寒冷地住宅の方向に発展してきた北海道住宅で
一般的に「デザイン追究」系と思われてきた「建築家」たちが
木製３重ガラス入りサッシの導入では地域で先端的に関わっていた。
防寒性を高めることとデザイン性を高めることが
同時に追究されていた。寒冷地環境の中で北海道の建築家たちは
積極的に北欧からの輸入サッシ導入を市場で先導してきた。
わたしどものReplan誌はそういう状況を踏まえて
その先導性に注目し、意図的にユーザーに情報拡散してきました。
そういう時代状況の中で本州地域の建築家にはやや距離感があった。
言ってみれば個人主義の全面開放だけとも言える自由奔放デザイン至上主義。
そういう建築家による北海道住宅建築での「不具合」も散見された。
取材時の否定的な気付きをReplan誌にそのまま掲載したこともある。
そういう建築家が多いなかでOMソーラーの志向性は独自性を持っていた。
主導者の奥村先生の「環境志向」というものには説得力があった。
性能を目指す作り手として北海道との同質性も感じていた。
まぁ、どうしても論争になる部分もあって誌面で公平に両論併記したこともある。
寒冷地と温暖地でアプローチ方法に違いがあることには理解できる、と。

今回の「浮輪寮」でも志向としては太陽熱集熱利用の志向性はあるようです。
ただ、今回の物件は古民家であり、それを性能改修するには
たぶん建て替えに近い改修になるのだろうと思う。
見る範囲ではそういう断熱気密の徹底ぶりはそれほど気付けなかった。
ただ、不可欠な暖冷房として温水循環装置が数カ所、要所に配置されていた。
こういう古民家での暖冷房としてデザイン的な調和性は高いと思われた。
っていうか、この暖冷房デザインには日本的な昇華を感じさせる。
一種の木製建具的な感覚受容が可能に思われる。
こういうあたり、温暖地域での建築家の選択眼を感じる思い。
古材に囲まれた空間で、黒っぽい木枠の彩色は調和的。
この温冷水循環暖冷房についてはいろいろな住宅実例を見て来たけれど、
空間全体の中での配置バランスも「ほどよく感じ」られることが、
重要な要件なのだと改めて気付かされる。
和の感覚でモダンの暖冷房設備を納めていくのは大いに参考になると思う。
改修での断熱のレベルがどれほどを想定しているのかは未確認。
見た範囲では５箇所ほどの暖冷房器設置だった。
いちばん上の写真は玄関を入っての室内全景だけれど、
この木製枠に囲われた暖冷房チューブはそれと気付かないさりげなさ。
冬以外でも室内にあり続ける北海道の薪ストーブと相似的。
中間期にもそれほど違和感をもたらさないとも思える。
住宅設備の納め方の感受性、温暖地の技とも感じた次第。

English version⬇

Thermal Environment Design of an Old Minka House in a Warm Area: Visit to “Ukirinryo” in Machida, Tokyo – 2
Although the level of insulation has not yet been investigated, the heating and cooling system is surprisingly suited to an old private house. The heating/cooling system is not too different even in the middle of the year. The house is not so strange even in the middle of the year.

Hokkaido housing has developed in the direction of cold-weather housing.
Architects” who are generally considered to be “design pursuits” were at the forefront in the introduction of wooden triple-glazed wood sash windows.
were at the forefront of the introduction of wooden triple-glazed wood sashes in the region.
The improvement of thermal protection and design were being pursued simultaneously.
and design at the same time. In the cold climate environment, Hokkaido architects
Hokkaido architects have actively led the market in introducing imported sashes from Scandinavia.
Our Replan magazine is based on this situation.
We have been focusing on this leadership and intentionally spreading information to our users.
In such an environment, architects in the Honshu area have been somewhat distant from the market.
In other words, it could be said that they only opened up to the full extent of individualism and free-spirited design supremacy.
There were some “glitches” in Hokkaido residential construction by such architects.
I once published a negative observation I made during an interview in Replan magazine as it was.
While there were many such architects, the orientation of OM Solar was unique.
The “environmental orientation” of the leader, Dr. Okumura, was very persuasive.
As a builder aiming for performance, I also felt a homogeneity with Hokkaido.
Well, there were inevitably some controversial parts, and I have fairly presented both sides of the argument in the magazine.
He said that it is understandable that there are differences in approach between cold and warm regions.

