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【江戸期「旅宿」機能のしつらい 大和歴史証言-21】





さて、奈良県立民俗博物館の展示住宅「臼井家」を見て来たけれど、
説明資料と実相にはやや相違があるように感じられた。
わたしとしては「半商半農」的住宅という説明はなじまなく感じ
むしろ江戸期の移動交通の実相を伝える貴重な民俗遺構と思った次第です。
半外半内的な庇の下の「待合空間」は、まるで定刻発車を待つ
プラットホーム的な機能性を感じさせてくれるし、
広大な土間空間は多人数の集散の場としての「待合」を感じさせられた。
そして本日ご紹介の和室群には宿泊機能性を想起させる。
この「駅舎」的建築は、奈良地域・高取藩の藩庁舎の城下に位置する。
なので城主・殿様と「お目見え」に外部訪問者が来たときに
その直前、前日に身ごしらえをするための宿泊場所が必要になる。
多様な身分性社会を反映して床の間付きの居室も用意された。
たとえば他藩から公用で来訪した客人が高取藩の役人などと接触するときに
「では城下の伊勢屋にてお待ちします」みたいな施設として使われた。
ちょうど現代の応接的ホテルのような使われ方。

１枚目の写真には奥に「土蔵」も映り込んでいる。
多様な用途にふさわしい演出装置が仕舞い込まれていて
この床の間付き和室で、セレモニー的な対応も可能だったのではないか。
この空間の視線手前側には格子窓がしつらえられている。
簡易ながらも来訪宿泊者が城中からの対応者との約束時間を待ち、
随行者は格子窓の障子越にその気配を察知していた光景が想像される。

そうした場面演出用の道具類の出し入れに
渡り廊下がしつらえられている。
庭にも開放された眺望空間のなかで一種の「趣向」としても
この渡り廊下は機能したものかも知れない。
屋根の付いた搬入搬出廊下というのは面白い空間趣向。
一方、土間に隣接した和室居室群は通常の「旅宿」空間の機能を感じる。
塗り籠め的な収納室に多彩な空間仕切り建具類が収められて
臨機応変に宿泊者に対してのサービスを提供していた。
土間に鎮座する「おくどさん」で調理された料理群が板の間で調理・配膳され、
旅宿者にふるまわれた光景が浮かんでくるように思う。
武家社会的な格式重視の制度のなかでの「移動交通」の機能建築空間。
そういった実相がこうした建築要素から漂ってくるように思われます。

やはり昔人のくらし用を伝えてくれる古建築空間は楽しい。
日本人的な息づかいが随所から立ち上ってくる瞬間があり、
そういうリアリティがこころの琴線の部分につよく響き渡ってくる。
時間を越えて住空間・建築空間が伝えてくれているもの、
いわば「民族の消息」がたくさんタイムカプセルされていますね。

English version⬇

The Edo Period Hotel”Tabi-Shuku” Functional Structure: Yamato Historical Testimony-21
A time capsule of “the breath of the people. Our ancestors lived wrapped in this kind of space and style. A dialogue that transcends time. The dialogue that transcends time.

I visited the “Usui Family,” a house on display at the Nara Prefectural Museum of Folklore.
I found some discrepancies between the description of the house and the actual condition of the house.
For me, the description of the house as a “half-merchant, half-farmer” house does not seem to fit.
Rather, I thought it was a valuable folklore site that conveys the reality of mobile transportation during the Edo period.
The “waiting space” under the half-outer, half-interior eaves of the house is like a platform where one waits for a train to depart on time.
The vast earthen floor space is a place for multiple people.
The vast earthen floor space gives the impression of a “waiting area” as a place where many people gather and disperse.
And the Japanese-style rooms introduced today remind us of the functionality of lodging.
This “station house” building is located under the castle of the Takatori domain in the Nara area.
Therefore, when the lord of the castle and visitors came to “see the lord”, they would stay in the building for a few days.
A place to stay to prepare themselves just before and the day before is necessary.
Reflecting the diverse status society, rooms with tokonoma (alcove) were also prepared.
For example, when a visitor from another clan on official business came to Takatori to meet with a Takatori official, he was asked to stay at the Iseya on the castle grounds.
The guest room was used as a facility for such a meeting.
It was used just like a modern reception hotel.

In the first photo, you can also see the storehouse in the back.
The storehouse is furnished with staging equipment suitable for various uses.
This Japanese-style room with an alcove could have been used for ceremonial purposes.
A lattice window is placed on the front side of this space.
The guests could wait for their appointments with their counterparts from the castle, and the attendants could enter the room through the sliding lattice window.
The accompanying guests could sense their presence through the shoji screens of the lattice window.

For loading and unloading the tools used to stage such scenes
The hallway is used as a place for loading and unloading the tools for such scenes.
This corridor may have functioned as a kind of “taste” in a space with a view that was open to the garden.
This corridor may have functioned as a kind of “taste” in a space with a view that was also open to the garden.
The roofed corridor for carrying in and out is an interesting spatial feature.
On the other hand, the group of Japanese-style rooms adjacent to the earthen floor seems to have the function of an ordinary “Ryabi-juku” space.
Various space-partitioning fittings are installed in a lacquered storage room.
The room was used to provide services to the guests in a flexible manner.
The food prepared in the “okudo-san” on the earthen floor is cooked and served in the board room.
The scene of food prepared in the “okudo-san,” which sat in the earthen floor, being cooked and served in the boardroom and served to the guests at the inn seems to come to mind.
This was a functional architectural space for “mobile transportation” in the context of a system that emphasized the prestige of samurai society.
These architectural elements seem to convey the reality of such a situation.

I enjoy old architectural spaces that convey the lifestyle of people of the past.
There are moments when the Japanese sense of life rises up from everywhere.
Such reality resonates with the heartstrings.
The living and architectural spaces convey something that transcends time, something that is “the disappearance of the people.
In other words, there are many time capsules of the “disappearance of the people.

Posted on 7月 17th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【移動交通「用の建築」の空気感 大和歴史証言-20】



江戸期の「駅逓」とでもいえる用途の建築、旧臼井邸。
一種の「公共建築」という方がその機能を表している。
上の写真の、庇が張り出した半外半内的な空間などは
一種の「プラットホーム」というような機能空間だとわかってくるし、
その下の写真は、多くの人が参集する待合土間空間とも思える。
実際に1700年代初頭の建築年代にはそのように使われたに違いない。
奈良県の中部の高取藩の家臣が「公用」で出掛けるとき
下命に即しての公務出張に際して、このプラットホームで人馬の用意を待ち
そして整った人馬を従えて旅立っていった。
広大な土間空間では道中での旅行食などを用意したり
随行の人馬が荷物を整理点検しているような光景が浮かんでくる。
出立する人々を「見送る」人も参集して、往来の場であったことだろう。
この建築は高取藩の「公用」としてが主要目的だったけれど、
そういう公務機能支援を町方として支配者から仰せつかる見返りとして
通常の庶民の移動交通についてのサービス役務も果たしていたことが
容易に想像することができる。
多くの荷物を馬で運んで移動する社会ニーズを業務として担っていた。
やがてこうした機能性空間は現代の駅空間に変容していくのだろうけれど
そのネイティブな空気感が漂っているように思われる。
石高は「管理している」地域をすべて含めても10万石程度規模の
城下町なのでそう大きな役務が発生したとは思えない。
現代で言えば人口10万人程度の地方駅舎と類推可能だろうか。
ただ、京都と紀州を結び平野部の最後の場所でここからは山道の地域性。
往来の結節点としてそこそこの活気が想像できる。
出会いと別れ、というような人間ドラマの舞台をそこに想像することができる。

わたしも多くの数百年単位の古建築を見て来たけれど、
こういう機能性空間ははじめてのような気がする。
これは300年前くらいの空間だけれど、
考えて見ると日本史では数多くの「合戦」があり全国規模の往来記録もある。
源平合戦期などが象徴的に「移動交通」を実感させるけれど
とくに「兵站」ということではこのような街道・宿場・通運機能が必須。
列島社会では神武東征以来、壬申の乱などの時期から
活発な「東西交通」の痕跡を発見することができる。
東北地域の支配権を確立した藤原清衡は政権発足と同時に支配地を縦断する街道に
里標の設置を命じているし、徳川家康も関東に幕府を開くと同時に
京大阪との交通路の整備整頓を命じている。
その時代の社会の中で、移動交通の手段の整備というのは常にキモだった。
建築にはこういう空気感を追体験する機縁があると思う。

English version⬇

The former Usui Residence is a building that can be described as an “ekimae” (station delivery service) of the Edo period.
The function of the building is better described as a kind of “public architecture.
The half-outside, half-inner space with overhanging eaves in the photo above is a kind of functional space like a “platform.
The photo below shows a space that is a kind of “platform”.
The photo below shows a space with an earthen floor where many people gather to wait.
In fact, it must have been used as such during its construction period in the early 1700s.
When a vassal of the Takatori clan in the central part of Nara Prefecture went on an “official” trip
When a vassal of the Takatori clan in the central part of Nara Prefecture went on an official business trip, he would wait for his men and horses to be ready on this platform.
Then, they departed with their horses and men.
The vast earthen floor space was used to prepare food for the journey and to check the luggage of the accompanying men and horses.
I can imagine the scene of the accompanying horses and men sorting and inspecting their baggage.
People who were “seeing off” departing travelers also gathered here, and it must have been a place of traffic.
Although the main purpose of this building was for “official use” of the Takatori clan
In return for being asked by the ruler to support the official functions of the Takatori clan
It is easy to imagine that the building was also used to provide transportation services for the common people.
It is easy to imagine that the clan was also responsible for providing transportation services for the common people.
The township was responsible for the social needs of the people to carry a large amount of goods by horseback.
Eventually, these functional spaces would be transformed into modern station spaces.
the native atmosphere of the area seems to be in the air.
Even if we include all the areas “managed” by the castle town, the total amount of stone value is only about 100,000 koku.
It is hard to believe that such a large scale of government service occurred in this castle town.
In modern times, it would be analogous to a regional station house with a population of about 100,000.
However, it is the last place on the plain connecting Kyoto and Kishu, and from here, it is a mountainous area.
As a nodal point for traffic, one can imagine a certain amount of activity.
We can imagine a stage for human dramas such as encounters and partings.

I have seen many old buildings that are several hundred years old, but this is the first time for me to see such a functional space.
I have seen many old buildings that are several hundred years old, but I have never seen a functional space like this.
This space is about 300 years old.
When you think about it, there have been many “battles” in Japanese history, and there are records of traffic on a national scale.
The Gempei War period, for example, symbolically evokes the sense of “mobile transportation.
Especially in terms of “logistics,” such highways, post stations, and transportation functions are indispensable.
In the archipelago, since the Jinmu Expedition and the Jinshin Rebellion, there have been traces of active “east-west transportation”.
Since the Jinmu-Tokugi expedition, traces of active “East-West transportation” can be found in the archipelago society.
Fujiwara no Kiyohira, who established control over the Tohoku region, ordered the installation of “ri-markers” along the roads that traversed the area he controlled as soon as he assumed power.
Tokugawa Ieyasu also ordered the establishment of transportation routes to and from Kyoto and Osaka at the same time he established the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Kanto region.
Tokugawa Ieyasu also ordered the construction of transportation routes to and from Kyoto and Osaka at the same time he established the shogunate in the Kanto region.
In the society of that era, the maintenance of means of transportation was always a key element.
I believe that architecture provides an opportunity to experience this kind of atmosphere.

Posted on 7月 16th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【公用伝馬役「伊勢屋」縁空間 大和歴史証言-19】




公用伝馬役という江戸期の交通制度を担っていたのがこの家の基本的な役割。
当然、現代住宅のように「個人主義」的建築目的とは相違する。
高取藩という公儀に対してその公用交通の人馬を用意していた。
以下、日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)「伝馬役」よりの要旨引用。

〜公用伝馬役は伝馬に従事する課役。荘園制度下では馬を所有の名主らが負担。
戦国大名の下で伝馬を負担するのは道路沿いの宿駅と付近の村々。
伝馬役は一般夫役とともに銭納化され一方で営業伝馬の経営が認められた。
近世には宿駅制度設置され任務は公用通行の貨客に対する人馬提供だが、
原則として一宿ごとの継送(つぎおく)りを負担した。これが御伝馬役で、
馬役（うまえき）と歩行役（人足役）。東海道伝馬の制は1601年制定。〜
・・・江戸幕府の成立期から最重要社会インフラとして整備された。
逆に言うと、それ以前の時代には移動交通がどのようにされていたか、
たとえば源平合戦期からの全国での戦争での人馬移動にどのような兵站が
用意され実施されていたのか、研究する必要がありそう。・・・
〜多くの宿駅が36疋の伝馬常備し1638年以降は100人100疋の定置人馬制度。
中山道では50人50疋で、他の街道は25人25疋が原則である。
伝馬役負担は軒別基準が、城下町では大小間割・間口割に移行し、
平野部では馬役は持高割、歩行役は軒別割のままか小間割に移行した
この負担代償として町屋敷地「地子免除」商業上の「特権賦与」がある。
伝馬役が宿駅人馬負担で困難になり近隣農村にも課せられたのが助郷(すけごう)。
それが増大すると1764年の武蔵、上野などで中山道「伝馬大騒動」問題化した。〜

江戸期までの社会というのはこのような非合理な武家の用による
支配制度体制であって、そういう桎梏の中で運営されていた。
上述のように「騒動」まで起こっていたとすれば、
相当の負担が課せられていたことになり、その「見返り」がどうであったか、
一方で江戸期には「伊勢参り」「四国八十八箇所」などの宗教参詣が
「観光」ブームを呼んでさまざまな文化経済も沸き起こっていった。
そういうなかで「宿駅」という経済活動も活発化していたこともわかる。
京大阪から熊野・紀州などへの通行路であったことから
伊勢屋さんはどのように繁盛していたか、興味も起こる（笑）。
こういう建築の性格から前面道路に対して庇を差し出し、
その下の空間を内部的空間にする活用スタイルが見られている。
公用での移動交通に際して藩役人たちが荷役人馬の用意を待つ間、
亭主を相手に座敷縁で一服するという光景が浮かんでくる。
また、そういう公用以外のときには宿駅ビジネスとしてホテル業などの
実態もあったに相違ないと思われますね。
わたしの家系でも広島県福山近在で関連事業伝承もあり、興味は尽きません・・・。

English version⬇

The space around “Iseya,” the official messenger of the Yamato Historical Records – 19
“Oh Iseya, have you noticed any unusual movements recently?” A scene of information exchange in the mobile transportation business during the Edo period. …

The basic role of this house was to serve the transportation system of the Edo period, called “official denma yaku”.
Naturally, this is different from the “individualistic” architectural purpose of modern houses.
The Takatori clan, a public institution, provided men and horses for its official transportation system.
The following is an excerpt from the Nippon Encyclopedia of Japan (Nipponica), “Denmayaku.

〜The official denmayaku was a division of the clan that was in charge of horseback transportation. Under the manorial system, the burden was borne by the feudal lords who owned horses.
Under the feudal lords of the Warring States period, the denma yaku were assigned to inns along roads and villages in the vicinity.
The denma yaku were paid in coins as well as general husbandry, while the management of business denma was permitted.
In the early modern period, the shukueki system was established, and its duty was to provide men and horses for the official transportation of goods and passengers.
In the early modern period, a shukueki system was established, and while the duties of the shukueki were to provide men and horses for official passengers, in principle they were responsible for the transportation of passengers per inn. This was the “go-denba-yaku,” or “horseman” and “pedestrian.
There were two types of duties: horseback riding and walking (jinzoku yakuza). The Tokaido-denba system was established in 1601. 〜The Edo Shogunate was established in 1601.
The Tokaido Shinkansen was the most important social infrastructure from the early days of the Edo Shogunate.
Conversely, it is important to understand how mobile transportation was conducted in earlier periods.
For example, what kind of logistics were prepared and implemented for the movement of people and horses in wars across the country from the Genpei War period?
What kind of logistics were prepared and implemented for the movement of people and horses in wars across the country since the Genpei period, for example?
〜Many inns and stations had 36 horses, and from 1638 onward, 100 horses for 100 men were set for each inn.
On the Nakasendo, 50 men and 50 horses were used, and on other roads, 25 men and 25 horses were used in principle.
The burden of the horse messenger was divided by house, but in castle towns, it was divided between small and large houses, and in mountainous areas, it was divided between small and large houses.
In the plains, the burden for horsemen was divided according to the height of the horse, while the burden for walkers was either divided by eaves or by booths.
In return for this burden, the landowners were exempted from the use of townhouse sites and were granted commercial privileges.
As it became difficult to provide horse messengers for the station, the burden was also placed on neighboring farm villages, and this was known as sukego.
As this increased, it became a problem in 1764 when the Nakasendo “Denma Dai-riot” broke out in Musashi, Ueno, Shinano, and other areas. 〜The “Denma Riots” of 1764

Until the Edo period, society was based on this kind of irrational system of control by the warrior class.
The society until the Edo period was a ruling system based on such irrational samurai usage, and was managed under such fetters.
If there had even been a “riot” as described above, it would have been a considerable burden.
If there was even a “riot” as described above, a considerable burden was imposed, and one wonders what the “quid pro quo” was.
On the other hand, during the Edo period, religious pilgrimages to Ise, Shikoku’s 88 temples, and other places of worship became the focus of a “tourism” boom.
On the other hand, during the Edo period, religious pilgrimages to Ise and the 88 temples of Shikoku triggered a “sightseeing” boom and various cultural economic activities.
In this context, the economic activity of “shukueki” (lodging stations) also became active.
Since Iseya was a passageway from Kyoto-Osaka to Kumano, Kishu, etc., how did Iseya thrive?
It would be interesting to see how Iseya was prospering (laugh).
The building is designed with a cloister over the road in front of it, and the space under the cloister is used as an interior space.
The style of utilizing the space under the eaves as an interior space is seen in this building.
The building was used as a place for clan officials to sit with their guests while they waited for their horses to be ready for official transportation.
The scene of clan officials sitting on the edge of the tatami room with their host while waiting for their horses to be ready for official transportation comes to mind.
It is also likely that there must have been a hotel business in the area.
I am sure that there must have been a hotel business in the area.
In my family, there are related businesses in the vicinity of Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, and my interest in them is boundless….

Posted on 7月 15th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【旧・高取藩城下「半商半農」の町家 大和歴史証言-18】




旧臼井家住宅（国指定重要文化財）
母屋／切妻造茅葺き　桁行９間　梁間３間
二面庇付き本瓦葺き
内蔵／土蔵造り本瓦葺き　２階建て

奈良県をよく旅するようになって気付くのは
奈良県というのは南部の多くが山岳地帯であり、その山並みに区切られた
盆地の最北部に「奈良市」があって、やがて京都に都が
移転していく歴史経緯を考えると平野部南端から徐々に「北上」した
そういうやまとの国の流れというものを感じることができる。
纏向は盆地のやや東端部にあるけれど、そこから一旦、王権は南下して
飛鳥の地にとどまり、その後藤原京の造営から北上が開始され
平安京奈良の大都市造営が時代を画していって、
やがて京都に大きく飛躍して移転したという経緯かと。
そういうなかにあってこの住宅が建てられたのは江戸期、約300年前という。
３番目の間取り・地図では奈良県の北西側と見えるけれど、
おおむねの地理感覚はこのように規定できる。

奈良県地域は南都として宗教勢力が異常なパワーを持っていて
鎌倉〜戦国期から江戸期の武士の時代でも
なかなか治めにくい地域だったことは疑いないと思う。
豊臣期には京大阪を押さえた秀吉政権の後背地域として
秀吉の弟、大納言秀長が押さえ、さらに後背の紀州までも彼が統治した。
秀長にしても南都奈良を避けて、その隣接の大和郡山を拠点とした。
そういう武権統治の難しい地域だったと言われる。
明日香村と橿原市と隣り合う「高取」には城が築かれ
江戸期には「高取藩」が最盛期石高10万石で営まれていた。
はじめは秀長の系統の家臣出自の大名が支配したが
やがて徳川氏の家臣が親藩として支配するようになったという。
植村氏という士族が、幕末には尊皇派として活動し
明治になっても無事に家を持ちこたえ続けていたという。
この「旧臼井家」住宅は、その高取城の城下町の大手街道に面して
藩の「公用伝馬」の役を務めるかたわら、酒・醬油販売を行って繁盛し
城下町の「大年寄」を務めていた家柄だという。
きのうはこの家の土間に鎮座する「おくどさん」をクローズアップした。

この家は左側の２間を商家ふうの「格子構え」としながら、
いかにも農家風の平面と外観を持っているとされる。
高取藩は奈良盆地から吉野に向かう旧街道に面していて
純粋な商業地域では無いけれど
基本は農業地帯でありながら街道筋としての商業的性格もあった、
というような街区の性格を表現した住宅と思います。
シンプルな機能性に従った簡素な姿カタチが美しい。

English version⬇

A “Half Trader, Half Farmer” Townhouse under the Former Takatori Domain Castle, Yamato Historical Testimony-18
The Nara Basin has a different regional character from the active Kyoto-Osaka economic zone. A blend of farmhouse and merchant-style lattice design. Simple functional appearance. The house is a mixture of…

Former Usui Family Residence (Designated by the national government as an important cultural property)
Main house / Gabled roof with thatched roof, 9 ken (girder length), 3 ken (beam length)
Tile roof with eaves on two sides
Gut: 2 stories, earthen storehouse style, tile roofing

As I travel around Nara Prefecture more and more, I notice that
Nara Prefecture is a mountainous region in the southern part of the prefecture, and the northernmost part of the basin is called “Nara-bon”, which is separated by the mountain range.
The city of Nara was located in the northernmost part of the basin, and the capital was eventually moved to Kyoto.
The capital was eventually relocated to Kyoto, and the history of Nara shows that the capital gradually moved northward from the southern edge of the plain.
The city of Mimamukai is located on the eastern edge of the basin.
Mato-mukai is located in the eastern part of the basin, but once there, the royal power moved southward to Asuka, and then moved northward to Kyoto.
The royal power once moved southward to Asuka, and then began to move northward with the construction of the Fujiwara-kyo capital.
The construction of the Heian-kyo and Nara-kyo metropolises marked the era.
The construction of the Heian-kyo and Nara-kyo metropolises marked the era, and eventually, the capital moved to Kyoto in a great leap forward.
It is said that this house was built in the Edo period, about 300 years ago.
The third floor plan and the map show the house on the northwest side of Nara Prefecture.
The third floor plan and map shows the area to the northwest of Nara Prefecture, but the general geographical sense of the area can be defined as follows

The Nara area, as the southern capital of Japan, was an area where religious forces had unusual power.
Even during the Kamakura, Sengoku, and Edo periods, it was a very difficult area to govern.
There is no doubt that it was a difficult region to govern even during the Kamakura, Sengoku, and Edo periods.
During the Toyotomi period, the area was the hinterland of Hideyoshi’s government, which controlled Kyoto and Osaka.
In the Toyotomi period, the area was ruled by Hideyoshi’s younger brother, Dainagon Hidenaga, who also ruled Kishu, which was located behind Hideyoshi.
Hidenaga also avoided Nara, the southern capital of Japan, and used Yamatokoriyama, adjacent to Nara, as his base of operations.
It is said to have been such a difficult region to govern by military authority.
A castle was built in Takatori, which is adjacent to Asuka Village and Kashihara City.
In the Edo period, the Takatori clan was at its peak, with a total of 100,000 koku in stone.
At first, it was ruled by feudal lords from the line of Hidenaga’s vassals.
Eventually, vassals of the Tokugawa clan came to rule as the parent clan.
A warrior clan called the Uemura clan acted as the Emperor’s faction at the end of the Edo period, and
The family continued to hold on to their house safely even after the Meiji period.
This “old Usui Family” house is located facing the Ote Highway in the castle town of Takatori Castle, and is said to be the residence of the clan’s “official messenger”.
While serving as the clan’s “official messenger,” the family also sold sake and shoyu, and prospered as the “Oenyoyomi” of the castle town.
The family was said to have been the “Oenyoro” of the castle town.
Yesterday, I took a close-up look at the “okudo-san” that sits on the earthen floor of the house.

The two rooms on the left side of the house are latticework in the style of a merchant house.
The house is said to have a “lattice structure” in the style of a merchant house between the two rooms on the left side, while having a farmhouse-like plan and appearance.
The Takatori domain faces the old highway from the Nara basin to Yoshino.
It is not a purely commercial area.
It is not a purely commercial area, but it is basically an agricultural area, but it also had a commercial character as a highway.
The house seems to express the character of the district.
The simple form of the house, which follows simple functionality, is very beautiful.

Posted on 7月 14th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【奈良古民家の調理火力「おくどさん」 大和歴史証言-17】



さて本日から通常の住宅探訪シリーズに復帰いたします。
奈良県での飛鳥、纏向の探訪シリーズの延長で大和郡山の奈良県立民俗博物館
野外展示の古民家群からであります。
写真の住宅は旧・臼井家住宅。建築推定年代は1700年代初期。
いまから300年前の住宅ということになります。
移築復元前は高市郡高取町上土佐にあった町家建築。
このあたりの建築の素性その他については明日以降紹介します。

とにかく目を驚かされるのがこの調理火力「おくどさん」であります。
カマドは日本人のいのちを支え続けた基本火力。
薪などのバイオマス熱源をエネルギー源にして
日本人の基本食であるコメの調理に最適化された装置。
始めちょろちょろ、なかパッパ、赤子泣いても・・・、
という日本食の基本中の基本ですが、
土間のなかでドーンと構えていて迫力がある。
こちらの家では５つの火力プレートが装置されている。
大家族のため、というよりももっと多くの人間の用に供されたか。
上の写真ではそれぞれのプレートに対して火力調節口が見えている。
適時薪をくべながらあれこれの料理を作っていったのでしょう。
その火加減を管理するための腰掛け椅子も置かれて
いかにも日本のおかあさん、母性が食を支えている様子が伝わってくる。
これだけの集中火力なので熱効率はかなり高かったことでしょう。
手前側も含めて３方向に開口部が開いていて
通風換気によって燃焼効率を確保している。
おくどさんの外装仕上げとして黒く塗装されていて、
現代のシステムキッチンよりもはるかに美観的訴求力。
火力管理する側に対して微妙に円形配置されていることで
機能性デザイン性双方で強いインパクト。
石の土台が敷かれその上に乗っかっているが、
手前側調理管理者側にはもう１段の石積みが施されている。
用済みになった灰などを手前側に掻きだし、処分する用途がわかる。

見ているとつい扱ってみたくなる（笑）。
これだけの強力火力装置であれば、火を通しにくい手強い根菜類も
じっくり手懐けることがカンタンにできそうに思われる。
そしてボリューム感、楕円形状の機能性とも
現代のキッチンに対して取り入れていくことが可能なのではないか。
なにより個性的で親しみやすいその姿は、
いかにも「毎日の食生活を楽しくします」みたいなメッセージ力がある。
こちらの野外展示古民家群では、このタイプの「おくどさん」が多数派。
全国の古民家を見ているけれど、奈良には共通性があるのか。
そうであれば、独特の作り手、その文化が存在するように思われた次第。

English version⬇

Cooking fire power “Okudosan” in an old minka (traditional Japanese house) in Nara, Yamato Historical Testimony-17
The fire power that sustains life. The performance and design grab your attention. The oval flat surface and black shiny rounded exterior appeal to mother nature. ・・・・・.

Today we will return to our regular series of house visits.
As an extension of the Asuka and Mukai series in Nara Prefecture, we will be returning to the Nara Prefectural Museum of Folklore in Yamatokoriyama.
This is from a group of old houses in the open-air exhibition at Nara Prefectural Museum of Folklore in Yamatokoriyama, Nara Prefecture.
The house in the photo is the former Usui Family Residence. The estimated date of construction is early 1700s.
It was built 300 years ago.
Before the reconstruction, the house was located in Kamitosa, Takatori Town, Takaichi County.
I will introduce the architectural background of the house and other details tomorrow.

The most striking feature of the house is the cooking fireplace “okudo-san”.
Kamado is the basic heat source that has sustained the life of the Japanese people.
It uses biomass heat sources such as firewood as its energy source.
This device is optimized for cooking rice, the basic food of the Japanese people.
The basic Japanese food, “Start a little bit, then a little bit, then a little bit, then a little bit, then a little bit, then a little bit….
The basic of Japanese food.
The kitchen is a powerful one, standing in the earthen floor.
In this house, there are five heat plates.
They are used not only for a large family, but also for many other people.
In the photo above, you can see the heat control ports for each plate.
It is likely that the cooks cooked various dishes while lighting the firewood at the right time.
A chair was also placed to control the heat level.
This is a scene that shows how Japanese mothers and motherhood support food preparation.
The heat efficiency must have been quite high because of the concentrated heat.
There are openings in three directions, including the front side.
Combustion efficiency is ensured by ventilation.
It was painted black as an exterior finish for the okudo.
aesthetic appeal much more than modern system kitchens.
The subtle circular arrangement against the fire control side has a strong impact on both functionality and design.
The circular arrangement of the fire control side has a strong impact in terms of both functionality and design.
The stone base is laid on top of the stone base.
The cooking manager’s side in the foreground has another layer of stone piles.
It is clear that this is used to scrape out and dispose of used ashes and other materials on the front side.

Looking at it makes me want to handle it (laughs).
With such a powerful fireplace, even tough root vegetables that are difficult to heat through can be slowly tamed.
It seems that with such a powerful device, it would be easy to tame even the toughest root vegetables that are difficult to heat through.
The volume and the functionality of the elliptical shape are both
The volume and functionality of the oval shape could be incorporated into the modern kitchen.
Above all, the unique and friendly appearance of the kitchenware is surely “enjoyable for everyday dining.
The unique and friendly appearance of the kitchen is a message of “making your daily eating life more enjoyable.
This type of “okudo-san” is the majority in this group of old houses on display in the open-air exhibition.
I have been looking at old private houses all over Japan, but is there a commonality in Nara?
If so, it seems that there is a unique culture and creator of these old houses in Nara.

Posted on 7月 13th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

【古民家はひとの「生き死に」を感じさせる・・・】



しばらく歴史時間が経過したら、このいまの日本の状況は
「あのとき・・・」と語られる時空間になっていくと思う。
宮内庁情報として「天皇陛下のご心境」について側聞する形の発表があり
「こころを傷められている」とされた。
天皇の政治関与を禁じた憲法下でギリギリのアナウンスか。
日本政府機関に先駆けてアメリカ政府機関では星条旗が「半旗」とされた。
イギリスからは正式にエリザベス女王の弔意が発出され、
彼女の肉声とともに安倍元首相夫妻との写真が発表されていた。
この発表は自由主義世界の反応に着火点を与えたとも見えるし、
それが世界の「常識的反応」でもあるように思う。
続いてなんとローマ法王からもその死を悼む旨の発表とのこと。
奈良県の狙撃現場では弔問のための臨時施設が設けられ
むしろ若い年代の弔問者の姿が多く見られるのだという・・・。
また、いま世界中から非難を浴びているロシアのプーチン大統領からも
肉声の感じられる弔文が寄せられたと伝わっている。

ロシアのプーチン大統領はアメリカに押しつけられた憲法をすら
改定できていない実態を指摘し「日本は本当に独立国家なのか？」と
日露交渉に立ち向かっていた安倍元首相に言い放っていたという。
ロシアにして見れば、北方領土を返還することは
アメリカの軍事基地がロシアを直接狙う場所に作られる可能性を意味する。
まるでアメリカに領土を奪われると認識するのに根拠はある。
こんな外交交渉のリアルな姿の一端が、あきらかになっても来ている。
・・・
安倍元首相の足跡は、このような形で今後の日本に影響をもたらすだろう。
政治家のいのちの値打ちとは国のありように係わること、と考えると
その生死のいかんと関わりなく、影響はむしろ大きくなっていくだろう。
その突然の死と参議院選挙という大波が終わって
昨日今日の葬儀を経て、一定の静寂が来るまで今後は見通しにくい。

ということで住宅メディアの人間のブログとしては
はやく普通の静寂な環境で住文化テーマに復帰したいのですが
復帰するタイミングをなかなか見いだせません。
写真は安倍元首相が狙撃された奈良県の古民家展示施設。
いろいろな写真を撮影してきているのですが、
どの写真を見ても、先人の息づかいのようなものが感じられる。
当然ですが住宅は生身の人間がそこで生まれ育ち、そして死を迎える場所。
いかにも人の生き死にのリアリティが画面の背景に存在する。
喜怒哀楽があり、そして先祖との共生を深く感じる空間。
どうも、どんな写真からもそんな空気感が漂ってきてしまう。
知らず知らず「いのち」をリスペクトする気分に浸っている自分がいます。

English version⬇

The old house reminds us of people’s “life and death”…
Funeral proceedings for former Prime Minister Abe. The world’s reaction is announced to Japanese society one after another. A sense of symbiosis between the world and Japan. …

After a while of historical time, this current situation in Japan
I believe that after some time passes, this current situation in Japan will become a time and space where people will talk about “that time…”.
The Imperial Household Agency announced the Emperor’s state of mind in the form of an overheard report.
The Emperor was said to be “deeply distressed.
This is a last-minute announcement under the Constitution, which prohibits the Emperor’s involvement in politics.
Prior to the Japanese government agencies, the Stars and Stripes was declared “half-staff” in the U.S. government agencies.
From the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth officially issued her condolences.
A photo of her with former Prime Minister Abe and his wife was released along with her physical appearance.
This announcement appears to have ignited a reaction in the liberal world.
It seems to be the “common sense reaction” of the world.
Then, the Pope announced his condolences for the death.
Temporary facilities were set up at the site of the shooting in Nara Prefecture to offer condolences.
In fact, many mourners of the younger generation were seen at the site of the shooting in Nara Prefecture.
Also, Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is now under fire from around the world, sent a condolence letter in which his voice could be heard.
The Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is currently under fire from around the world, reportedly sent a letter of condolence that sounded like his own voice.

Russian President Vladimir Putin pointed out the fact that he has not even been able to revise the U.S. Constitution
He pointed out the fact that Japan has not even been able to revise its constitution, which was forced upon it by the U.S. and “Is Japan really an independent nation?
He is said to have said this to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who was in the midst of negotiations between Japan and Russia.
From Russia’s point of view, returning the Northern Territories to the U.S. would be
the possibility of U.S. military bases being built in locations directly aimed at Russia.
There are grounds for perceiving the territory as if it were to be taken away by the US.
One part of the reality of such diplomatic negotiations is becoming clear.
…
The footprints of former Prime Minister Abe will affect Japan in this way in the future.
The value of a politician’s life is that it is related to the state of the nation.
Regardless of whether he is dead or alive, his influence will be felt far and wide.
After his sudden death and the great wave of the House of Councillors election
After the sudden death and the great wave of the House of Councillors election, it is difficult to foresee the future until there is a certain calm.

So, as a blog from a housing media person
I would like to return to the theme of housing and culture in a normal, quiet environment as soon as possible.
I am having a hard time finding the right time to return to the blog.
The photo is of the old private house exhibition facility in Nara Prefecture where former Prime Minister Abe was shot.
I have been taking various pictures.
In every photo, I can feel something like the breath of our predecessors.
Naturally, a house is a place where people are born, grow up, and die.
The reality of human life and death exists in the background of the pictures.
It is a space where one can feel the joy, anger, sorrow, and joy of life, as well as a deep sense of coexistence with one’s ancestors.
I can’t help but feel such a sense of atmosphere from every photograph.
I find myself immersed in a mood of respecting “life” without knowing it.

Posted on 7月 12th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

【高温下の散歩は控えめに・・・養生訓】



全国のみなさんに比べると平均で3-4度くらいは低温の札幌。
なんですが、ここのところはご多分に漏れず入道雲モクモク状況。
夏の短い北海道人としては、めったにない熱く重たい空気感が
ついついウレシク感じられる部分があって、
朝は「なるべく涼しい時間に」ということで散歩の歩数が伸びるし、
日中でも元気いっぱいに歩数が増えていく。
・・・そういう土曜日を過ごしていましたが
夕方帰宅してから、ひと休みにしていたらやや「疲れ目」の症状が出てきた。
ちょうどパソコンの機械チェック作業を複数台、
同時進行させていたので、帰宅後その確認などで画面に注意集中していた。
そういうことで身体の方から注意されたようでした。

まぁ年に１−２度くらいこういう疲労からのアラートがある。
「おいおい、オマエ歳をよく考えろよ」
みたいに注意信号を送ってくれるのではないかと、神妙にさせられる。
ということで、身体のほてりを押さえるように冷水にひたり、
安静を心がけて、症状はほどなく消えていった次第ですが、
落ち着いてから確認した「歩数」が下のスマホ画面ショット。
カミさんからは「１日10,000歩って歩きすぎ。やめた方がいいみたいよ」
とは言われていたのですが、その警告を大幅に無視していた。
・・・ということで、日曜日には早朝雨天もあり基本的に散歩ストップ。
クルマでの買い物外出以降は、静養に努めていました。
年齢相応に、よくわきまえて体調管理が必要ですね。養生訓。

さて、昨日は久しぶりにテレビとの接触時間が長かった（笑）。
その合間にWEBでのチェックも含めて、選挙結果チェック一色の日。
おおむね事前予測通りの結果だったと思います。
国民の選択・民意は明確に示された。
いわゆる内政の安定が大きく選択されたと言えるでしょう。
強化された政権基盤という資産が今後どのように活かされていくのか、
引き続き、注目していきたいと思います。

English version⬇

A lesson for those who are in need of medical care.
The energetic clouds overhead herald the arrival of midsummer in the northern part of Japan. The body alerts us to the outdoor-oriented summer fun. Eat eight portions of food at all times. …….

Compared to everyone else in Japan, Sapporo is on average 3-4 degrees cooler than the rest of the country.
But, as usual, the weather has been full of clouds.
As a Hokkaido native with a short summer, the hot and heavy air is a rare treat.
I am always happy to feel the hot and heavy air, which is rarely seen in Hokkaido.
In the morning, I try to walk as much as possible in the cooler time of the day, which increases the number of steps I take.
I also walk more in the daytime.
I was spending my Saturday like that.
However, when I came home in the evening and took a break, I started to feel a little “tired eyes”.
I had just been checking several computers at the same time.
I had been checking several computers at the same time, so after returning home, I had been concentrating my attention on the screen to check them.
It seemed that my body was warning me about this.

Well, once or twice a year, I get this kind of alert from fatigue.
It’s like, “Hey, hey, hey, you should think about your age.
I was mystified that my body would send me a warning signal like “Hey, hey, hey, hey!
So, I took a bath in cold water to suppress my hot flashes and rested.
I tried to rest, and the symptoms soon disappeared.
After I calmed down, I checked the “number of steps” on my smartphone screen.
My wife told me, “10,000 steps a day is too much walking. You should stop walking.
But I had ignored the warning to a great extent.
So on Sunday, I basically stopped walking, partly because of the early morning rain.
After going out for shopping by car, I tried to rest and recuperate.
I need to take good care of myself according to my age. A lesson in health care.

Yesterday, for the first time in a long time, I spent a lot of time in contact with the TV (laugh).
In between, I spent the day checking the election results, including on the Web.
I think the results were generally as predicted in advance.
I would say that the people’s choice, the will of the people, was clearly demonstrated.
I guess you could say that the so-called stability of domestic politics was highlighted to a great extent.
How will the strengthened government infrastructure be put to use in the future?
I would like to continue to pay close attention to this issue.

Posted on 7月 11th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です | No Comments »

【新冷戦構造での最弱の環、ニッポン】


安倍元首相白昼テロ、惨殺の衝撃から日常がなかなか返ってこない・・・。

北京冬季五輪直後からのロシアによるウクライナ侵攻、
まったく機能を果たさない国連という組織の無惨な破綻。
アジアでは経済沈没から国民の目をそらす中国の戦争政策の危険性増大。
結果として「第２次冷戦構造」世界への移行が否応なく進んできている。
まだ、この衝撃波は日本社会では根底から認識はされていない。
基本的には中露連携という独裁国家群の体制に対して
無能組織・国連はパワーバランスとしてはまったく無視され、
自由世界はNATO、日米豪韓という同盟強化の方向に向かっている。
先日、G20という組織の破綻ぶりも明白になった。

これまでの世界はまったく終焉したのではないか。
こういう国際情勢を受けて日本社会も体勢を立て直す必要がある。
一方でこの時点でなお「モリカケサクラ」と紙面で書くメディアもある。
まさかこの現代に、ということが白昼公然と起こってしまう時代。
どうも今回の事態はそういう時代の到来を告げるものではないか。
わたしたちは平和に慣れすぎているけれど、
地政学的には日本は非自由主義・独裁陣営のロシア・中国・北朝鮮に
大きく包囲された位置にある。
前回の「冷戦構造」期にはアジアでは朝鮮半島が分断・内戦化したけれど、
現代の冷戦期では、サイバーや世論を含めた分断危機は
実は日本がいちばんの危険地帯になる蓋然性が高い。
こういう「新常識国際関係」に、わたしたちはまだ無自覚だと思う。
それは中露による直接の侵攻危機という形とは違うものとして
日本社会に「分断」をもたらす危険性が高い。
そういうアラートの最たるものとして、今回の安倍元首相暗殺があったと思える。
欧米社会では完全に「暗殺」というフレーズが国際認知されている。
どうすれば日本を「守っていく」ことができるのか、
国民ひとりひとりの冷静な判断が求められていると思う。

安倍さんの不慮の死と奥さんの様子をテレビで見ていて、
そのあまりの無常さに伴侶という存在のありがたさを感じていた。
深い悲しみのなかで奥さんは炎天下自宅周辺の報道陣に冷飲料を配ったという情報。
冷静でいることの大切さがヒシヒシと伝わってきた。・・・
昨晩カミさんが親戚の法事からほぼ２日ぶりに夜に帰還。ホッとしています。
＜写真下は壬申の乱内戦の様子復元。クマさんはロシアとは無関係（笑）＞

English version⬇

Japan, the weakest link in the new Cold War structure.
The Korean Peninsula was divided during the Cold War between East and West, and there is a strong possibility that the “division” of Japanese society will continue in the modern era. The people of Japan must make a calm decision. …

It is hard to return to daily life after the shock of the broad daylight terror and slaughter of former Prime Minister Abe….

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia immediately after the Beijing Winter Olympics.
The disastrous collapse of the United Nations, an organization that has failed to function at all.
In Asia, China’s war policy has increased the danger of distracting the public from the economic sinking.
As a result, the transition to the world of the “Second Cold War Structure” is undeniably underway.
As yet, this shock wave has not been fundamentally recognized in Japanese society.
Basically, the United Nations, an incompetent organization, is trying to maintain the balance of power against the system of dictatorships in China and Russia.
The UN, an incompetent organization, is totally ignored as a balance of power.
The free world is moving in the direction of strengthening alliances with NATO, Japan, the U.S., Australia, and South Korea.
The other day, the bankruptcy of the G20 organization also became clear.

The world as we know it may have come to an end.
In response to this international situation, Japanese society needs to regroup.
On the other hand, at this point in time, some in the media are still calling it “mollycoddling cherry picking” in their papers.
We live in an era in which such things can happen in broad daylight.
This situation seems to herald the arrival of such an era.
We have become too accustomed to peace.
Geopolitically, Japan is surrounded by Russia, China, and North Korea, which are illiberal and dictatorial camps.
Japan is surrounded by the illiberal and dictatorial camps of Russia, China, and North Korea.
During the last Cold War, the Korean Peninsula was divided and civil war broke out in Asia.
In the modern Cold War era, the crisis of division, including cyber and public opinion
In fact, there is a high probability that Japan will become the most dangerous zone.
I believe that we are still unaware of this “new normal of international relations.
It is not in the form of a direct invasion crisis by China or Russia, but in the form of a crisis that will bring “division” to Japanese society.
There is a high risk that it will bring about a “division” in Japanese society in a way different from a direct invasion crisis by China or Russia.
The assassination of former Prime Minister Abe seems to me to be a prime example of such an alert.
The phrase “assassination” is fully recognized internationally in Western society.
How can we “protect” Japan?
I believe that each and every citizen is required to make a calm decision on how to “protect” Japan.

Watching Mr. Abe’s unexpected death and his wife’s condition on TV
I felt grateful for the existence of a companion in the face of such a terrible tragedy.
In her deep grief, I heard that his wife distributed cold beverages to the press around their home under the blazing sun.
The importance of keeping one’s composure was clearly conveyed to me. Last night, my wife was at a legal hearing with her relatives.
Last night, my wife returned home at night for the first time in almost two days from a relative’s memorial service. I am relieved.
＜The photo below is a reconstruction of the civil war during the Jinshin Rebellion. The bear has nothing to do with Russia.

Posted on 7月 10th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

【日本の安全の危機。安倍元首相白昼の惨殺劇】

なんとも怒りのやり場のない白昼の惨劇。
選挙という民主主義国家の根幹にかかわる場において
いくら「自由で開かれた社会」とはいえ、
妄想に凝り固まった狂人の仕業と見なせるテロに対して
日本の現代社会は、それを易々と許してしまった。
なんともいえない、無常感に襲われています。

まだ67才だったのだという。
今日の社会常識から言えばまだ十分に活躍される年代。
もちろんわたしは安倍さんとの面識はまったくない一般人ですが
ただ、為政者としてのその肉声にはメディアなどで長く接してきた。
その程度ではあっても、やはりこういう死には強い脱力感を抱く。
日本の歴史に強い興味を持つ人間としては、
菅原道真とか、義経、千利休のような不条理の死という印象をもった。
多くの日本人が「接してきた」人物が道半ばで斃れた、みたいな。
政治家のいのちというのは、きっとそのような意味を持つのだろう。

さて日本人はこの虚脱感から、
どのように行動していくことになるのか。
国連という虚構が完全にその無力をさらけ出す現実が一方にある。
「常任理事国」核保有独裁国家の隣国侵略という怖ろしい現実と同時に
平和国家日本での、こんな白昼の惨殺劇を目の当たりにして、
危機の認識を高めていく必要があると思わされます。
こういう平和ボケ、安全への無防備こそ本当の危機なのではないか。
安倍さんには、ただただ、ご冥福をお祈りしたい。合掌。

English version⬇

Japan’s Security Crisis. Former Prime Minister Abe’s slaughter in broad daylight.
A daydream. A sudden burst of reality that no one would have expected. An absurd terrorist attack on a principled conservative politician. Japan is now weakened. …

What an outrageous tragedy in broad daylight.
No matter how “free and open” a society may be
No matter how “free and open” a society may be
Japan’s modern society has easily allowed terrorism that can be seen as the work of a delusional madman to continue.
Japanese modern society has easily allowed this to happen.
I am struck with a sense of indescribable impermanence.

He was only 67 years old.
By today’s social standards, he was still of an active age.
Of course, I am an ordinary person who has no acquaintance with Mr. Abe.
However, I have been in contact with his voice as a politician for a long time through the media.
Even to that extent, I still feel a strong sense of weakness at such a death.
As someone who has a strong interest in Japanese history, I am not surprised to hear of the deaths of such men as
I have the impression that the deaths of Sugawara no Michizane, Yoshitsune, and Sen no Rikyu were absurd.
It is as if someone that many Japanese have “come in contact with” died in the middle of his life.
The life of a politician must have such a meaning.

Now, how will the Japanese people act out of this sense of emptiness?
How will the Japanese people act out of this sense of emptiness?
On the one hand, there is the reality that the fiction of the United Nations is completely exposed for what it is.
On the other hand, there is the frightening reality of the invasion of a neighboring country by a nuclear-armed dictatorship with a “permanent seat on the UN Security Council.
Witnessing such a slaughter in broad daylight in the peaceful nation of Japan, we need to raise our awareness of the crisis.
We need to raise our awareness of the crisis.
This kind of peace-mindedness and defenselessness toward safety is the real crisis.
I would just like to offer my best wishes to Mr. Abe. My prayers go out to him.

Posted on 7月 9th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

【日本の王権と「工業力」経済振興 大和歴史証言-16】




さて今週末には参議院選挙がある。
権力には「宰をふるう」という始原的な役割がある。
為政者とはまずなによりも人々が食べていけるように「宰領」する存在であり
そのためにみんなが食べる肉を切り分けるという語源的意味。
現代で言えば、まさに生きた経済をどう振興させるのか、が最重要。
だれが為政者になっても主要な役割はまさにこれだと思う。

大和地域、奈良県の始原の日本国家生成の場と思える
纏向遺跡を見学し、さまざまな発掘考古資料、解明に接していると
この権力の始原的役割についての痕跡を見つめることになる。
本日は、鉄器や銅製品などの金属加工、いわば「工業」振興。
その成功が日本国家の正統性をながく担保してきたというポイントです。
もちろん人々のいのちを支える食糧問題が社会のすべての基本ですが、
日本の国ではそれはそのまま水田のための農業土木技術、
そして「水を管理する」システムの技術開発を統御し発展させること。
それがおおむね正着であっただろうことが、
長く続いた王権の正統性そのものだったのだろうと思います。
基本的な農業土木についてはまず最重要なのは金属器加工生産技術。
土地を「稲穂がみのる」ように改良することがこの列島国土では
もっとも基本的な必須技術要素となっていた。
土地の生産効率を飛躍的に高めることが最優先された。
それには金属加工による土地改良の道具の生産革新優位性が求められた。
飛鳥でも王宮にきわめて近接して「池工房」があって
さまざまな金属加工痕跡が残されているけれど、
この纏向遺跡でもまったく同様に金属加工のさまざまな遺物が発掘される。
銅製品から鉄製品に主役が交代したことが、
出雲とヤマトの「国譲り」に大きな力学として働いたように推量もできる。
ヤマト政権は半島との繋がりなどで、この技術への優位性があったのだろう。
国土の土木改良のための鉄器生産が一元コントロールされていたように思う。
このテクノロジーを握った上で、あとは自然の季節運行について
天体観測や気候調整祈祷・対応などの「科学的解明」に基づき農事指導した。
そして最後は「民のために祈る」ことが日本的王権の意義だった。・・・

この纏向の時代にはその鉄の原材料は朝鮮半島から輸入されていた。
それを使って鉄器に加工生産していた痕跡とされる。
東アジアのフロンティアとしての日本列島社会ではこの経済の基本物資は
朝鮮半島地域に依存していた。だから後の世の白村江出兵があった。
もっとも安定的な輸入窓口だった「百済」がまさに生命線だった。
こういう金属加工の技術拡散がその後の列島社会発展の実相だったように思う。
どうも「経済振興・民の暮らし」一択が日本の「国」という気がします。

English version⬇

Japanese Kingship and “Industrial Power” Economic Promotion Yamato Historical Testimony-16
The beginning of Japanese kingship. Metalworking workshops associated with the royal court existed both in Asuka and in Makimuku. The people’s true intention was to promote the economy. …

Now, this weekend we have an election for the House of Councillors.
Power has the primordial role of “presiding.
The first and foremost role of a politician is to “govern” so that the people can eat.
The etymological meaning of the word is to carve out a piece of meat for everyone to eat.
In modern times, the most important thing is how to promote a living economy.
This is the main role of any government, no matter who is in power.

The Yamato area, Nara Prefecture, seems to be the place where the original Japanese nation was born.
Visiting the Makimuku ruins and being exposed to various excavated archaeological materials and clarifications, I was able to understand the role of this primordial power.
I see traces of the primordial role of this power.
Today, the promotion of “industry,” so to speak, in the form of metalworking, such as ironware and copperware.
The point is that its success has long ensured the legitimacy of the Japanese nation.
Of course, the issue of food, which sustains people’s lives, is fundamental to all aspects of society.
In Japan, this is directly related to agricultural engineering technology for rice paddies, and the technology of the “water management” system.
In Japan, however, it is the responsibility of the government to control and develop agricultural engineering technology for paddy fields and the technological development of “water management” systems.
This would have been the main focus of the long-lasting legitimacy of the kingship.
I believe that this was the very legitimacy of the long-lasting royal authority.
In terms of basic agricultural engineering, the most important technology was metalworking and production.
The most basic and indispensable technological element in the archipelago was to improve the land so that it would “produce ears of rice”.
The most basic and indispensable technological element in this archipelago is to improve the land so that “ears of rice can grow.
The first priority was to dramatically increase the production efficiency of the land.
This required the innovative advantage of metalworking in the production of tools for land improvement.
In Asuka, the “Pond Workshop” was located very close to the royal palace, and various traces of metalworking were left behind.
and various traces of metalworking have been left behind.
In the same way, various metalworking artifacts have been unearthed at the Makimuku site.
The shift in the main role from copper products to iron products is evident.
The shift from copper to iron products can be inferred to have played a major role in the “handover of the land” between Izumo and Yamato.
The Yamato regime probably had an advantage in this technology due to its ties to the peninsula.
It seems that the production of iron tools for civil engineering improvements in the land was centrally controlled.
With this technology in hand, the rest is about the seasonal operation of nature.
The agricultural guidance was based on “scientific clarification” of astronomical observations, climate control prayers and responses, etc.
And finally, “praying for the people” was the significance of Japanese kingship. …

During this period of Makimuku, the raw material for iron was imported from the Korean peninsula.
It is believed that traces of the processing and production of ironware using this raw material were found.
Japanese society, as the frontier of East Asia, depended on the Korean Peninsula for the basic commodities of its economy.
The Japanese society as a frontier in East Asia depended on the Korean Peninsula for the basic commodities of its economy. This is why the later Japanese invasion of the Hakuchon River was so important.
Baekje,” which was the most stable import window, was a lifeline.
The diffusion of metalworking technology seems to have been the reality of the subsequent development of society in the archipelago.
I feel that Japan’s “country” is only about “economic promotion and people’s livelihood.

Posted on 7月 8th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

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