越中五箇山の江向家、とっつきとしてはいわゆる合掌造りがポピュラーすぎて
やや戸惑いながら写真に導かれて、詳細を追体験してみた最終回。
寒冷気候対応として、基本的に「閉じる建築」対応なので、
印象として閉塞感を感じながら始めたのだけれど、
深掘りするほど、日本人的な感性がひしひしと伝わってきてあふれるばかり。
こういう空間で耐える冬のくらしがどんな情念を日本人DNAに刻印したのか、
深く興味を持たざるを得ない。
日本人は現代で多地域間婚姻を通してDNAはブレンドされていっているので、
この五箇山での暮らしようにも、いまのわれわれに伝わるものがあるのだと思う。
基本は架構構造で、根曲がりの木材を梁として利用して大屋根を支える伝承技術。
地域で独自に気候風土に合致した家づくりを日本人は積層させてきた。
この多雪寒冷地域で、成長過程で矮化圧力にさらされ、それでもなお生長した木に
その耐久性に目を向けて活用した先人たちの叡智を思わされる。
このような工夫こそが、日本の「ものづくり」精神基盤を形成したのだと思う。

そして合掌造りと言えば、定期的に葺き替えられる茅葺き屋根。
この作業工程を地域住宅文化として継承させてきた先人の知恵には
やはり地域全体の家づくりの叡智を感じさせられる。
作業工程を職人に依存せず可能なようにひとつひとつ数学的に構想し、
地域全体の「結」の力で永続させてきた社会。
現代世界でわれわれは、地域市町村や国家に所属しているけれど、
この建物が永続してきた時代、われわれは村落共同体というマユで
大きく包み込まれていのちを繋いできた。


もちろん山深い飛騨白川地域では独特の「大家族制度」があって、
個人主義的な自由や家族制度とは隔絶した部分も、あったのだと言われる。
＜これについて読者のT氏から資料をいただいた。機会を見て触れたい＞
しかし江戸期の一般的な村落共同体ではムラには自主的指揮命令系統があって、
社会運営自体は非常に「民主的」に取り仕切られていた部分があったのだとされる。
先日、日本全国地図を江戸期に作成した伊能忠敬の事跡を知る機会があったが、
ムラ社会統率者のかれは測量技術で属した共同体発展に大きな遺産を残したという。
日本のムラ社会・村落共同体の実態についてもっと知りたくなった。
この村落共同体の力で江戸幕府政治支配は、ほぼ無関係に維持されてきたのかと。
五箇山のひとつひとつの合掌造りは、そういう村落共同体社会の
いわば「共同資産」として永く存続し続けてきたものなのだと思う。
現代全盛の個人主義だけが、社会のありようとしてより「進化」したものかどうか。
こうした建築が生きながらえてきた経緯を思えば、ふと疑問も湧いてくる。

English version⬇

[Thatched and village community / Japanese good house ⑳-5]

The so-called gassho-zukuri style is too popular for the Emukai family in Gokayama, Etchu.
The final episode where I was a little confused and guided by the photos to relive the details.
As it is compatible with cold climates, it is basically compatible with “closed architecture”.
I started with a feeling of blockage as an impression,
The deeper you dig, the more Japanese sensibilities are transmitted and overflow.
What kind of feelings did the winter life that endures in such a space imprint on Japanese DNA?
I have to be deeply interested.
Since the DNA of the Japanese is blended through multi-regional marriage in modern times,
I think there is something that can be conveyed to us today, even in the way we live in Gokayama.
The basic structure is a frame structure, which is a traditional technique that supports a large roof by using bent wood as beams.
The Japanese have been building houses that are unique to the region and that match the climate.
In this heavy snow and cold region, trees that have been exposed to dwarfing pressure during the growth process and still grow
It seems to be the wisdom of the ancestors who turned their attention to its durability and utilized it.
I think that this kind of ingenuity formed the spiritual foundation of Japan’s “manufacturing.”

Speaking of gassho-zukuri, thatched roofs are regularly re-roofed.
To the wisdom of the ancestors who have inherited this work process as a local housing culture
After all, you can feel the wisdom of building a house in the entire area.
Mathematically conceive one by one so that the work process can be done without depending on the craftsman,
A society that has been perpetuated by the power of “Yui” in the entire region.
In the modern world, we belong to local municipalities and nations,
In an era when this building was permanent, we were in Mayu, a village community.
It was wrapped up in a big way and connected the life.

Of course, there is a unique “large family system” in this mountainous area such as Hida Shirakawa.
It is said that there was a part that was isolated from individualistic freedom and the family system.

However, in the general village community of the Edo period, Mura had a voluntary command system.
It is said that the social management itself had a part that was very “democratic”.
The other day, I had the opportunity to learn about the history of Ino Tadataka, who created the first map of Japan.
He is said to have left a great legacy on the progress of the village community with his surveying techniques.
I wanted to know more about the actual situation of Japan’s uneven society and village community.
I wonder if the political system of the Edo Shogunate has been maintained almost independently by the power of this village community.
Each of Gokayama’s gassho-zukuri is a village community society.
So to speak, I think it has been a “joint asset” for a long time.
Whether only modern-day individualism is more “evolved” in the way society is supposed to be.
When I think about how such architecture has survived, I suddenly have questions.

Posted on 2月 2nd, 2021 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究