The “Ukinawa Dormitory” also seems to be oriented toward the use of solar heat collection as an orientation.
However, this property is an old house, and to make a performance renovation of it
I think it will probably be a renovation similar to rebuilding.
As far as I saw, I didn’t notice such thoroughness of insulation and airtightness that much.
However, hot water circulators were placed in several places as essential heating and cooling systems.
The design of the heating/cooling system in such an old house seemed to be highly harmonious.
In fact, the design of this heating and cooling system was very Japanese in its sublimation.
It seems possible to accept it as a kind of wooden fixture.
This is the kind of design that one would expect from an architect in a warm climate region.
The coloring of the black wooden frame is harmonious with the space surrounded by old timbers.
I have seen many examples of this hot- and cold-water circulation heating/cooling system in various houses.
I have seen many examples of this hot/cold water circulation heating/cooling system, but I realized once again that it is important to have a “moderate feeling” in the balance of the arrangement within the overall space.
I am reminded once again of the importance of the balance of the arrangement in the overall space.
I think it will be very helpful to install modern heating and cooling equipment with a Japanese sense of style.
We have not yet confirmed what level of insulation is expected in the renovation.
As far as I could see, there were about 5 heating/cooling units installed.
The top photo is a panoramic view of the interior as seen from the entrance.
The heating/cooling tubes enclosed by the wooden frame are so casual that it is hard to notice them.
It is similar to a wood stove in Hokkaido, which remains inside the house even outside of winter.
It is not so strange in the middle of the year either.
I felt that this is the sensitivity of the way housing equipment is installed and the skill of a warm climate region.

Posted on 8月 30th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 「都市の快適」研究, 住宅取材＆ウラ話 | No Comments »

きのうの札幌は朝で20度ほどの気温。
写真のように一昨日では18.7度ほどまで下がって来ていました。
散歩道・北海道神宮隣接の円山動物園前の気温計。
さすがにこれくらいになると半袖Tシャツでは心許ないので
長袖のジャージを着込んできております。
ことしの北海道はスカッとした天候は少なくて
夏の盛りも曇りがちという様子でしたが、
じわじわと季節は深まってきて一抹のさみしさが空気感に漂ってきます。
ことしはあまり見られなかったオオウバユリも花を過ぎ結実時期。


イキモノの世界でもこの様子は明瞭で
上のセミさんはこの状態で動かなくなっているし、
下の写真の蛾も散歩道の足下でほぼ動かなくなっている。
ハネの色合いは枯れ葉の擬態であることがあきらかで
よく観察してみてはじめて蛾だと認識できた次第です。
死んでいるのかと木の枝で突いてみると、まだ動いてはいました。
しかしすでに力弱く静寂をただ待っている感じ。
どこかの草むらにでも移動させようにもつかまる体力が失せている。
やむなく舗装歩道に放置しておきましたが、
やがてなにかに蹴飛ばされ踏みつけられるのかなと。
まぁ自然の摂理なので、人間がどうこうできるものでもない。

2022年の夏も感染症の猛威がまだまだ継続していて
じんわりと季節感を感じるほどの余裕を持てないまま過ぎつつあります。
経済動向を見ているとこの秋には大きな変動勃発の予感。
アメリカでは物価高、インフレが猛威をふるっているし、
それに対してFRBがかなり荒療治的に対応すると宣言を出している。
一方で中国では無謀なゼロコロナ政策で経済にマイナス影響が色濃い。
不動産バブルによるこれまでの経済成長路線に急ブレーキが掛かって
金融を含めた社会動向に非常に危機的な情報があふれてきている。
この秋にもなにか大きな動乱が発生する可能性がある。
こんな状況からか、中国外交トップが日本の外交担当者と７時間もの
長時間対話を行ったという情報も伝わってきている。
中国外交部は8月18日、外交トップの楊潔篪・共産党中央政治局委員と
日本の秋葉剛男・国家安全保障局長が8月17日、天津市で
「中日第9回ハイレベル政治対話」を共同開催したと発表した。
・・・中国は対米関係の行き詰まりがあれば伝統的に日本を利用する。
中国経済の危機的状況からの一種の外交的サインなのかも知れない。
HONDAは中国企業群とのデカップリングを情報発信して
場合によっては中国事業を見放す方向だと受け取れるサインを出した。
TOYOTAにもそういう動きが見られるという情報。
いずれの情報からも秋以降の変動要因がマグマの胎動のように感じられる。

English version⬇

[Slowly cooling autumn, the end of summer, and the global economy.
The Fed’s response to the U.S. economic modulation and the expansion of China’s economic turbulence factors. Are major autumn fluctuations beginning to emerge like a magma? …

The temperature in Sapporo yesterday was about 20 degrees Celsius in the morning.
The day before yesterday, the temperature had dropped to about 18.7 degrees Celsius, as shown in the photo.
The thermometer in front of Maruyama Zoo adjacent to Hokkaido Shrine.
As one would expect, a short-sleeved T-shirt is not comfortable when the temperature is this low.
So I put on a long-sleeved jersey.
This year in Hokkaido, there was not much clear weather.
The weather has been cloudy even in the height of summer, but the season is slowly deepening.
The season is gradually deepening, and a hint of loneliness is in the air.
The day lilies, which have not been seen very often this year, have passed their blooming stage and are now in the fruiting stage.

Even in the world of iminos, this situation is clear.
The cicada above is motionless in this state, and the moth in the photo below is almost motionless under the foot of the walkway.
The moth in the photo below is almost motionless under the foot of the walkway.
The coloration of the honeycomb is clearly a mimicry of dead leaves.
It was not until I observed it closely that I recognized it as a moth.
I poked it with a tree branch to see if it was dead, but it was still moving.
However, it was already weak and just waiting for silence.
I tried to move it to the grass somewhere, but it had lost the strength to hold on.
I had no choice but to leave it on the paved sidewalk.
I wondered if something would eventually kick it away and trample it down.
Well, it is the order of nature, and there is nothing we can do about it.

In the summer of 2022, the onslaught of infectious diseases is still continuing.
The summer of 2022 is passing by without enough time to feel a sense of the season.
Looking at economic trends, I have a feeling that we could see major changes this fall.
In the U.S., high prices and inflation are still raging.
The Fed has announced that it will respond to this situation in a very drastic manner.
Meanwhile, China’s reckless zero-corona policy is having a strong negative impact on the economy.
The economic growth path that has been driven by the real estate bubble has been suddenly braked, and social trends, including financial ones, are extremely critical.
Information on social trends, including the financial sector, is becoming very critical.
There is a possibility that some major upheaval will occur this fall.
Perhaps because of this situation, we have received information that a top Chinese diplomat had a seven-hour long dialogue with a Japanese diplomat.
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on August 18 that it would hold a meeting with Japanese diplomats to discuss the situation.
On August 18, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs held a meeting between top diplomats Yang Jiechi, a member of the Communist Party’s Central Political Bureau, and
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported that on August 18, top diplomats Yang Jiechi, a member of the Communist Party Central Political Bureau, and Takeo Akiba, Director-General of the National Security Bureau of Japan, held the
The 9th China-Japan High-Level Political Dialogue was jointly held in Tianjin, China, on August 17.
… China traditionally turns to Japan when there is a deadlock in its relations with the United States.
This may be a kind of diplomatic sign from the critical situation of the Chinese economy.
HONDA will send out information about decoupling with a group of Chinese companies.
HONDA has sent out information about its decoupling from a group of Chinese companies, a sign that could be taken as a sign that it is abandoning its China business in some cases.
There is also information that TOYOTA is also making such a move.
All of this information suggests that the factors that will cause fluctuations from autumn onward are like an embryo of a magma.

Posted on 8月 28th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です, 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

古墳と関根家住宅という前橋市の「大室公園」。
関根家住宅のとなり側にはこの古墳のまわりにかつてあった
「古代集落」としての竪穴住居が復元建築されていた。
古墳は古代社会「集落」の中核痕跡。
多くの労力がその築造にはかかわり動員されていた。
その後の社会発展の中で「ムラ」という共同体になった社会一体性が
きっと存在していたに違いない。
支配者への奴隷的絶対服従ばかりとは考えられない部分があっただろう。
農業経済を基盤として関東「新開地」にあらたな人間社会が育っていった。
それまでの関東地域の状況というのは不明だけれど、
農業土木労働によって目的的に河川水を活用して
食料生産を計画的に行っていくという文化が初めて根付いていったのだろう。
吉野ヶ里遺跡で見られるように地域豪族と農業構成員集団による開発が
組織だって運営されていった。日本社会のコア部分。
支配層の痕跡は古墳などで残っているけれど、
かれらはかれらだけで生きられたわけではない。
その支配にしたがって、日々の生産活動に従事した民人が多数いた。
地域の教育委員会としてそういう人々の思いを追体験する住まいを
子どもたちの集団参加で復元している住居がみられた。

「建設作業参加者」ということで小学生多数の名が書かれていた。
その建設作業の様子も看板に写真入りで記録保存されている。
父兄のみなさんも名前があるので親子で参加されたのでしょう。
っていうか、写真を見る限り子どもたちのために
一生懸命作業に取り組んでいるお父さんたちの労働奉仕の様子が伝わる（笑）。
子どもたちから「お父さん頑張れ」という声援がこだまして
その声に夢中で応えていることがあきらか。微笑ましい。
竪穴というのはこの「地面の掘り下げ」からすべてが始まるけれど、
これは住まいの「安定した室内気温環境」を確保する根源的目的営為。
古代の人々が地域の気候のなかでどう安定的な暮らしの場を確保したか、
子どもたちは自身とお父さんたちの身を以て体験したでしょう。
地面を掘るスコップ状の道具とその作業はいわば人類の基本労働。
親子でいっしょに作業することで「世代を繋いでいく」という
住宅というものの本質を噛みしめられたのではないだろうか。
出来上がった住居は凜としていて、
子どもたちの「作った誇り」のようなものが自然と感じられた。
「おお、すごい。よくやったなぁ」
はるかなご先祖さまたちの家づくりの苦労を体験できる機会って
なかなか得がたい体験だろうと思う。じんわり感動。

English version⬇

Children’s Participation in Making a Pit Dwelling in Maebashi Omuro Park
Restoration of the pit of our ancestors. Securing a “stable indoor environment” to sustain life. Children facing the basic “use” of humankind. Children’s participation in the construction of a pit dwelling.

Omuro Park” in Maebashi City is a place of ancient burial mounds and the Sekine family residence.
The Sekine family residence is located next to an “ancient village” that once existed around the burial mound.
The burial mound is a core trace of an ancient “settlement”.
Kofun tumuli are the core traces of “settlements” in ancient society.
A lot of labor was involved in their construction.
In the subsequent development of society, there must have existed a social unity that became a community called “mura”.
must have existed.
There must have been more than just slavish obedience to the rulers.
A new human society grew up in the Kanto region based on the agricultural economy.
Although the situation in the Kanto region up to that time is unknown
The culture of planned food production was based on the purposeful use of river water through agricultural and civil engineering labor.
The culture of systematic food production by purposefully utilizing river water through agricultural engineering labor must have taken root for the first time.
As can be seen at the Yoshinogari site, development was organized and managed by local powerful families and agricultural groups.
and agricultural groups, as seen at the Yoshinogari site. This is the core of Japanese society.
Traces of the ruling class can be found in ancient tombs, but they did not live on their own.
they were not able to live on their own.
There were many people who were engaged in daily productive activities in accordance with the ruling class.
As a local educational committee, we are restoring a house to relive the thoughts and feelings of these people with the collective participation of children.
The local board of education is restoring the houses with the collective participation of children.

The names of many “first grade elementary school students” were written as “participants in the construction work.
The construction work was also recorded and preserved on the signboard with photographs.
The names of the parents are also on the sign, so it is likely that both parents and children participated in the construction.
Or rather, the photos show that they were there for the children.
The fathers’ labor service is conveyed as they work hard (laughs).
The children were cheering “Go, Dad!
It was obvious that the fathers were enthusiastically responding to the children’s cheers. It was very funny.
In a pit, everything begins with this “digging of the ground.
This is a fundamental activity to ensure a “stable indoor temperature environment” for the house.
We can learn how ancient people secured a stable place to live in the local climate.
The children will have experienced firsthand how ancient people secured a stable living environment in the local climate, both themselves and their fathers.
The shovel-like tools used to dig the ground and the work involved are the basic labor of mankind.
By working together, parents and children were able to understand the essence of “passing down the generations.
I am sure that by working together, parents and children were able to understand the essence of housing, which is to “pass it on from generation to generation.
The finished house was interesting and interesting.
The children’s pride in their work was evident.
The children were naturally proud of their work, saying, “Wow, that’s great. You did a great job.
It must be a rare opportunity to experience the hard work of our distant ancestors in building their homes.
I think it must be a very rare experience to have the chance to experience the hard work of our ancestors in building their houses. I was deeply moved.

Posted on 8月 26th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

この関根家の家族のための日常、ケの空間。
土間とつながる作業動線をもつダイドコ、外には井戸があって
炊事洗濯に必要な用水が確保されている。
カイコの世話のための２階への動線起点のアガリハナは一体型の板の間であり、
神棚のあるウラザシキには掘り炬燵型のテーブル。
神棚の下に中空の棚状空間があり、やや小さめだが仏壇の位置なのか。
そうだとすれば、神仏先祖たちと日々の暮らしに感謝する様子が
みえてくる光景かも知れない。
「仏さんに手を合わせてからご飯だよ」
と言われて拝礼し、ついでに神さまにもあいさつして炬燵に潜り込んで
テーブル上の食事に向かっていた様子が目に浮かんでくる。
「いただきま〜す」
土間まで開放された空間で、日々の労働からいっとき解放時間をすごす。

で、こういう「家族だけのための空間」っていうのは
この大きな関根家住宅全体の中ではごく小さな面積。
土間は本質的に農作業の場であり、この養蚕の家では板敷きの間も、
カイコのために使われることも多かったとされる。
２階は常時カイコと製糸生業のための空間。
プライベートゾーンは主に家族寝室である畳敷きのナンド６畳（押入付き）
ウラザシキ８畳、ダイドコおおむね８畳ということになる。
全部で押入も算入しても24畳、なので12坪ほどに集約される。
この空間面積でふつうは８人程度の家族全員が集っていた。
その他のオモテ座敷・コザなどはハレの場であって半ば公共的空間だった。
質素倹約に勤めながら、つねに公的な用途に備えて家を維持する、
そんな日本人のDNA的な家屋意識というものが浮かび上がってくる。
この公共への対応力、家の「奥行き」が家格を表現していた。
武家に至っては「滅私奉公」という生き方が本旨とされた。
庶民はそこまでではないが、それでも公共への帰依は存在した。
明治になって世界との対話がはじまったとき
素朴な人間欲求と個人主義価値感に基づく「経済社会」と遭遇したとき、
こういう日本社会の価値感は揺らいだに違いない。
しかし明治のスタートから第２次大戦直前までで人口規模は
約3,000万人から8,000万人ほどまで増加し、経済規模も拡大した。
欧米世界標準を受け入れることで近代国家としての成功を成し遂げた。


さてそれから戦後を迎えて以降、この世界標準的ライフスタイルは
普遍的に日本の家屋のありようを変えていっている。
葬式や法事会合などは専用施設に役割移転し、
親族でも相手の家に宿泊するという習慣は大きく廃れた。
近隣のホテル宿泊などでプライバシーへの気遣い不要に変化した。
そういう「公的交流」の場が家から失われて、
家族だけの空間が住宅のもっとも肝要な目的に変化してきている。
かつての「公共空間」のような役割空間が家から消えた後、
さて、わたしたち現代日本人はどんな意味のある空間を欲するのだろうか。
そういえばコンパクトとか、平屋という志向性は強まっている。
民家のミライが非常に興味深い・・・。

English version⬇

Japanese DNA family-only zone “Akagi-style” silkworm farm house-7
The house is about 12 tsubo in area, which is enough for a family to live together. The family strived to be thrifty and respected public space. The public sitting room space has disappeared in the modern age, but now….

Daily life for this Sekine family, ke space for the family.
The daidocho has a work flow line that connects to the earthen floor, and there is a well outside to
Outside, there is a well that provides water for cooking and washing.
Agarihana, the starting point of the flow line to the second floor for taking care of the silkworms, is an integrated board room.
The urazashiki, which houses a Shinto altar, has a kotatsu-type table.
There is a hollow shelf-like space under the altar, which is rather small, but is it the location of a Buddhist altar?
If so, it may be a scene of gratitude to the gods, Buddha, ancestors, and daily life.
If so, it may be a scene of gratitude to the gods, Buddha, ancestors, and daily life.
After praying to the Buddha, we eat our meals.
Then, after greeting the gods, I got under the kotatsu (table-top table) and went to the table to eat.
I can just picture the way they were eating their meals on the table.
Itadakimasu!
In the space that is open to the earthen floor, we spend a moment freeing ourselves from the daily labor.

This kind of “space just for the family” is a part of the whole Sekine family’s house.
This “space just for the family” is a very small area of the entire Sekine family’s large residence.
The earthen floor is essentially a place for farm work, and in this sericultural house, the wooden floor was often used for silkworms.
The second floor was always used for silkworms and silkworms.
The second floor is always a space for silkworms and the silk production industry.
The private zone consists mainly of the family bedroom, 6 tatami-mat nando (with a closet), 8 tatami-mat urazashiki
The private zone was mainly used as a family bedroom: 6 tatami mats for Nando (with a closet), 8 tatami mats for Urazashiki, and roughly 8 tatami mats for Daido.
The total space is 24 tatami mats, including the oshirooms, which means that the total space is about 12 tsubo.
Usually, a family of about 8 people would gather in this space.
The other areas, such as the omote-zashiki and koza-zashiki, were the “hare (formal occasions)” and were half-public spaces.
While striving to be frugal and thrifty, the Japanese always maintained their houses for public use.
This is the DNA of the Japanese sense of the house.
This ability to respond to public needs and the “depth” of the house expressed the family’s status.
The samurai family was expected to live a life of “selflessness and devotion.
Although the common people were not to that extent, they still had a devotion to the public.
When dialogue with the world began in the Meiji era
When they encountered an “economic society” based on simple human desires and individualistic values, the values of Japanese society were shaken.
These values of Japanese society must have been shaken.
However, from the start of the Meiji era to just before World War II, the size of the population
However, from the start of the Meiji period to just before World War II, the population grew from about 30 million to about 80 million, and the economy expanded as well.
By embracing Western world standards, Japan achieved success as a modern nation.

Since then, after the postwar period, this world-standard lifestyle has been universally changing the way Japanese houses are built.
Since the postwar period, this world-standard lifestyle has been universally changing the way Japanese houses are built.
Funerals and memorial services have been relocated to dedicated facilities, and the custom of staying with relatives in the other’s home has largely disappeared.
The custom of staying at the other party’s house, even for relatives, has largely disappeared.
The custom of staying at a nearby hotel has changed so that people no longer need to worry about privacy.
The place for such “public exchanges” has been lost from the home.
The most important purpose of a house is to provide a space for the family to live together.
Now, we modern Japanese are wondering what kind of role space, like the “public space” of the past, we will be able to play after the disappearance of such space.
What kind of meaningful space will we modern Japanese desire after the role of “public space” disappears from our homes?
The trend toward compactness and one-story houses is increasing.
The minka future is very interesting…

Posted on 8月 24th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

養蚕は中国から日本に伝播してきた。歴史は深い。
中国では紀元前2750年頃（推定）の平絹片、絹帯、絹縄などが出土。
殷や周時代遺跡からも絹製品は発見されている。系統学的解析ではカイコは
約5000年前までに野生種「クワコ」から家畜化された。
人類史ではオオカミ⇒イヌくらいに比定できるのだろうか。
日本は桑の生育に適していたことから弥生時代には中国大陸から伝わった。
福岡県の有田遺跡（紀元前200年頃）からは平絹が出土している。
記紀には仲哀天皇（第14代）の4年に養蚕の記録。
奈良時代には全国に普及し租庸調として絹製品が税として集められた。
1871（明治4）年から、昭憲皇后によって毎年「ご養蚕」が始められた。
幕末期には画期的養蚕技術の開発・発明がなされ良質な生糸が生産された。
開国と同時に、生糸は主要な輸出品となった。
江戸期も武家の倹約令などどこ吹く風で庶民は経済中心の暮らし。
明治開国を迎え一気に世界の衣料原料先端地に躍り出たのだろう。
ムダな政治制約のない自由経済体制への移行が産業勃興を生んだ。


需要の急拡大に沿ってこの赤城型といわれる養蚕住宅が出現した。
この関根家住宅では畳部屋は３部屋でそれ以外、１階で３室、
２階はすべて板の間で、従来の寄棟屋根の正面を大胆にカットして
通気性・採光性を大胆に追究した。
そもそもが「桑の生育に適して」いた気温・気候風土条件下で
「天井から垂れ下がるクモの糸が、ほのかに揺れる」くらいの通気性が
建築需要条件として要請されたという。
地域に根ざした注文住宅制作者・大工職人たちは
「カイコの成育に適した環境性能を実現し地域景観への責任を果たす」
という作り手としてのプライドを懸けて取り組んだのだろう。
繊細なカイコの生態が求める「環境性能」実現は必須課題。
屋根を支える束柱などを寄棟屋根立ち上がり部に集中させ
カイコ育成の建物中央部では大胆に省略して開放的大空間を実現。
２階の茅屋根を大胆にカットした開口部から室内はできるだけ開放的に、
根曲がり梁の多用などで多人数での作業合理性大空間など
デザイン要素もオリジナルとして開発していったのだろう。
茅屋根素材での湿度管理や開口部の工夫での通気性確保など、
用＝環境性能をイキモノであるカイコに最適化させる工法進化を図った。
用を満たしコスト要件を満たしながらプロポーションの美感も研ぎ澄ました。
養蚕農家建築はその性能とデザインで地域らしさを創造していった。
その家づくりの営為に今和次郎氏らは「民藝的」空間性を見たのだと思う。

人の暮らしよう、カイコの生態を咀嚼して独自の環境空間を実現させた。
出来上がった空間性には強く惹き付けられるものがある。
地域を隔て明治期以降、積雪寒冷克服という必須テーマと立ち向かった
北海道の家づくりの営みは、より高次のイキモノ・ヒトが求める環境性能。
北海道では「無落雪屋根」という独自進化にも至るけれど、
この「キリアゲニケエ」には発想面での近縁性を感じさせられる。
自由な視点から地域風土への最適化を求め独自デザインを考える。
こういう作り方を「民藝的」住宅建築と強く思わされる次第。

English version⬇

The beauty of “Mingei” (folk craft) ≒Performance and Design “Akagi-type” Sericulture Minka-5
Spider threads sway faintly. Performance and design are explored to realize a delicate environmental space. Mingei” style house building is the essence of craftsmanship. ……

Sericulture was propagated from China to Japan. Its history is deep.
In China, flat silk pieces, silk belts, and silk ropes were excavated around 2750 B.C. (estimated).
Silk products have also been found at Shang and Zhou dynasty sites. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that silkworms
domesticated from a wild species, the silkworm, by about 5,000 years ago.
In the history of mankind, the silkworm can be compared to the wolf and the dog.
The silkworm was introduced from the Chinese continent during the Yayoi period, as Japan was suitable for growing mulberry trees.
Plain silk was excavated from the Arita site in Fukuoka Prefecture (circa 200 B.C.).
The Chronicles of Japan records sericulture in the 4th year of Emperor Nakai (the 14th).
During the Nara period (710-794), sericulture spread throughout the country and silk products were collected as taxes as part of the taxation system.
From 1871 (Meiji 4), Empress Shoken started “sericulture” every year.
In the late Edo period, revolutionary sericultural techniques were developed and invented, and high-quality raw silk was produced.
With the opening of Japan to the outside world, silk became a major export item.
During the Edo period (1603-1867), the common people’s lives were still centered on economics, with the frugality ordinances of the samurai families blowing by.
With the opening of the country to the outside world in the Meiji era, the country quickly became the world’s leading producer of raw materials for clothing.
The transition to a free economic system free of unnecessary political restrictions led to the rise of industry.

In line with the rapid increase in demand, this sericultural house, known as the Akagi type, emerged.
In this Sekine family residence, there are only three tatami-mat rooms and three other rooms on the first floor, and all the rooms on the second floor are board rooms.
The second floor is all board rooms, and the front of the conventional hipped roof was boldly cut to improve ventilation and lighting.
The front of the conventional hipped roof was boldly cut to improve ventilation and lighting.
The roof was designed under the temperature and climate conditions that were “suitable for mulberry growth” to begin with.
The air permeability of the building was required as a condition of the building demand.
The building was required to have enough ventilation so that “the spider silk hanging from the ceiling would sway faintly.
Local custom home builders and carpenters
“We are proud of our work as builders to achieve environmental performance suitable for silkworm growth and to fulfill our responsibility to the local landscape.
The silkworm’s delicate ecology is a key factor in the project’s success.
The delicate silkworm biology makes it essential to achieve the “environmental performance” required.
Roof-supporting columns are concentrated at the ridge of the hipped roof.
The central part of the building, where silkworms are raised, is boldly omitted to create a large, open space.
The second-floor thatched roof was boldly cut to create an opening to open up the interior as much as possible.
The use of many root-curved beams, etc., creates a large space with rationality for working with a large number of people.
The design elements were also developed as original.
The use of thatched roof materials to control humidity and the use of openings to ensure air permeability were also original elements of the design.
The construction method evolved to optimize the environmental performance for the silkworm, which is a living being.
The aesthetic sense of the proportions was also refined while satisfying the requirements for cost.
The architecture of sericultural farmhouses created a sense of community through their performance and design.
Wajiro Kon and others saw a “folk art” spatiality in this house-building activity.

They realized a unique environmental space by chewing over the way people live and the ecology of silkworms.
The resulting spatiality has a strong attraction.
The Hokkaido house-building industry, which has faced the essential theme of overcoming the cold and snowy climate since the Meiji Era (1868-1912)
Hokkaido’s house-building activities are based on the environmental performance demanded by higher-order people and things.
Hokkaido has evolved its own unique style of “no-snowfall roofing.
The “Kiriage-nikee” is a close relative in terms of conception.
The design of the house is based on a free perspective, seeking to optimize it for the local climate.
I strongly believe that this way of building is “Mingei” residential architecture.

Posted on 8月 22nd, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 住宅性能・設備, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »