幕末から明治に掛けて、横浜からは生糸製品が多いに出荷された。
欧米の資本市場からはアジアからの出荷拡大が望まれたのだ。
識字率も高く、勤勉な国民性をもつ日本というあらたな世界市場参加者は
世界の資本主義市場のさまざまな分野で期待された。
南伊予での「木蝋」生産と神戸港からの貿易出荷は巨大な成功者を生み出した。
かれらは故郷に錦を飾るかのように建築道楽に湯水のごとく投資した。
同様に横浜からの輸出では生糸製品が脚光を浴びた。
日本は欧米列強による植民地化から逃れていたけれど
しかし不平等な条約のくびきには置かれていた。
江戸の支配権力機構には世界の資本主義的経済への対応戦略が欠けていた。
植民地にまでしなくても条約面で２等国扱いをできれば
独立の態を取らせてもいいかと欧米列強は考えたのに違いない。
それでもアジアの国のなかでこういうスタンスを取れたのは日本だけ。
明治開国のこの状況から、日本人は必死に坂の上の雲を追う努力を始めた。
こういう後追い型の発展では急成長が可能になるとされる。
目標とその手段が明確ならば、低賃金で勤勉な国民は強い競争力の源泉。
明治の日本国家は欧米を追いかけてキャッチアップを始める。
たぶん戦後の敗戦・焼け野原からとよく似た急成長があったのだ。
この時期の新興の日本人資本家たちは「こういう成功もあるのか」と
心の底から驚いたことだろう。それまでの封建の社会では
成功とは賄賂などで権力と結びついて権益確保を図るしかなかったものが、
貿易・産業構築によって成功を得ることができる、
資本主義というまったく未知の新ルールの世界が広がったということ。

住宅の世界では北海道開拓においてアメリカの住宅類型が導入された。
開拓期北海道は地域としてそうした欧米住文化の巨大展示場だった。
一方でこの群馬県赤城山麓地域では既存の住環境に大きな革新が働いた。
世界市場参入によって活発化する養蚕業にジャストフィットすべく
養蚕農家に機能が最適化された民家が創出されていった。
従来の農家ではほとんどが平屋だったものが、２階建てとして
そこに養蚕のための広大な「カイコ」空間が作られていった。
間取り的にはこのカイコ空間には屋根を受ける棟柱や小屋束の
構造支柱類は省略され建物中央部では屋根面まで開放空間が作られている。
まるで軽量のイキモノ、カイコの気持ちよさに最適化したのか（笑）。
馬屋上部、コザ上部などの建物端部で屋根架構支柱は集中造作される。
カイコの生態に最適化させるため茅葺き屋根の平側前面をカットさせた。
「養蚕に適した切り落とし屋根が発明されたが、段階的発達ではなく、
切り落としの形は幕末から明治10年代にかけて集中的に形成」とされる。
変化に当たって日本人は大胆に適応能力を持つ。用への集中力。
しかし日本人らしい審美眼は美しいプロポーションをすぐに実現している。
まさに「用の美」という民藝的感受性で建築が構成された。

養蚕のための大空間確保としてのキリアゲニケエ改造、
農業資源としての馬屋や常設昇降階段や多人数労働を支えるダイドコロなど
事業規模拡大に対応した家内制手工業的な茅葺き民家の進化が果たされた。
復元されたこの関根家では馬屋には埴輪たちがウマの代わりで展示（笑）。
農家民家はそれまでも生産能力最優先のものであったが、
それが養蚕に適するように急速進化したのだともいえる。
昼夜を分かたないカイコの生態に即した創造的な生産活動の場が確保された。

English version⬇

Thatched-roof Buildings Become Industrial Spaces that Rotate Day and Night “Akagi-type” Sericultural Minka-3
The Meiji Dream of entering the capitalist world market. The Japanese have awakened to what the world needs. The greatest asset is Japanese-ness. …

From the end of the Edo period to the Meiji era, Yokohama shipped a large amount of raw silk products.
The capital markets of Europe and the U.S. were looking to expand shipments from Asia.
Japan, with its high literacy rate and industrious people, was expected to be a new participant in the world market.
The new world market participant, Japan, with its high literacy rate and industrious people, was expected in various areas of the world capitalist market.
The production of “wood wax” in Minami Iyo and trade shipments from the port of Kobe created a huge success story.
They invested lavishly in their architectural pursuits, as if they were trying to make their hometown look like a brocade.
Similarly, exports from Yokohama were dominated by raw silk products.
Japan had escaped colonization by the Western powers.
But it was still under the yoke of unequal treaties.
The ruling power structure in Edo lacked a strategy for dealing with the world’s capitalist economy.
If Japan could be treated as a second-class country in terms of treaties without having to become a colony
The Western powers must have thought that if they could treat Edo as a second-class country in terms of treaties without having to colonize it, it would be acceptable to let it adopt an independent stance.
Even so, Japan was the only Asian country that could take this stance.
From this situation at the opening of the Meiji era, the Japanese began to desperately try to follow the clouds on the hill.
It is said that this type of follow-up development enables rapid growth.
If the goal and the means to achieve it are clear, a low-wage, hard-working population is a source of strong competitiveness.
The Japanese nation of the Meiji period began to play catch-up with the West.
Perhaps much like the postwar period after the defeat and burnout of Japan, there was rapid growth.
The emerging Japanese capitalists of this period must have been “Is this kind of success possible?
I am sure that the newly emerging Japanese capitalists of this period must have been astonished from the bottom of their hearts. In the feudal society that had existed until then
Success in the feudal society up to that time had been achieved only by securing power and interests through bribes and other means.
However, success could be attained through trade and industrial development.
The world of capitalism, with its completely new and unknown rules, had opened up.

In the world of housing, the development of Hokkaido introduced the American housing model.
Hokkaido during the pioneering period was a huge showcase of Western housing culture.
On the other hand, in the Akagi foothills region of Gunma Prefecture, there were major innovations in the existing housing environment.
In order to be just right for the sericulture industry, which was becoming more active with the entry into the global market, the following changes were made to the living environment.
The silkworm farmers were able to create private houses that were optimized for their functions.
The traditional farmhouse, which was mostly a one-story house, was replaced by a two-story house.
A vast “silkworm” space for sericulture was created there.
In terms of the layout, the structural supports for the roof and shed bundles were omitted from this silkworm space.
The structural pillars of the roof and shed bundles were omitted from this silkworm space, and an open space was created in the center of the building up to the roof surface.
It is as if the building has been optimized for the comfort of the silkworm, a lightweight creature (laughs).
Roof structure support columns are centrally constructed at the edges of the building, such as the upper part of the stable and the upper part of the koza.
In order to optimize the silkworm’s ecology, the flat front of the thatched roof was cut off.
The thatched roof was invented to suit sericulture, but it was not a gradual development.
The cut-off roof was invented to suit sericulture, but it was not a gradual development.
The Japanese are boldly adaptable to change. The Japanese have a bold ability to adapt to change.
However, the Japanese sense of aesthetics quickly achieved beautiful proportions.
The architecture was composed with the folk art sensibility of “beauty of use.

Kiriagenikee modification as securing large space for sericulture, and
horse stalls as an agricultural resource, permanent elevating stairs, and daidokoro to support multi-person labor.
The evolution of the thatched minka as a domestic handicraft house was accomplished in response to the expansion of the scale of business.
In this restored Sekine House, haniwa clay figures are displayed in place of horses in the stable (laugh).
Farm houses had always been built with the highest priority on production capacity.
It can be said that they rapidly evolved to be suitable for sericulture.
A place for creative productive activities was secured in accordance with the ecology of silkworms, which do not divide the day and night.

Posted on 8月 20th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

北海道で高断熱高気密住宅という住宅性能の革新が起こって
それと同時にそこでの住宅建築がどのように「民族化」するか、
出版活動を通してわたしはその興味に引き立てられながら生きてきた。
温暖地日本から隔絶した気候条件の地域で
ふつうの日本人の生活感覚がこの気候条件にどう変化対応していくのか、
できれば日本「民家」の現代から未来形までをスケッチしたいと
住宅文化の情報を探ってきたのだと思っています。いまも続いている。
北海道でもすでに150年以上の日本的住文化は積層してきて
さまざまな変化革新は北海道で生起してきたと思います。
一方でわたしたちのDNAはまごうかたなく日本人であり、
生活文化探究という面からは、自ずと日本各地の古民家に惹かれる。
北海道は日本全国から移民してきた人々が住宅を建てて暮らしてきた。
最初は出身の地域での伝統的な住宅建築も建ててみたけれど、
あまりの気候条件の違いから、出身の「地域らしさ」継続はムリだった。
そういう断絶から北海道人は「合理的」に住宅文化を作ってきた。
暮らしの保守を最優先にして高断熱高気密という性能要件をクリアした後、
現代という「世界標準的生活」に最適化された住空間を創造してきた。
北海道では驚くほど「和室」が作られず、障子などの建具文化も少数派。
民族性よりも現代的な合理主義、「用」の価値感が最適化された。
しかしそういう営為の先にはやはりDNA的な郷愁心理もうずき出してくる。
住宅性能的な進化発展に対して啓蒙的メディア活動もしながら、
北海道人としては伝統的ニッポン住文化へのリスペクトも強くある。
本州各地域の古民家探訪にはそんな思いが凝集している。
日本各地に取材する機会があって、たくさんの古民家を探訪してきた。

今回、上毛野・群馬県の古墳と民家を探訪した。
古墳篇が終わって、きょうからは養蚕民家・関根家住宅篇であります。
明治開国時期から開港した横浜からは活発に生糸製品が貿易出荷された。
北関東地域から横浜への輸送ルートも整備され、
明治の産業勃興のひとつの典型を形成したと言われる。
やがて紡績工場が建設・稼動する。世界遺産・国宝「富岡製糸場」。
欧米は日本の開国でこういう世界的な経済循環を実現させた。
とりあえずファッション素材産業で世界市場に日本経済は参入できた。
以前、伊予南部の明治期の「木蝋」産業勃興も見たけれど、
世界市場に参入することで未体験の資本主義的発展がもたらされた。
この関根家住宅は、群馬県地方・赤城山麓に多数あった養蚕農家の一例。
産業要素もあり、一体の暮らしようの痕跡もある。
また随所に民藝的な住空間としての重厚さも感じられた。
知らず知らず、たくさんの「見どころ」を写真に収めたので、
数回にわたってブログ記事にまとめてみたい。
外観は、正面の茅屋根が一部掻き取られている。
正面の屋根を切り落として屋根裏に明かりを取り入れ、通気をよくする工夫。
養蚕の必要上の外観選択だけれど、いかにも「用の美」独特デザインとして
胸に迫ってくるような印象を植え付けられる。（以下続く）

English version⬇

The Beauty of Mingei-style “Akagi-type” Sericulture Minka-1
The Mingei movement went through Hokkaido. Muneyoshi Yanagi left Hokkaido without seeing the evolution of Hokkaido housing. Re-examination of the Japanese housing culture of the Hokkaido people 150 years after the pioneering period. …

The housing performance innovation of highly insulated and airtight houses in Hokkaido is taking place, and
and how housing construction in Hokkaido is “ethnicized” at the same time.
I have been drawn to this interest through my publishing activities.
In a region with climatic conditions far removed from the warm climate of Japan
How will the ordinary Japanese people’s sense of life change and adapt to these climatic conditions?
If possible, I would like to make a sketch of the Japanese “minka” from the present to the future.
I believe that I have been searching for information on housing culture. It continues even now.
In Hokkaido, the Japanese housing culture has already been layered for more than 150 years, and various changes and innovations are taking place in Hokkaido.
Various changes and innovations have occurred in Hokkaido.
On the other hand, our DNA is unmistakably Japanese.
In terms of cultural exploration, we are naturally attracted to old private houses in various parts of Japan.
In Hokkaido, immigrants from all over Japan have built houses and lived in them.
At first, I tried building traditional houses in my home region, but the climatic conditions were so different from my home region that I decided to build my own.
However, the climatic conditions were so different that it was impossible to maintain the “regional character” of their homeland.
Because of this disconnect, the people of Hokkaido have created a “rational” housing culture.
After meeting the performance requirements of high thermal insulation and airtightness, with the maintenance of lifestyle as the top priority, the people of Hokkaido have been building houses that are “world standard” in terms of modern lifestyle.
After meeting the performance requirements of high heat insulation and airtightness, they have created living spaces optimized for the “global standard” of modern life.
In Hokkaido, surprisingly, “Japanese-style rooms” are not created, and the culture of fittings such as shoji screens is also in the minority.
Modern rationalism and a sense of “utility” values were optimized rather than ethnic values.
However, such activities also evoke a sense of nostalgia that is part of the DNA of the Japanese.
While engaging in enlightening media activities to promote the evolution and development of housing performance
As a Hokkaido native, I also have a strong respect for the traditional Japanese housing culture.
These feelings coalesce in my exploration of old private homes in various regions of Honshu.
I have had the opportunity to visit many old private houses throughout Japan.

This time, I explored ancient tombs and private houses in Jomo-no, Gunma Prefecture.
The Kofun Arc is over, and today we will start with the silkworm-farming minka, the Sekine Family Residence.
From the Meiji period (1868-1912), the port of Yokohama opened its doors to the world, and trade in raw silk products was active.
The transportation route from the northern Kanto region to Yokohama was also developed.
It is said to have formed one of the typical examples of the rise of industry in the Meiji era.
Soon after, spinning mills were constructed and began operation. Tomioka Silk Mill, a World Heritage Site and National Treasure.
The United States and Europe realized this kind of global economic cycle when Japan opened its doors to the world.
At any rate, the Japanese economy was able to enter the global market through the fashion material industry.
We have also seen the rise of the “wood wax” industry in southern Iyo during the Meiji period.
This entry into the global market brought about an unprecedented capitalistic development.
The Sekine family residence is an example of one of the many sericultural farms that existed at the foot of Mount Akagi in Gunma Prefecture.
There are traces of industrial elements as well as traces of the way of life of the family as a whole.
The house also has a profound folk-artistic living space.
I took pictures of many “highlights” without realizing it, so I will try to summarize them in several blog posts.
I would like to summarize them in several blog posts.
On the exterior, the front thatched roof has been partially scraped off.
This is a device to cut off the front roof to let light into the attic and to improve ventilation.
Although the choice of the exterior was made for the necessity of sericulture, the design is unique in its “beauty of use.
It is a design that is unique to the “beauty of use” and leaves a strong impression on the viewer’s mind. (Continued below)

Posted on 8月 18th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 古民家シリーズ | No Comments »

５−６世紀に群馬県地域に進出し、多くの前方後円墳を残した氏族・地域を
上毛野氏という特定名で探究してきているけれど、
その地域名が毛野であり、それを渡良瀬川でもって上下に分け、
西側を上毛野、東側を下毛野というように呼称していた。
古代国家が上下のように畿内から近い順に地域区分で名付けていく例から
この仕分け自体には蓋然性があると思えるけれど、
この上毛野がどうして「上野」になり、下毛野が「下野」になるのかは
普通に考えるとよくわからない。
上野をどうして「こうずけ」下野を「しもつけ」と読むのかも、不明。
たぶん英語圏の方や、漢字圏の中国人にも理由はわからないだろう。
友人から痛烈な一発をかまされたけれど、思いあまった末に
「毛野から毛が脱けた」ギャグにしてみたくなるのはムリからぬところ。

今回、上毛野氏の深掘り探索でこの疑問に正面からの回答が得られた。
この「旧国名」別の言い方「令制国」については
平城京に都が遷されて間もない和銅6（713）年、
律令政府は各国（国内各地域）に以下のようなお触れを出した。
「諸国の郡名・里名を、好い字の二文字に改めて定着させよ」
これが「好字二字化令」と呼ばれるもの。
さすがに官僚制国家志向の強い日本社会らしくこの制度設計が
旧国名さらに今日の都道府県名にまで波及してきているのですね。
で、上毛野・下毛野の場合、漢字表記から「毛」を除いたというのです。
しかし、表音では「ケ」の読みを残したというのだ。
この官僚的専断の合理性がよくわからない。
下をシモと表音するのは自然だが、上を「コウ」と表音するのは
どうも一般民衆的には根拠不明だったのではないか。
さらにこっそり「ツケ」を付与したのは陰謀っぽい。
たぶん官僚からの「令」として処理し実行されたのではないか。
「上毛野は今後、上野と書いてコウズケと呼ぶように」
「下毛野は今後、下野と書いてシモツケと」
ははぁ〜と下々は従っただろうし、漢字文章に巧みな官僚側決定に
あまり学のない権力層も無知蒙昧に従ったのではないか。
根拠としてはこの当時の最先端国家・唐の律令制度に合わせたこと。
この時期の日本国家の媚中ぶりは現在の外相どころではない（笑）。
10世紀初頭に成立した『和名類聚抄』史料には、当時の国名が記載される。
すべての国名が漢字2文字で揃えられている。
国の下に位置する郡も例外は薩摩国の鹿児島郡ひとつだけという徹底ぶり。
3文字以上で表記されていた「波伯吉国」は「伯耆国（ほうきのくに）」となり、
「吉備道中国」は「備中国」に改められた。
「粟国」は「阿波国」に「木国」は「紀伊国」に「泉国」は「和泉国」となった。
現代に残る難読地名の源泉になったことは間違いない。
上野、下野はその最たる被害国名か。
この事実からすると、明治以降だけど「北海道」っていい地名だなぁ・・・。
＜参照：ビジネスジャーナル「青木康洋「だれかに話したくなる、歴史の裏側」
https://biz-journal.jp/2015/10/post_11865.html＞

English version⬇

The reason for the shedding of hairs from “Keno” (laugh): Exploring the “Kamitukeno Clan”-7
The reason for the removal of hair is not the arbitrary decision of the Foreign Minister, who flirted with the Ritsuryo system of the Tang Dynasty, but the bureaucratic structure of the “Favorable Character Two Characterization Order”. Oops, talking about the old country name (laugh)….

I have been exploring the specific name of the Kamitukeno clan, a clan and region that expanded into Gunma Prefecture in the 5th and 6th centuries and left behind a large number of anterior posterior circular mounds.
I have been exploring the specific name of the Kamitukeno clan, which is the name of the region.
The name of the region is Mono, and it is divided into upper and lower parts by the Watarase River.
The west side was called Kamitukeno and the east side Shimotukeno.
The ancient states were divided into upper and lower regions in order of proximity to the Kinai region, as in the case of the upper and lower regions.
This sorting itself seems probable, but why was this Kamitukeno called “Kouzuke”?
But how Kamitukeno became kouzuke and Shimotuke became Shimotuke is not so clear.
It is not clear how Shimotuke became “kouzuke” and Shimogtukeno became “Shimotuke”.
It is also unclear why kouzuke is read as “Kozuke” and Shimotuke as “Shimotsuke.
Probably, English speakers and Chinese people who speak Chinese characters do not know the reason either.
A friend of mine gave me a painful blow, but I took the plunge.
I was tempted to make a gag like “the hairs came off” from Kamino-no.

Thanks to Mr. kamitukeno’s in-depth search, we now have a direct answer to this question.
As for this “old country name” and another way of saying “country under the ritsuryo system,” he says
In 713, shortly after the capital was moved to Heijo-kyo
In 713, soon after the capital was moved to Heijo-kyo, the Ritsuryo government issued the following announcement to the various countries (regions within Japan).
The names of counties and villages in each country were to be changed to two favored Chinese characters.
This is what is known as the “Order to Change the Names of Counties and Villages to Two Favorable Characters.
As one would expect from a Japanese society with a strong bureaucratic orientation, this system was designed to
This system has spread to the names of old countries and even to the names of today’s prefectures.
In the case of Kamitukeno and Shimomotukeno, the “毛” was removed from the Kanji characters.
However, the phonetic reading of “ke” was retained.
I do not understand the rationale behind this bureaucratic monopoly.
It is natural to phoneticize the lower part as shimo, but to phoneticize the upper part as ko.
I think that the rationale for this was not clear to the general public.
Furthermore, it seems conspiratorial that “tsuke” was secretly added.
Perhaps the bureaucrats had it done as a “decree” and carried it out.
“From now on, Jomo-no should be written Ueno and called Kozuke.
Shimomono is henceforth to be written Shimotsuke.
The bureaucrats, who are very skilled in writing in Chinese characters, would have followed the decision.
The less educated members of the power class must have ignorantly followed the decision of the bureaucrats, who were skilled in writing in Chinese characters.
The reason for this is that it was in line with the Ritsuryo system of the Tang Dynasty, the most advanced nation at that time.
The fawning nature of the Japanese state during this period was not that of the current foreign minister (laugh).
The historical document “Wamyoraijusho,” which was established in the early 10th century, describes the names of the countries at that time.
All the country names are aligned with two Chinese characters.
The only exception is Kagoshima-gun in Satsuma Province.
The name of “Habakki-kikoku,” which used to be written with three or more characters, became “Hoki-ki-no-kuni.
Kibi-do-Chugoku” was changed to “Bicchu-kuni.
Awaki-kuni” became “Awa-kuni”, “Ki-kuni” became “Kii-kuni”, and “Izumi-kuni” became “Izumi-kuni”.
There is no doubt that these place names became the source of the difficult-to-read place names that remain today.
Ueno and Shimono are the names of the most affected countries.
However, in view of this fact, “Hokkaido” is a good place name, even though it has been used since the Meiji era….

Posted on 8月 16th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

古墳という文化はある時期の日本文化を表現している。
仏教の導入、その興隆と前後して古墳文化は消えていくから
その文化性の大きな部分は仏教寺院に置換したとわたし的には思う。
ヤマト王権はその勢力拡大局面では古墳文化をアイコンとして
各地域での覇権を確立させていったと思える。
上の写真は大室古墳群のなかの「小二子古墳」の復元想定。
本来はこの前方後円墳全体に白い葺き石が覆われていたとされるけれど、
いかにも建築的な意図を感じさせると思う。
巨大な土木建築技術のアイコンでもあったといえる。
仁徳陵・大仙古墳は当時の海岸線からの眺望を意識したといわれる。
瀬戸内海を航海してきた外交使節などに対して
この島嶼国家王権の存在を強く印象づける意図を持っていたとされる。
やがて有用な葺き石が徐々に剥ぎ取られていって
前方後円の形状のままに自然に還元されていったのだろう。
こういう形状の建築性の高い景観のなかで王権の象徴的儀式が
ここで行われることで、権威性・支配根拠の刷り込みが行われた。
まことに、文字による記録性が存在流通しない時代には
政治経済軍事の総体的支配をあきらかにする営為だったのだと思う。

王権を行使していた人物が死亡したとき、
のちの世での「殉死」にも似た行為代償として埴輪が役立てられた。
石で組み上げられる「玄室」空間にも在りし日の遺品が収容され
その時代の空気感を伝えるタイムカプセルの役割を果たしている。
弥生時代以来の創造物として日本独自の埴輪文化をわたしたちは持つ。
ウマなどの表現には、その後の日本の芸術文化のルーツを感じる。
大和絵などから現代のマンガ文化にまで至る抽象力が凝縮されている。
日本人はこのように感じるという認識力文化。
古墳にしろ、埴輪にしろ、そういった価値感にはどのような
再現文化性が意図されていたのか、興味深い。
たぶんそこでの制作時に意図されたものがヤマト王権文化そのもの。
もちろん制作者や制作工房はその古墳とほど近い場所にあった。
普通に考えると王権側お抱えの専門家集団の存在が想像できる。
後の世の「狩野派」のような専門家集団が関与していたことはあきらか。
縄文の世が残した岡本太郎的な情念的ワイルドさは息を潜め、
形態的には科学性重視の理科系的な表現感覚が印象づけられる。
列島社会で優勢になっていったヤマト王権としては、
このような感覚常識を普遍性デザイン感覚と認識推奨していたのか。
農業土木技術による田んぼの造作、導水技術からの自然な展開として
理科的単純さ・幾何形体重視が優先されたのだろうか。

今日のわたしたちの感覚世界に於いても、生きたテーマとして
こういった造形意図の感覚は奥深くに根付いている。
言ってみれば建築空間創造のパトス部分の文化性とも感じる。

English version⬇

Kofun and Haniwa are the expression of sensitivity before writing.
When I look at Haniwa, I am not attracted by its cartoonishness (laugh). It is interesting to know that people in the past also saw things in this way. …

The culture of kofun tumuli represents a particular period of Japanese culture.
In my opinion, a large part of that culture was replaced by Buddhist temples.
The Kofun culture disappeared around the time of the introduction of Buddhism and its rise.
The Yamato regime used the Kofun culture as an icon during the expansion of its power.
The above photo shows the Oomuro tumulus group.
The photo above is a reconstruction of the Kojiko burial mound in the Omuro burial mound complex.
It is said that the entire tomb was originally covered with white thatched stones.
I think it was intended to be architectural in nature.
It was also an icon of massive civil engineering and construction technology.
The Nintoku-ryo and Daisen-kofun tumuli are said to have been built with an awareness of the view from the coastline at that time.
To diplomatic envoys and others who sailed through the Seto Inland Sea
It is said that the intention was to strongly impress the presence of the royalty of this island nation upon diplomatic envoys and others who sailed across the Inland Sea.
Eventually, the useful thatched stones were gradually stripped away
The thatched stones were gradually stripped away and left in their natural shape of an antero-posterior circle.
The symbolic rituals of kingship in this highly architectural landscape of this shape
The symbolic rituals of kingship were performed here in this highly architectural landscape, thus imprinting a basis of authority and dominance.
In fact, in an age when written records did not exist and circulate
I believe that this was an activity to clarify the overall control of politics, economy, and military affairs at a time when written records did not exist and circulate.

When a person who exercised royal authority died, he or she was
When a person who exercised royal power died, haniwa (clay figurines) were used as compensation for the act, which was similar to “martyrdom” in later times.
The “Genkan” space, constructed of stone, also houses relics from the past.
The “bas-reliefs” are also placed in the “bas-relief space,” which is made of stone and serves as a time capsule to convey the atmosphere of that period.
Haniwa culture is unique to Japan as a creation since the Yayoi period.
The expression of “Uma” (horse) is the root of the Japanese art culture that followed.
The power of abstraction, from Yamato-e to the modern manga culture, is condensed in these expressions.
Japanese people have the power of perception and culture to feel this way.
Whether it is a burial mound or a haniwa, what kind of value is intended in such a sense of value?
It is interesting to know what kind of reproduction culture was intended for such a sense of value.
Perhaps what was intended at the time of production there is the Yamato Royalty culture itself.
Of course, the creator and his workshop were located in close proximity to the tomb.
It is possible to imagine the existence of a group of specialists who were retained by the royal authority.
It is clear that a group of experts like the “Kano school” of later generations was involved.
The Taro Okamoto-like emotional wildness left behind by the Jomon period has been replaced by a more scientific and scientific approach in terms of form.
The morphology of the work gives the impression of a science-oriented, science-oriented sense of expression.
As the Yamato kingdom became dominant in the archipelagic society
The Yamato kingdom, which prevailed in the archipelago, recognized and recommended this kind of sensory common sense as a sense of universal design.
The natural progression from the construction of rice paddies and water conduit technology as agricultural engineering technology is the use of scientific simplicity and geometric shapes.
Did the emphasis on scientific simplicity and geometric forms take precedence?

In today’s world of our senses, this kind of sense of formative intent is still a living theme.
This sense of intentionality is deeply rooted in our sensory world today.
In other words, I feel that it is a cultural aspect of the pathos of architectural space creation.

Posted on 8月 14th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

上毛野氏というのは、古代日本史のなかで大きなプレーヤー。
渟〜ちぬの国と呼ばれた現在の堺などから泉南といわれる地域を
スタート地点にして東征の道筋そのまま、勢力を拡大させて
それぞれの地域で分家が進んでいったように思える。
白村江海戦（663年8月27日）の時期には上毛野稚子（わくご）は
新羅討伐「副将軍」として新羅に渡った。
普通に考えるとその軍勢を編成しまとめることに功績があった。
ヤマト政権としての新規支配地域・板東の勢力を糾合して
派遣軍全体において重要な立場だったといえるのだろう。
それだけの王権からの信頼と権益実態があったことも確かだと思う。
この時代の国際戦争、将軍役とは現地での交渉なども自由裁量があっただろうし、
また韓半島地域で人脈なども形成していたと考えるのが自然。
とくに白村江敗戦以降、百済の王民が多数、日本列島に帰化している。
かれらは当時の日本列島社会では識字率や教育水準でも先進性があり、
その後、記紀編纂や奈良期の律令国家体制成立にも主導的に関わった。
こうしたかれらとの繋がりも上毛野氏は強かったと思える。

この上毛野氏関連の古墳から出土する考古発掘物からは
「双葉剣菱杏葉」形状のものが特徴的に確認されるのだという。
いわば氏族の「アイコン」というように推定できるということ。
その古墳群が国内で12基確認され、図に示した。
上毛野氏の起源地とされる泉南地域、北陸地域、そして群馬県などに確認され、
なんと、韓半島「松鶴洞１号墳」からも確認されているとのこと。
松鶴洞は釜山の近郊地域。
上毛野氏の事跡として崇神天皇（553-592年）のときに上毛野久比という人物が
中国の呉の国に派遣されて帰朝後、計量器「秤」を天皇に渡している。
秤の日本社会への導入初見とされている。
日本書紀の記述だが三国時代の呉（222-280年）とは時代的なズレがある。
解釈すれば呉の国と通称した地域名ということだろうか。
ちなみにこの崇峻天皇は蘇我氏に暗殺された天皇。
いずれにしても、上毛野氏が大陸や半島交流で重要な役割だったことは間違いない。
古代の纏向や飛鳥時代当時の王権の生々しい内情がうかがえる。

とくに強く興味を持たされるのが、韓半島での「古墳文化」との関連性。
韓半島では「前方後円墳」が南西部局限で現存するというが、
日本国内でも時限的に出現するこの古墳タイプが
韓国国内でなぜ出現するのか、多くの事実を証していると思える。
普通に考えればヤマト王権はこうした地域に権益を保持していて
その権益との関係で百済と強い紐帯関係を持っており、
その流れで当時の「世界大戦」白村江海戦に参戦したものだろう。
副将軍だった上毛野氏は古代史のなかでも重要な氏族といえるでしょうね。

English version⬇

Traces of the Yamato Royal Family’s Political Wars: Exploration of the “Kamitukeno Clan”-3
The distinctive icons of the clan have been confirmed in 12 domestic burial mounds and in a burial mound on the Korean peninsula. Is this evidence that they were the main players in ancient political battles? …

The Kamitukeno clan is a major player in ancient Japanese history.
They started from the area called Chinu-no-kuni, which is now known as Sennan from Sakai and other areas.
The Kamitukeno clan started out in the area known as “Chinu-no-kuni” and expanded their power along the path of the Eastern Expedition.
The division of the clan seems to have progressed in each region.
At the time of the Battle of Hakusukie (August 27, 663), Wakugo Kamitukeno was
went to Silla as a “vice general” to defeat Silla.
He was usually credited with organizing and consolidating that army.
He was in an important position in the overall dispatch of the army, denouncing the forces of Bando, the newly controlled area of the Yamato regime.
It could be said that he was in an important position in the entire dispatched army.
I think it is also certain that he had that much trust from the royal authority and the reality of his interests.
In the international wars of this era, the generals would have had free reign to negotiate in the field, and they would have had personal connections in the Korean peninsula.
It is also natural to assume that he had formed personal connections in the Korean peninsula.
In particular, after the defeat at the Paekchon River, many Baekje royalty were naturalized in the Japanese archipelago.
They were advanced in terms of literacy rate and education level in the Japanese society at that time.
Later, they played a leading role in the compilation of the Chronicles of Japan and the establishment of the Ritsuryo (law and order) state system in the Nara period.
It is likely that the Kamitukeno clan had strong ties with these people.

Archaeological artifacts excavated from burial mounds related to the Kamomono Clan have been found to contain the following items
The archaeological excavations from the burial mounds related to the Kamitukeno Clan are characterized by the shape of the “double-leafed sword-rhombus leaf”.
It can be presumed that this is an “icon” of the clan, so to speak.
Twelve such tumuli have been identified in Japan and are shown in the figure.
They are located in the Sennan area, the Hokuriku area, and Gunma Prefecture, where the Kamitukeno clan is said to have originated.
The tombs have also been confirmed from “Songhak-dong No. 1” on the Korean peninsula.
Songhak-dong is a suburb of Busan.
The Kamitukeno clan is known to have been founded by a man named Kubi Kamimono during the reign of Emperor Sojin (553-592).
He was sent to Wu, China, and upon his return to Japan, he gave the emperor a scale, a measuring instrument.
This is said to be the first time that scales were introduced into Japanese society.
Although this is a description from the Nihon Shoki, there is a time gap with Wu (222-280) of the Three Kingdoms period.
The name of the region commonly referred to as the Land of Wu may be interpreted as the name of the region.
Incidentally, this Emperor Soshun was the emperor who was assassinated by the Soga clan.
In any case, there is no doubt that the Kamitukeno clan played an important role in continental and peninsular exchanges.
This book gives us a vivid picture of the inner workings of the royal power at the time of the ancient Sumo Makumuki and Asuka periods.

Of particular interest is the connection with the “kofun culture” of the Korean peninsula.
In the Korean Peninsula, “forward-rear circular tombs” are said to exist only in the southwestern part of the peninsula.
Why do these burial mounds, which also appear in Japan on a limited basis, appear in Korea?
This is a proof of many facts as to why this burial mound type appears in Korea.
It is usually thought that the Yamato royalty had interests in these areas, and that Baekje was a part of the Yamato royalty.
The Yamato kingdom had strong ties with Baekje in relation to its interests in these areas, and this was the reason for the “World War” of the time.
This is probably the reason why they participated in the “World War” of the time, the Battle of Hakusukie.
The Kamitukeno clan, who were vice generals, are probably one of the most important clans in ancient history.

Posted on 8月 12th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »