、よく似たような写真で、若かった父親が中央で生産現場を見ている様子。食品製造の最終工程なのですが、その視線には先日の煎餅屋さんのご主人とおぼしき方と似た必死さが表れている。
江戸期から昭和30年代というスパンで見ても、日本人の経済の営みは連綿と受け継がれてきている感覚・同一感がある。180年前後の時間空間が通底してくるのですね。歴史時間の重量感。

English version⬇

The Postal Town and Market Economy: Townhouses in Urawa-juku on the Nakasendo Highway – 6
The actual situation of the economy of the inn town in the Edo period can be seen like a perspective drawing. The time of 180 years before and after the Edo period and the breath of the predecessors come together in one span of time. The house is a townhouse.

The former Watanuki family, which operated a fertilizer store in Urawa-juku, was certainly a merchant in Urawa in the late Edo period (1603-1868), as recorded in “Shukuninami Ezu” drawn in 1844. Since the surrounding environment is primarily agricultural, it can be assumed that the stores were in relatively high demand.
Rough goods are mainly miscellaneous goods such as colanders, brooms, and dust trimmers. The fertilizer store, on the other hand, was a wholesaler of fertilizers, sugar, wheat, and other commodities, and also dealt with large customers. It is evident that fertilizers were sold and traded in varieties optimized for each crop.
Furthermore, it is said that Urawa-juku was also a traveling inn for daimyo daimyo’s daimyo’s visits to the area. Daimyo families from the Tohoku region and the northern part of Kanto formed a procession, and the daimyo themselves stayed at the main traveling inn called “Honjin,” while the other attendants stayed at the “Wakihonjin,” or side inn. The main camp at Urawa-juku was managed by a family called “Hoshino Gonpei Family” for generations. The main camp site was approximately 4,000 square meters (about 1,200 tsubo), and the main building boasted a vast area of 700 square meters (212 tsubo). The building no longer exists, and a monument stands on the site where the Emperor Meiji stopped by during his visit to Hikawa Shrine in Saitama City. It seems to convey the reality of the inn town economy during the Edo period.
According to our family tradition, our ancestors ran a merchant house under the trade name of “Eigaya” in Imazujuku on the Sanyo Road in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, in business with the Imazu Honjin, which was run by the Kawamoto family, a prominent family since the Kokuzo period. The economic reality of the Edo period shows that this kind of lodging town economy was a core business in the local region.
In the “Koshi Yawa (Tales of Koshi)” written by Shizan Matsuura, the ninth lord of Hirado, Hizen Hirado, the movements of my ancestors are described in the description of the labor service of the innkeepers at the “Imazu Honjin” where the innkeepers stayed. It is easy to see how the social system of “Kan-kodogodai” (pilgrimage to and from work) was important to the local economy. It is clear what a huge opportunity it was for commerce in the Edo period.
With such core businesses in place, there must have been a concentration of peripheral goods and services in the inn towns. The Urawa-juku, which happens to be a preserved and reconstructed example of a similar inn town, gives me the feeling that I can feel the breath of my predecessors in my own home.

So, spinning out slightly from this, here is an old photo of our house at the time of the 1950s (1958), when we were making a living as a food manufacturing business in Kita 3-jo Nishi 11-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo. The other day, I saw a picture of a cracker shop in Urawa-juku, which was a very similar picture, but the father, who was young, is in the center watching the production site. It is the final process of food production, and his gaze shows a desperation similar to that of the owner of the senbei shop the other day.
The time-space of around 180 years is at the bottom of the story. The weight of historical time.

Posted on 7月 15th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

【用を満たす店舗群「荒物肥料屋」 中山道・浦和宿の町家-5】



日本の街道というのは、経済発展の基盤としての流通の大動脈。律令制国家システムが本格的に導入された奈良の首都建設で大陸国家・唐の都市計画を導入したときに本格的に「官道」が整備されたと伝わる。律令制時代に、中央と地方国府とを結ぶための幹線道路として整備された大型直線道路（五畿七道）などを指す。五畿七道とは、古代日本の律令制における広域地方行政区画。明治になって北海道が加わって五畿八道と呼ばれる。現在の日本各地の地方名の多く（東海、東山、北陸、山陽、山陰、北海道など）は、五畿七道(八道)に由来している。
余談ながらこうした官道整備と並行して輸送手段としての馬が輸入されていった歴史が重なる。列島には馬は自然的には存在せず、こうした官道・街道整備と一体のモノとして馬の輸入・生産も広がっていった。流通を起点とした古代社会での「技術革新」の実態を見る思いがしてくる。
ただ日本は海洋国家であり、物流では伝統的に水運が主力だったことで社会発展に於いて世界の中でも独自の進化をもたらしたように思える。海運・水運が大量輸送の主力であり大都市はそれらの港湾が基盤となり、一方陸路の要衝地というのはより農業を基盤とした流通路として発展したのだろう。この中山道・浦和宿は他の地域とは異なって全部が陸路という独自性がある。浦和宿は戦国時代に発生した「市」が発祥だと考えられている。それが江戸期に整備された中山道の宿場町として発展した。1844年当時で上町96軒、中町47軒、下町69軒の合計212店の商店の記録がある。旅籠・穀屋・水油屋・飲食店・建具屋・道具屋など多様な店舗群。
この浦和宿の２軒目の住居一体型の生業町家建築は「荒物・肥料」屋さん綿貫家であります。


中山道の旅客や周辺地域の人びとのさまざまな生活必需品などが商われたことだろう。旅籠・飲食店などを中心にして「歓楽」的要素も大きな吸引力を持って暮らしに彩りをもたらせたに違いない。そしてそうした交流の中から情報も伝達されていった。それもまた地域の人びとにとって生きる支えになったことだろう。周辺の農村的環境とは隔絶した「キラキラ」した地域存在としてあり続けたことだろう。
いわゆる住宅という「住むだけ」機能よりもより人間性の本質を刺激するのがこうした街区環境といえるだろう。どうもこのあたりの人間性の本然の部分が気になってきて仕方ない（笑）。
中山道を中心に裏通りまでの短冊形の地割りであり、建物の間隔1mほどの道があってそれに沿って店舗・蔵・物置・住居棟などが配置されている。綿貫家も間口４間を西に向けた配置図になっている。
前振りが長くなったので、店舗と建築については明日以降に続きます。

English version⬇

A group of stores that fulfill the needs of “Aramono Fertilizer Store” Machiya in Urawa-juku, Nakasendo – 5
The transportation network originating from “government roads” that brought “industry” to the archipelago. The exchange of people, goods, and money stimulates social evolution and the true nature of humanity. The “Nakayamamichi Urawa-juku” townhouses

Kaido in Japan is a major artery of distribution as a foundation for economic development. It is said that “official roads” were developed in earnest when the Ritsuryo system of state system was introduced in earnest when the city planning of the continental state Tang Dynasty was introduced with the construction of the capital city of Nara. The term refers to the large straight roads (Gokyo seven roads) and other roads that were developed during the Ritsuryo period as trunk roads to connect the central government with the local national governments. The Gokyo-Seventh Province was a broad regional administrative division under the Ritsuryo system of ancient Japan. In the Meiji era (1868-1912), Hokkaido was added to the list and the region was called the Ginki Hachimichi (Five Kinai and Eight Provinces). Many of the current names of regions in Japan (Tokai, Higashiyama, Hokuriku, Sanyo, San’in, Hokkaido, etc.) are derived from the Ginki seven provinces (eight provinces).
As an aside, the history of the importation of horses as a means of transportation coincides with the development of these official roads. Horses did not exist naturally in the archipelago, and their importation and production spread as an integral part of the development of these official roads and highways. This is a realistic picture of “technological innovation” in ancient society, with distribution as its starting point.
However, Japan is a maritime nation, and water transportation has traditionally been the main form of distribution, which seems to have brought about a unique evolution in social development. Sea and water transportation were the mainstay of mass transportation, and large cities were based on these ports and harbors, while key locations on land routes developed as distribution routes based more on agriculture. Unlike other areas, Urawa-juku on the Nakasendo Road is unique in that it is entirely an overland route. Urawa-juku is thought to have originated as a “market” that arose during the Warring States Period. In 1844, there were a total of 212 stores (96 in the upper town, 47 in the middle town, and 69 in the lower town). This diverse group of stores included inns, grain stores, water oil stores, restaurants, fixture stores, and tool stores.
The second house in this Urawa-juku, a living machiya building with an integrated dwelling, is the Watanuki house, a “rough goods and fertilizer” shop.

Various daily necessities for passengers on the Nakasendo route and people living in the surrounding areas must have been traded. The “entertainment” element centering on inns, restaurants, and other such establishments must have attracted people to the area and added color to their lives. Information was also transmitted through such interactions. This must have been another source of support for the local people. The area must have continued to exist as a “sparkling” community that was separated from the surrounding rural environment.
It can be said that this kind of town environment stimulates the essence of humanity more than the “living only” function of housing. I can’t help but be curious about the true nature of humanity in this area (laughs).
The land is divided in the shape of a strip of land centering on Nakasendo Road to the back street. There is a road with a distance of about 1 meter between buildings, and stores, warehouses, storehouses, and residential buildings are arranged along it. The Watanuki family also has a layout with a frontage of 4 ken, facing west.
Since the introduction has become lengthy, we will continue with the store and the architecture tomorrow or later.

Posted on 7月 14th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

【町家の地割りと現代型住宅地 中山道・浦和の煎餅店-4】




浦和民家園」を探訪するシリーズ第4回目。このシリーズの第一回目はこちら→【関東の古民家探訪「中山道の高野煎餅店」-1】

街道筋に面した立地というのは多様な人びとの交易・交流を基本に置いた「地割り」。間口が狭く、奥行きが長い敷地形状が合理的な土地利用法となっている。「町家型土地計画」とでも呼べるのでしょう。
日本では京都の町家がひとつの典型とされるけれど、別に京都だけに特別なものではなく、全国どこの地域でも普遍的にこの考え方で街区が形成された。民族の最新大都市である札幌でも「狸小路」が自然に生成した。
間口を狭くすることでたくさんの商家が単位距離あたりで密集性が高まって原初的な「にぎわい」演出として成立していったのだと思います。さまざまな商品・サービスが一覧的に展示されることで、ひとびとの購買意欲を高めていった効果があるのでしょう。たぶん人類普遍的な街区形成。多様な人間生活の要求に即して、しかもそれらが人間の交流を通して人情味ある発展をもたらしてきた。オープンな姿勢で入口を広く開口して、土間・小上がり的なお迎えインテリア空間＋生業のための開放的空間。
で、わたし自身もこういった街区が醸し出す人間交流の雰囲気のなかでこころが揺籃されていたと気付かせられる。この浦和の町家街区での深掘りで人びとの営みが非常に近しく感じられてならない。
一方で、戦後の高度成長・人口増加ではいわゆる「住宅専用地域」という、生業とは直接関連しない街区・住宅が大量生産されていった。現代での家づくりでは、基本的にこうした土地計画が主流になり、その街区の特徴・雰囲気とはほぼ無縁な平均的な街が形成されてきている。住宅も、街区とのかかわり、人びとのにぎわいとの調和という志向は基本的に持たない「個人主義的」な家づくりになってきていると言える。知人にはこういう現代住宅のデザインルーツとして生業を持たない江戸期の中級武家住宅を挙げるひともいる。
こうした現代型の都市計画と普遍的な伝統的町家建築・住宅との関係性・断絶性についてあまり考慮しなくなっていることに気付かされる次第。かつての町家街区では向こう三軒、両隣的な近隣との人間関係が強く存在していたけれど、現代住宅街ではそういった部分は希薄化してきている趨勢。
家づくりを考えて行くに当たって、こうした人間関係の環境要因について再度立ち止まって考えて見ることも重要なのではないだろうか。人間社会ではある方向に極端化が進んでいくと、反対側の要素が「揺り戻し」のような反応を見せて、やがて調和ということを志向するようになる。だとすると、見ているような「町家街区」が持っていたよき側面について考え直し、現代住宅に取り戻していくことが求められる可能性がある。
高断熱高気密化という肌感覚の進化要因のはるか先に生まれてくる住の需要要素として、そうした萌芽を注意深く見ていく必要性がある。言ってみれば「いごこち」の生体科学的満足度追求と、そのさらに先には別の環境的満足度要因が見出されていくということか。思索を温めていきたい。

English version⬇

Machiya lot layout and modern residential area: Nakasendo and Urawa rice cracker shop-4
Open architectural space to the street. Spatial design that gives full consideration to human interaction. What is the future of the modern closed town and housing? ・・・・.

The location facing a street is a “lot layout” based on trade and exchange among various people. The narrow frontage and long depth of the site make it a rational land use method. It could be called “machiya-style land planning.
In Japan, machiya houses in Kyoto are considered to be a typical example, but they are not unique to Kyoto, and town blocks were universally formed based on this concept in all regions of Japan. Even in Sapporo, the newest metropolis of Japan, “Raccoon Alley” was created naturally.
I believe that by narrowing the frontage, many merchant houses became more densely packed per unit distance, and it was established as a primitive “bustling” production. The display of a variety of products and services in a single location may have had the effect of increasing people’s willingness to purchase. Perhaps this is the universal formation of city blocks for human beings. The development of the district is in line with the diverse needs of human life, and has brought about humane development through human interaction. The open attitude, wide opening of the entrance, welcoming interior space like an earthen floor or a small room, and an open space for living and working.
I myself have been cradled in the atmosphere of human interaction created by these townhouses. The machiya district in Urawa has made me feel very close to the lives of the people.
On the other hand, during the postwar period of rapid economic growth and population increase, so-called “residential areas” were mass-produced, which were districts and houses that were not directly related to people’s livelihoods. In modern house building, such land planning has basically become the mainstream, and average towns have been formed that have almost nothing to do with the characteristics and atmosphere of the township. Houses are now being built in an “individualistic” manner, with basically no orientation toward harmony with the neighborhood or the bustle of the people. Some of my acquaintances point to the Edo period (1603-1868) middle-class samurai residences with no business as the design roots of these modern houses.
I am reminded that we no longer give much thought to the relationship and disconnect between modern urban planning and traditional machiya architecture and housing. In the past, machiya townhouses had a strong relationship with their neighbors, as if they were the other three houses or two neighbors, but in modern residential areas, such relationships are becoming less and less common.
When considering how to build a house, it is important to stop and think about these environmental factors of human relationships. In human society, when extremes are advanced in one direction, the opposite elements react in a “swinging back” manner, and eventually, the society will start to seek for harmony. If this is the case, it may be necessary to reconsider the good aspects of the “machiya district,” as we are seeing it, and bring them back into modern housing.
We need to carefully watch for the emergence of such a demand element for housing, which will emerge far beyond the evolutionary factor of high thermal insulation and high airtightness. In other words, we are pursuing bioscientific satisfaction in terms of “comfort,” and furthermore, we will discover another environmental satisfaction factor. I would like to continue my contemplation.

Posted on 7月 13th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 「都市の快適」研究, 住宅マーケティング | No Comments »

【都市での生存手段建築 中山道・浦和の煎餅店-3】




街道筋の立地を活かした「煎餅店」の看板と「店先」の様子がわかる写真。そして広い土間では毎日、煎餅製造の作業が繰り返された。使い込まれたカマドからは、まさに生業を支えた火力の力強さを感じさせられる。
３枚目の写真は昭和30年代のこの家での「生業」の様子とされている。個人的にわたしの父と面影が近似している。・・・江戸期までの社会は農業を基本立国戦略とした社会。武家支配の体制で米の石高によって経済の基本が計量された社会だけれど、田沼時代など、市場経済重視の「改革」も試みられていた。
明治の変革で関西経済を牛耳っていた三井や住友などの旧財閥系が出資することで明治政府軍が江戸幕府の体制をひっくり返すのだけれど、市場経済的社会発展の方向で大きく社会は変換していった。そういう社会改造は昭和まで継続してきたともいえる。
この浦和の煎餅店にはそういう社会変革の空気感が伝わってくる。
以前には栃木県宇都宮の駅前に今でも残っている商家を探訪したこともあるけれど、江戸期の市場経済、都市経済の実質が関東各地では一部で濃厚に残されてきている。たぶん江戸の街というのはこういった商家・家内制手工業の家が軒を接して街区を形成していたのに違いない。江戸から東京に一変していく中で都市景観のそうした残滓はほぼ一掃されていったのだろう。というか、最先端としてどんどんスクラップアンドビルドが進展して江戸社会の状況は感じられなくなっていったのだろう。


煎餅の原材料をこねて上の「型」で型抜きして、カマドに懸けた油で揚げて、醬油ダレなどにくぐらせてから網焼きした工程が写真展示されていた。写真を見る限り「家内制」というよりも近隣の女性労働力に支えられてこの家の生産は維持されていたように思う。この街道に面した建物部分は、生産の場、ビジネスの場として特化された空間だったのだろう。
ちょうどわたしの生家でも昭和30年代、こうした家内制手工業そのままの生業が営まれていた。わが家では男兄弟が５人いたので、それが労働主体となって生産が回転していた。徐々にパートなどの労働力が投入されていって事業規模が拡大した。生産労働の現場感、その雰囲気が通底していて、えぐられるような感覚を持ってしまう。子どもたちは早朝から必死の生産労働に従事した後、食事して学校に通っていた。わたしたち年代でようやく、周囲に「サラリーマン」世帯が居住するようになったけれど、子どもたちの家の大方はこうした生業感を維持していた。
令和の今の時代では、街からこうした息吹は消えて行きつつあるけれど、日本の都市の成立期とはこのような空気感がベースなのだと思える。意識的な文化継承が必要ではないだろうか。

English version⬇

The Architecture of Means of Survival in the City: Nakasendo, Urawa’s Sembei Shop – 3
Just 40-50 years ago, the air of subsistence was everywhere in Japanese cities. Is the modern “house just for living” really progress? …

This photo shows the signboard and “storefront” of a “sembei store” taking advantage of its location on a street. In the large earthen floor, the rice cracker manufacturing process was repeated every day. The well-worn kamado (a kind of wooden stove) shows the power of the fire that sustained the business.
The third photo is said to show the “livelihood” of this house in the 1950s. Personally, it is a close resemblance to my father. …Until the Edo period, society was based on agriculture as a basic national strategy. The economy was based on the amount of rice produced under the samurai rule, but during the Tanuma period, there were attempts at “reforms” that emphasized a market economy.
The Meiji government forces overturned the Edo shogunate system by investing in the former zaibatsu groups such as Mitsui and Sumitomo, which had controlled the Kansai economy during the Meiji Restructuring. Such social transformation can be said to have continued until the Showa period.
This rice cracker store in Urawa conveys the atmosphere of such social reform.
I once visited a merchant’s house that still remains in front of a station in Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture, and the substance of the market and urban economy of the Edo period is still strong in some parts of the Kanto region. The streets of Edo (present-day Tokyo) were probably made up of such merchant and cottage industry houses. As the city changed from Edo to Tokyo, these remnants of the urban landscape were almost completely wiped out. In other words, the state-of-the-art scrap-and-build process has progressed rapidly, and the conditions of Edo society can no longer be felt.

The photo exhibit showed the process of kneading the raw ingredients for the rice crackers, cutting them into molds, frying them in oil over a kamado, dipping them in shoyu sauce, and then grilling them. The photos suggest that the family’s production was maintained by the female labor force of the neighborhood, rather than a “cottage industry. The part of the building facing the street must have been a specialized space for production and business.
In the 1950s, my family was engaged in this type of cottage industry. There were five male siblings in my family, so production revolved around them as the main labor force. Gradually, part-time and other workers were brought in, and the scale of the business expanded. The on-site feeling of production labor and its atmosphere is so pervasive that it has a gut-wrenching effect. Children were engaged in frantic production labor from early in the morning, and then had to eat and go to school. Although “salaried” households finally began to populate the neighborhoods around my generation, most of my children’s families maintained this kind of work ethic.
In the current era of 2025, this kind of atmosphere is disappearing from the city, but I believe that the founding period of Japanese cities was based on this kind of atmosphere. We need to consciously carry on this culture.

Posted on 7月 12th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

【オシドリとの会話・オオウバユリ開花】




朝の散歩路、昨日、時間を掛けて信頼関係を作っている（？）オシドリの一家のうちの若いオスの個体、立木の上でのポージングを撮影させていただけました（笑）。ウレシイ。
いつもはまだ睡眠中というケースが多いのですが、そのなかで元気のいい個体、羽毛の色合いからは若いオスとおぼしき個体が、それほどの警戒心を見せることなく、素直にカメラ目線を受容してくれていました。まぁそれでもわたしの存在を強く意識して、基本的には視線からの脱出を図るように水面に飛躍するほんの少しの時間だけ、「まぁ少しくらいは警戒を緩めてやる」という様子。
「その装置、危害を加えるものではないのだよね？」とでも語りかけられているよう。わたしが向けているiPhone装置がそれほどの危険器具ではないという判断をしてくれて、水におりていくほんの10数秒間、カメラ目線に応えるように姿態をさらしてくれた。
観察していると強い警戒心の表現としては尾羽を細かく左右に振るのがかれらの生態のように思っていますが、そういう仕草は見られなかった。これでもかなりの進歩ではないかと、自然観察経験知の少なさから勝手に悦んでおりました。イキモノとの対話の糸口のように多少は思える。
すっかり気を良くして散歩道を歩いて行くと、今度はここのところ毎日のように変化を見せているオオウバユリに決定的大変化に遭遇。
ついに分枝した花芽たちのなかから「開花」の瞬間を迎えた個体が散見された。
ユリという名前の通り、細い花房の先端部分が大きく広がっていく。こういう様子はこの種独特の美の訴求として妖艶というようにも見えるし、また、可憐というようにも思える。どちらにせよ、北海道の自然が生み出す女性的な美しさの表現のように感じています。これからしばらくは印象深い美感を楽しませてもらいたいと思います。
いまのところ、花芽はやや下の方を向いて開花している。重力を考えてやや下方に向けて花を開いてそのあとで徐々に姿勢をまっすぐに「立ち上がっていく」ようになるのです。
開花した個体を探しながらシャッターを切っていると、ちょうどカタツムリがオマケでくっついているヤツもあった（笑）。
ながいいのちの営みの末にようやく開花した瞬間に、不粋なカタツムリがお邪魔したようでもあり、そういう運命にたまたま遭遇した花芽の「定め」のようでもある。観察者としてはこういう偶然こそが生きることそのものだなぁとも思われる。花芽とカタツムリのふたつのいのち、マグリットの絵画の「偶然の出会い」のようでもありました。まことに北国の夏、本番。

English version⬇

Conversation with a mandarin duck and the blooming of a Siberian lily
Two unique seasonal expressions of northern summer. The brightness of life plays its own symphony in the midst of nature. The two subjects are as follows.

Morning walkway, yesterday, we spent some time building a trusting (?) relationship. I was able to photograph a young male member of a family of mandarin ducks, posing on a standing tree (lol). (Laughs.) How nice.
Usually, most of the mandarin ducks are still sleeping, but one of the young male mandarin ducks, which looked like a young male from the color of its feathers, was not so alert and accepted the camera’s gaze without hesitation. He was still very conscious of my presence, and only for a short time, when he basically leapt to the surface to escape my gaze, he seemed to say, “Well, I’ll let my guard down a little bit.
That device, it’s not meant to harm you, is it?” It is as if he is saying to me, “Well, I’m going to let my guard down a little bit, aren’t I? He decided that the iPhone device I was pointing at him was not that dangerous, and for a mere 10 seconds or so, as he descended into the water, he showed his body as if he were looking at me for the camera.
I have observed them wagging their tail feathers from side to side as an expression of their strong alertness, but I did not see such a gesture. I was pleased with myself because of my limited experience in observing nature. It seems somewhat like a clue to dialogue with Ikimono.
I walked along the path, feeling completely at ease, and encountered a decisive change in the daylily, which has been showing changes every day recently.
Finally, among the flower buds that had branched off, there were some that had reached the moment of “blooming.
As the name “lily” implies, the tips of the thin flower clusters spread out. This appearance can be seen as bewitching or dainty, as an appeal to the unique beauty of this species. Either way, I feel it is an expression of feminine beauty produced by the nature of Hokkaido. I hope to enjoy its impressive beauty for some time to come.
At the moment, the flower buds are blooming facing slightly downward. Considering gravity, the flowers open slightly downward and then gradually “stand up” in a straight posture.
As I was taking the shutter to look for blooming individuals, I found one with a snail attached to it as a bonus (laugh).
It was as if an unscrupulous snail had interrupted the moment when the flower finally blossomed after a long life’s work, or as if it was the “destiny” of a flower bud that happened to meet such a fate. As an observer, this kind of coincidence seems to be the very essence of life itself. The two lives of the flower bud and the snail are like the “chance encounter” in Magritte’s painting. Summer in the north is really in full swing.

Posted on 7月 11th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

【懐かしい家内制食品手工業 中山道・浦和の煎餅店-2】




当たり前のことですが、日本人は社会の中で必死に生きてきた。わたしたちが現在にまで生き延びてきたのは、先人たちが必死に生業を営んできたことのおかげ。この浦和の古民家には強く感じさせられる。
という感覚には時代背景、この煎餅店の立地、生業ともわたしの生家と近似点が多いことがある。幕末から明治の混乱期にこの家は大きな街道筋である中山道に面した立地で、そこそこの都会である浦和で、たぶん旅人などの移動者に対して、食品を提供していのちを繋いできた。
わたしの生家は、札幌の石山通という南北の幹線道路に面した敷地で食品製造業を戦後の混乱・復興期から開始して、なんとか家族を養ってきた。
展示されていた家内制手工業らしい生産風景の写真に見入っていて、わが家との類似性に激しく共感の思いを抱いた次第なのです。撮影されている女性たちの表情に母親の面影をすら感じてしまう。
街道に対して間口を大きく開口して道行く人たちに手軽な食品を提供することで、いつの世にも確実な食品で生業を確保しようという生存戦略。わたし自身はまだ３才だったので、そのような父母の考え方はわからなかったけれど、戦後の混乱期を超えてそれまでの農家をやめて札幌という北海道最大の都市に一家を挙げて移住したという、そういう生き方の選択ではまったく同じように感じている。


そんなふうな感慨を持って見ていると、当時の街路地図、そこに表現された商店名などにもどこか、既視体験のような空気感を感じさせられる。もっと言えば、活字ではなく手書きと思われる文字にも、それ以前の日本社会からの伝統的価値感のようなものまで匂い立っている。
わたしたち社会の根源の姿、その一端が表現されている。
〜「せんべい」の起源は、空海が中国から持ち帰った説、千利休の弟子が考案した菓子の由来説、草加のおせんさんという人が旅人から教わって団子の残りを焼いたのが始まり説とか、種々言い伝えがある。団子状のもちを焼いて食べることは弥生時代にはすでに普及していた。しかしこれはあくまでも主食で、間食として菓子の性格を持つものは室町時代以降であり、江戸時代になって多くの名物せんべいが誕生した。江戸時代に「せんべい」と称したのは小麦粉に砂糖を混ぜて練り焼いたもの。「塩せんべい」は下級品とされ、農家が残り飯を煎って蒸し塩を混ぜて伸ばしてから竹筒で丸形に抜き、天日干しして炭火で焼いたのが始まりとされる。塩せんべいにしょうゆが用いられ現在のようになるのは1645年以降。江戸に近い町屋、千住、金町、柴又、草加などで繁盛した。とりわけ奥州街道宿場町・草加の「草加せんべい」は「塩せんべい」を代表するほどの人気となった。・・・参考/全国米菓工業組合「米菓とともに半世紀（50周年記念誌）」〜
弥生時代かよ（笑）。まことに深遠な日本人の食の世界。・・・

English version⬇

Nostalgic Domestic Food Handicraft Industry: Nakasendo, Urawa’s Sembei Shop-2
The universal survival strategy of the Japanese people from their parents’ generation to prehistory. The unchanging business of food production. The control of the cultural flow path called “Kaidou-suji”. The

Japanese people have struggled to survive in society. We have survived to the present day thanks to the desperate efforts of our predecessors to make a living. This is a matter of course, but this old house in Urawa makes me feel it strongly.
The reason is that the historical background, the location of this rice cracker store, and its business have many similarities to my family’s. The house was built during the period of turmoil from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period. During the turmoil from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, this house was located facing Nakasendo, a major roadway in Urawa, which is a reasonably urban area, and probably provided food to travelers and other mobile people to sustain their lives.
My family started a food manufacturing business on a site facing Ishiyama-dori, a major north-south road in Sapporo, during the postwar turmoil and reconstruction period, and has managed to support my family.
As I looked at the photos on display of production scenes that were typical of a cottage industry, I felt a strong sense of empathy for the similarities with my own family. The women in the photographs even have the look of their mothers on their faces.
The strategy of survival is to secure a livelihood with reliable food products by opening a wide frontage to the street and offering easy food products to people on the street. I myself was only 3 years old, so I did not understand such a way of thinking of my parents, but I feel the same way about their choice of life, which was to quit farming and move to Sapporo, the largest city in Hokkaido, after the chaos of the postwar period.

Looking at the map with this kind of emotion, the street maps of the time and the names of stores expressed on them also give one a sense of déjà vu. More specifically, even the handwriting, which appears to be handwritten rather than typed, evokes a sense of traditional values from the Japanese society of earlier times.
The work expresses a part of the roots of our society.
〜The origin of “senbei” is said to have been brought back from China by Kukai, or from a confection invented by a disciple of Sen no Rikyu, or from a baked dumpling leftover by a Soka resident named Osen-san, who learned it from a traveler. The practice of baking and eating dumpling-shaped glutinous rice cakes was already widespread during the Yayoi period (710-794). However, this was only a staple food, and it was not until the Muromachi period (1333-1573) that it took on the character of a snack, and it was not until the Edo period (1603-1867) that many specialty rice crackers were born. In the Edo period, “senbei” were made by kneading and baking wheat flour mixed with sugar. Shio senbei” was considered a lower class product, and is said to have originated when farmers roasted leftover rice, mixed it with salt, stretched it out, cut it into rounds in bamboo tubes, dried it in the sun, and baked it over a charcoal fire. It was not until 1645 that soy sauce was added to salt rice crackers. They thrived in the town houses near Edo (Tokyo), such as Senju, Kanamachi, Shibamata, and Soka. In particular, “Soka senbei” from Soka, a post town on the Oshu highway, became so popular that it represented “shio senbei” (salted rice cracker). Reference: National Rice Cracker Industry Association, “Half a Century with Rice Crackers (50th anniversary commemorative magazine)
The Yayoi Period? The world of Japanese people’s food is truly profound. ….

Posted on 7月 10th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 古民家シリーズ | No Comments »

【関東の古民家探訪「中山道の高野煎餅店」-1】




弊社ではこの夏８月にReplanの「関東の工務店と建てる（仮題）」を発刊します。地域工務店の家づくりをより身近に、深く、広く情報拡散するのがReplanの創刊以来のスタンス。そういうメッセージ性を首都圏で住宅を希望されているみなさんに情報発信いたします。関東地域での出版は、2010年ー2011年に掛けて「Replan関東」として３号まで発刊していましたが、東日本大震災の大混乱に遭遇してしまい一時休止。その後、2019-20年に再度チャレンジを開始していましたが、今度は世界的感染症の影響でやむなく延期、という波瀾万丈の末の出版計画。
「よりあたたかく省エネな家」を目指して、北海道から開始された日本の「高断熱高気密」住宅進化が多くのユーザーから注目され、関東以南地域でも先進的に建設している工務店ビルダーのみなさんが地域から大きな支持を獲得してきています。そうした息吹、実際の家づくりのReplan的なルポルタージュを多くのみなさんに訴求いたします。刊行スタイルとしては紙とWEBの両方での情報拡散を期しています。ぜひ、出版に際しては書店などで手に取ってごらんいただきたいと思います。
ということで準備的に「関東の家づくり」についての歴史フィールドワークも個人として行ってきています。北海道が弊社のホームですが、現代に連なる「高断熱高気密」住宅の流れは、明治以来の開拓の歴史、積雪寒冷という自然条件のなかでの住宅技術進化が大きな支えだった歴史を背負っています。それぞれの地域で先人がどんな労苦を重ねてきたのか、現代に活かすべき生活文化の探究が不可欠でしょう。
そんなことから、関東の古民家的・歴史的な住宅をこれまでも連年、探訪してきて住宅文化を学ばせていただいています。今回は埼玉県浦和市に残る「浦和民家園」の探訪記。
１軒目は浦和市内中心街区の旧「中山道」沿いに建てられていた煎餅屋さん・高野煎餅店です。建物としては1855年の新築時に安政の大地震に遭遇した言い伝えが残っているという。その建物を、明治の初め頃にちょうど中山道を挟んで向かい側で開業していた「高野煎餅店」が買い取ったもの。したがって現在、築後168年の移築建築ということになります。北海道の開拓時代よりもさらに古い店舗建築が再生保存され、現代にも幕末から明治初期の時代の鼓動を伝えてくれている。北海道人としてはその歴史と先人の息づかいの生々しさに感動させられる。
主要街道沿いの宿場町・浦和の１等地だったということですね。煎餅屋という業態がこの明治初年時代にはそういった投資に応えられる利潤を生み出していたことにまずは、大きく気付かされる。
さて、前振りも長かったので、この項、明日以降に連載で続けます。

English version⬇

Old Houses in the Kanto Region: “Takano Sembei Shop on Nakasendo Road”-1
Replan is planning to publish a book in Kanto area this summer. As fieldwork for this project, we are learning about the lifestyle and culture of our predecessors. The Urawa merchant houses and sembei shops from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period. …

Our company will publish Replan’s “Building with Kanto’s Construction Companies (tentative title)” this summer in August. Replan’s stance since its inception has been to spread information on home building by local construction companies in a more familiar, deeper, and broader manner. We will be sending this message to everyone in the Tokyo metropolitan area who is interested in building a house. In 2010-2011, we published three issues of “Replan Kanto” in the Kanto region, but we had to pause for a while due to the chaos caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. After that, we had started to try again in 2019-20, but this time we had no choice but to postpone the publication due to the global infectious diseases.
The evolution of Japan’s “highly insulated and airtight” houses, which started in Hokkaido, has been attracting attention from many users, and even in the Kanto region and southward, advanced construction companies have been gaining significant support from the local community. We are appealing to many people for such a breath of fresh air, Replan-like reportage of actual house building. The publication style is intended to spread information both on paper and on the Internet. We hope that you will pick up a copy and look at it at a bookstore or the like when it is published.
In preparation for the publication, I have been personally conducting historical fieldwork on “house building in the Kanto region”. Hokkaido is the home of our company, and the current trend toward “highly insulated and airtight” houses is based on the history of pioneer settlements since the Meiji period and the evolution of housing technology under the natural conditions of snowy and cold weather. It is essential to explore what kind of labor and hardships our ancestors went through in each region, and what kind of lifestyle and culture we should utilize in the modern age.
For this reason, we have been exploring old and historical houses in the Kanto region for many years in order to learn about housing culture. This time, we are going to visit the “Urawa Minka En” in Urawa City, Saitama Prefecture.
The first house is Takano Sempeiten, a rice cracker shop built along the old “Nakasendo” road in the central district of Urawa City. As for the building, there is a legend that it encountered the Ansei Earthquake when it was newly built in 1855. The building was purchased by “Takano Sembeiten,” which had been in business just across the Nakasendo around the beginning of the Meiji period. Therefore, it is now a 168-year-old relocated building. The store architecture, which is even older than Hokkaido’s pioneer days, has been revitalized and preserved, and it carries the pulse of the era from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period to the present day. As a Hokkaido native, I am moved by its history and the vividness of its predecessors’ breath.
So it was a first-class location in Urawa, an inn town along a major highway. First of all, we are greatly impressed by the fact that the business of a sembei shop was generating profits that could meet such an investment in this early Meiji era.
Now, since the preface was long, I will continue this section in a series from tomorrow onward.

Posted on 7月 9th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 古民家シリーズ | 1 Comment »

【電気代高騰時代の生活コンパクト化志向・PV活用】



昨日取り上げたZEH達成の北海道深川市のアパートメントの続篇です。きのうは太陽光発電の効率についての北海道地域での挑戦事例という側面を取り上げました。事実、新住協例会での森栄建設の森下社長の発表およびその資料からはそういった側面が強調されていました。
ただ、わたしとしては発表者の発言の中にあった一節が気に掛かっていた。
「こちらは賃貸住宅であり、新築計画段階ではそこそこ反応があって予約的には満室状態だった。しかし、新築が完成してその家賃を発表して入居契約を募ったところ、全部キャンセルになった」
「確かに各戸25坪ほどの賃貸住宅で月98,000円と見かけ上は高いと思われるかもしれません。しかし家賃の中には電気代・冷暖房費・除雪代・駐車場（車庫１台分+平置き１台の計２台分）・Wi-Fi使用料がコミコミで含まれています。これ以外にかかる生活光熱費は水道代のみです。」
というようにアナウンスをして再度募集したら、すぐに満室になったというのです。
ユーザー反応という部分ではこのような部分にホンネがハッキリと表現されていると思います。
新住協という住宅建築の技術研究団体での発表ということで、この部分はほんのさわりしか触れられていなかったのですが、ユーザーと住環境として考えればこっちの方がはるかに有為なポイント。残念ながら、このポイントについてはそれ以上のツッコミはなかった。で、発表後は鎌田先生の講演が続いてあったので掘り下げ取材はできていませんでした。
あらためて森栄建設さんのHPなどをチェックし、このポイントに沿って追加探究。やはり現代生活者の住まいに求めるものがそこには表現されていることが明らかになってきた。

この賃貸住宅はオール電化仕様であり暖房費用は電気代にすべて含まれている。これが大きい。除雪代・駐車場（２台分）・Wi-Fi使用料は北海道ということで必要不可欠な生活インフラ。水道代が各戸別になっているのは深川市の公共料金システム上の制約ということか。ここでのポイントは暖房費と一体の電気代が家賃にコミコミという部分。
こういう賃貸料金の条件であれば、建築全体で可能になった太陽光発電での収支を含めた電気料金を全体計算して各戸に平均で割返すという手法を提示すればユーザー理解を得ることは可能だと思われる。
太陽光発電装置は全戸で共同負担しなければ公平性に欠けることになることと、なにより北海道民として冬期の暖房費用も不可欠なインフラそのものであるという共通認識がある。
わずらわしい生活コストのコントロール、節約の工夫という部分で全戸共有の共通理解が計られやすかったということ。戸建て注文住宅の場合以上に、こういった生活リアリズム・コンパクト志向について共通認識が浸透しやすいのだろう。
太陽光発電についてこのように「公共インフラ費用削減策」と考えて活用する視点は、戸建てではなく賃貸住宅というケースだからこそ、はじめて正視させられた思いがします。

English version⬇

[Compact lifestyle orientation and PV utilization in an era of rising electricity costs
The ability to judge the realism of users’ lifestyles in a remarkable and clear way that is typical of rental housing. The means to fight against the era of exploding electricity bills. The means and utilization techniques to fight against the era of exploding electricity bills.

This is a continuation of yesterday’s coverage of an apartment building in Fukagawa, Hokkaido, which has achieved ZEH. Yesterday, we discussed the challenge of solar power generation efficiency in the Hokkaido region. In fact, the presentation by Mr. Morishita, president of Moriei Construction Company, at the Shinjyukyo meeting and its materials emphasized this aspect.
However, I was concerned about a passage in the presenter’s remarks: “This is rental housing.
The presentation was about a rental house, which was fully occupied with reservations due to the response at the planning stage of the new construction. However, when the new building was completed and the rent was announced, all the contracts were cancelled.
He continued, “Indeed, 98,000 yen per month for a rental house of about 25 tsubo each may seem high at first glance. However, the rent includes electricity, heating and cooling, snow removal, parking (for one garage plus one flat for a total of two cars), and Wi-Fi usage. The only other utility cost is the water bill.”
When the company made an announcement to the public again, the rooms were fully booked right away.
In terms of user response, I think this clearly expresses the true feelings of the users.
This part of the presentation was given only in passing because it was given at the Shinjyukyo, a technical research organization for housing construction, but from the perspective of users and the living environment, this is a much more useful point. Unfortunately, there were no further tidbits on this point. After the presentation, Dr. Kamata’s lecture followed, so we were not able to cover it in depth.
Once again, I checked Moriei Kensetsu’s website, etc., and did additional exploration along this point. It became clear that what modern sei-katsu-sha are looking for in a home is expressed there.

This rental house is all-electric and all heating costs are included in the electric bill. This is significant. Snow removal, parking (for two cars), and Wi-Fi usage fees are essential infrastructure for living in Hokkaido. The water bill is separate for each house, which may be a limitation of Fukagawa City’s utility rate system. The key point here is that the electricity bill, which is combined with the heating bill, is included in the rent.
Under these rental rate conditions, it would be possible to gain the understanding of users by calculating the entire electricity bill, including the income and expenditure from the photovoltaic power generation made possible by the entire building, and then averaging the amount of the electricity bill for each unit.
It would not be fair if all households did not share the cost of solar power generation equipment, and above all, there is a common understanding among Hokkaido-area residents that the cost of winter heating is an indispensable part of the infrastructure itself.
This means that it was easy to achieve a common understanding shared by all households in terms of controlling the troublesome cost of living and saving money. This kind of realism and compactness is probably more easily shared than in the case of custom-built detached houses.
This perspective of using solar power generation as a “public infrastructure cost reduction measure” is something that I think I was able to see for the first time because this was a case of rental housing, not a detached house.

Posted on 7月 8th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング | No Comments »

【北海道・深川（省エネ2地域）の太陽光発電年間実測データ】



さて先日6/24新住協北海道・旭川例会での発表から。メゾネットタイプの６戸入居の賃貸アパート・総延べ床面積499.85㎡（151坪ほど）への太陽光発電設置・ランニングの実測値が発表されていた。
建物の性能としては0.17-0.2のUa値（外皮平均熱貫流率）。外壁に面した住戸が0.2で中間戸が0.17という性能レベル。
建設地の北海道・深川市は省エネ基準の地域区分では２地域だけれど、限りなく１地域に近い条件ではないかと思われる。年最低気温は零下21.5度。年間降雪量は929cm。近隣の１地域の代表都市・旭川が年最低気温零下41.0度、年間降雪量は557cmというのと比較すると寒さは厳しくはないけれど、降雪ははるかに多い多雪地域。ということでむしろ太陽光発電には不向き。という地域特性。
地域工務店として高断熱高気密住宅に取り組んでいる森栄建設さんが建設し、その後の実績値を測定し続けた事例です。北海道は太陽光発電にとって条件が非常にキビシイ地域ですが、そのなかでも多雪ということではほぼ最悪の条件の地域ということになると思われます。
そういう気候条件下で設置した太陽光発電は屋根面6.75Kwで、当然冬期間は積雪で発電できないので壁面にも設置しています。南面6.75Kw、西面7.875Kwで合計は21.375Kw。外観写真は西面側から南面を見た視野になります。密集地域ではないので日射取得条件としては日影の影響は少ない。


上の図が実測データのグラフと表になります。屋根面は12月から２月までほぼ発電せず、３月からは急回復する。一方で壁面設置では冬期間でもそこそこの発電効率を示している。発電率の指標では、屋根面の100%に対して南面設置で90.7%、西面設置で58.5%。トータルとしてはZEHを達成している事例となっていました。
先述したように北海道地域は太陽光発電に非常に慎重な地域心理を持っている。積雪条件から屋根面設置では冬場の３ヶ月は発電せず、積雪荷重に対する対処にもっとも腐心する地域の住宅の作り手にとって、その屋根の建築条件でそれをさらに複雑化する機器の設置によるトラブルは基本的に避けたいところ。
まことに「課題の最先端地域」たる由縁と言えるでしょう。そういった地域性の中であえてこうした取り組みを行ったフロンティア精神には拍手を送りたい。
新住協・鎌田先生からも「非常に貴重なデータとして新住協としても解析したい」という発言がありました。積雪寒冷地での太陽光発電のひとつの先行事例として研究が進められて、より合理的な判断基準が確立していくことを期待したいと思います。

English version⬇

Annual Measured Data of Solar Power Generation in Fukagawa, Hokkaido (2 energy-saving regions)
Fukagawa City is at the forefront of the challenge, and has the heaviest snowfall climate in Hokkaido. The frontier challenge is to further improve the performance of facilities based on the wealth of insulation experience and knowledge. The frontier challenge to the equipment performance.

Now from the presentation at the recent 6/24 Shinjyukyo Hokkaido/Asahikawa meeting. The presentation was on the actual measured values of the installation and running of a photovoltaic power generation system in a maisonette-type rental apartment with six units and a total floor area of 499.85 m2 (about 151 tsubo).
As for the performance of the building, the Ua value (average thermal transmittance coefficient of the outer skin) of 0.17-0.2. The performance level is 0.2 for units facing the exterior wall and 0.17 for intermediate units.
Fukagawa City in Hokkaido, where the house was built, is classified as an area 2 under the energy conservation standard, but the conditions seem to be as close to area 1 as possible. The annual minimum temperature is 21.5 degrees below zero. Compared to Asahikawa, a representative city of one region, where the annual minimum temperature is 41.0 degrees below zero and the annual snowfall is 557 cm, it is not as cold, but the snowfall is much heavier. This makes the area unsuitable for solar power generation. The area’s characteristics are such that it is not suitable for solar power generation.
This is a case where Moriei Construction, a local construction company working on highly insulated and airtight housing, built the house and continued to measure the actual performance afterwards. Hokkaido is a region with extremely harsh conditions for solar power generation, and it is considered to be one of the worst regions in terms of heavy snowfall.
The photovoltaic power generation system installed in such climatic conditions is 6.75Kw on the roof surface, and of course, it is also installed on the wall surface during winter because it cannot generate power due to snow accumulation. The exterior photo shows the view from the west side looking south. It is not a densely populated area, so the shadow effect is minimal in terms of solar radiation acquisition conditions.

The figure above is a graph and table of actual measured data. Roof surfaces generate almost no electricity from December to February, and then recover rapidly from March. On the other hand, the wall installation shows a modest power generation efficiency even during the winter period. In terms of the power generation rate index, 90.7% for the south side installation and 58.5% for the west side installation compared to 100% for the roof side. In total, this was an example of achieving ZEH.
As mentioned earlier, the Hokkaido region has a very cautious community mentality toward solar power generation. Due to snow conditions, roof-mounted solar power generation systems do not generate electricity for three months in winter, and home builders in this region are most concerned about dealing with snow loads, and basically want to avoid problems caused by installing equipment that would further complicate these conditions.
This is the very reason why the region is “at the forefront of issues. I applaud the frontier spirit that dared to take this approach in such a region.
Dr. Kamata of the New JCMA also commented that the data would be very valuable for the New JCMA to analyze. As a leading example of solar power generation in snowy and cold regions, we hope that the research will continue and that more rational criteria will be established.

Posted on 7月 7th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅性能・設備 | No Comments »

【イキモノたちの札幌の夏2023】



きのうは札幌円山の里山的な場所、山裾河川に沿った箇所でしずかなシンフォニーを奏でているオオウバユリについて触れましたが、本日はその散歩道周辺で出会う、動物たちのポーズ。１枚は偶然、就寝中の夢見ている表情にたまらなく惹かれてしまった犬と、もう１枚は円山公園の池の畔のオシドリ一家。
わたしは人生の大半で犬についてはあんまり興味がなかったのですが、加齢と共にかれらが発してくる表情・動作に対して感じる部分が深くなってきています。散歩中、これまではほとんど興味を惹かれなかったかれらからのメッセージにだんだん敏感になってくるのですね。
で、そういうこちら側の心境の変化はかれらにも通ずると見えて、「お、こいつチョロそう」「カンタンに籠絡できそうだな」ということで近づいてくるようになる。そういうのにだんだん引き込まれるようになってしまって、もうすぐトリコにさせられる寸前なのかも知れません。くわばらくわばら（笑）。
そうやって近づいてくるの対しては適度な防衛本能が働くので、まぁ情動コントロールは可能なのですが、写真のように無防備に夢見ている天然の体表現を見せられると、ノックアウト寸前に陥ってしまう。微笑みながら、かれの夢見を見守っていたいという心理が芽生えてしまう。まことに勝手な感情移入ですね。
一方オシドリの方は、あくまでも自然のなかの種族のふるまい動向観察なので、愛おしさというよりも尊厳あるイキモノとしてのリスペクトを感じながら、対話するという心理。
2023年ことしの北海道、札幌の地での自然のうつろい、その肌感覚を共有させてもらうという観察眼主体。わたしたち人間は１日の時間の内、ほぼ９割以上は住宅とか建築によって外界から隔絶された環境で過ごしている。それに対して自然そのままの環境の中にあるかれらは、正しくその地の自然環境の実感を生きている。
自然の一部としてのイキモノの様子から「教えてもらう」感覚に近いのでしょうね。
なるべくお邪魔にならないようにと気遣いながら見ているのですが、ときどきは「ウザいなオマエ」みたいな体動作表現をもってたしなめられたりする。「あ、うるさがらせてごめんな」とこちらもイキモノとしての感情伝達で返したりする。
そしてそれが受け入れられると、かれらの心理が静謐になってこちら側の観察に対して「好きにしてもいいぞ」とリターンしてくれるように感じられる。「ありがとう、ことしの自然はそんな感じなんだね」みたいに。
とくに目的地として強く認識しているワケではないけれど「つい足が向く」ように毎朝、気付いたらかれらとの再会を目指しているのであります。まぁ、勝手な好意でしょうね、片思いか（笑）。

English version⬇

Summer in Sapporo 2023
Humans, as animals, spend more than 90% of their time in architectural spaces, living in an environment that is out of touch with nature. On the other hand, the overwhelming majority of the human beings live in nature itself. They are in a position to be taught. …

Yesterday, I mentioned about the day lilies that are creating a peaceful symphony along the river at the foot of the mountain in Maruyama, a satoyama-like area in Sapporo. The other is a family of mandarin ducks by a pond in Maruyama Park.
For most of my life, I have not been very interested in dogs, but as I age, I am becoming more and more aware of the expressions and movements they emit. During walks, I am becoming more and more sensitive to messages from them, which until now had little interest in me.
And, as they see this change in our state of mind, they begin to approach us, thinking, “Oh, this guy looks like he could be easy to win over. I am gradually being drawn in by such things, and I may be on the verge of being turned into a “trickster” by them. I am on the verge of being tricked.
I have a moderate defense instinct against such approaches, so I can control my emotions, but when he shows me his natural body expression of dreaming defenselessly as in the picture, I fall into a situation where I am on the verge of knocking him out. I find myself smiling and wanting to watch his dreaming. It is a very selfish empathy.
The mandarin ducks, on the other hand, are observing the behavior of a species in nature, so the psychology of interacting with them is not one of love, but rather of respect for them as dignified creatures.
The main focus of this project is to share the sense of nature’s changes in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, in 2023. We humans spend more than 90% of our time each day in an environment that is isolated from the outside world by housing and architecture. In contrast, those of us who live in the natural environment as it is, are living in a true sense of the local natural environment.
I suppose it is similar to the feeling of being “taught” by the appearance of the living creatures as part of nature.
I try not to disturb them as much as possible, but sometimes I am told “You’re annoying me, you know. I respond with an emotional response like, “Oh, I’m sorry for bothering you,” as if I were an animal myself.
And when we accept their response, we feel as if their mind becomes tranquil and they return our observation with the words, “You can do whatever you like. Like, “Thank you, I see that nature is like that this year.
It is not that I have a strong awareness of them as a destination, but I am “drawn” to them every morning when I realize I am on my way to see them again. Well, it must be a selfish love, or a one-sided love (laugh).

Posted on 7月 6th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です | No Comments »

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