先週の土曜日、Facebookの友人の情報をチェックしていたら、
小樽在住の建築の達識・駒木定正氏が小樽に残る能舞台について
講演会を行うという案内に遭遇した。
それも「本日・・・」という案内なのであります（！）。
おいおい、というところですがこの能舞台は５年前に撮影もしていた。
ところが、取り紛れていて情報開示していなかったことに
このお知らせを目にして「おお」と気付かされた次第。
この能舞台の情報は以前から駒木先生から教えられていたので、
先生から「あの〜」と声掛けされているように感じさせられた。
急な日程にはなるけれど、これはぜひ参加しなければと急行した。
なんとか、開始前に到着して一番前の席が空いていたので
ちゃっかり席を占拠して、先生にもご挨拶させていただけた。
ふ〜といったところであります。

地元の古建築についての先生の探究成果を学ばせていただけた。
北海道は150年程度の日本文化史でありもちろん民の側で能舞台などは
これ以外に存在していない。
発注者・数寄者は明治10年新潟県佐渡生まれの岡崎謙氏。
明治21年の少年期に小樽で荒物卸・倉庫業を営んでいた父の元に移住。
その後、現一橋大学に学び宝生流の波吉門下にて能をたしなんだ。
明治32年、父の死去に伴って事業を後継した。
・・・という経緯で20歳そこそこで事業を継いだことになる。
大正11年45歳前後で小樽市議会議長を務めているという地元の名士。
事業の方は安定していたと思われ、大正13年頃から
若いときの伝統芸能への心酔に導かれ能舞台建設に着手したとされる。
小樽市の私邸敷地内に広さ64㎡（橋掛り含む）、
建設費16,873円43銭
（現在の約1億7千万円）をかけて創建した。
東京九段の靖国神社能舞台（旧芝能楽堂）に調査に出向き
大工棟梁の小杉米蔵をともなって詳細に設計プランを煮詰めた。
用材としては、故郷の佐渡に残る「神代杉」の利用を考え、
河川に倒木として眠っていたその神代杉を「掘り起こした」という。
能舞台の背中、鏡板というメイン部材として利用した。
写真の３−４番目はその掘り起こしと直系2.4mというその勇姿。
これだけでも大事業だと思えるが、それを小樽まで運び込んだ。
神代杉の運搬には船1隻を借り切り、木挽きも佐渡から呼び寄せた。
そのほか、九州産のヒノキ、北海道産の松などを厳選したという。

開拓期の北海道は無尽蔵なほどの物資需要が旺盛で
そういった好景気が「入口」となった小樽にはもたらされたのでしょう。
景気の良さは「北のウォール街」とまで表現された。
この岡崎氏の私的事業も「数寄」として人口に膾炙したに違いない。
このような空気感、いまとなっては蜃気楼とも思えます・・・。
この項、続きます。

English version⬇

Japanese Architectural Culture in Hokkaido: Otaru’s “Noh Stage”-1
Otaru, the Wall Street of the north, was like Sakai in the Middle Ages, where pioneer goods were gathered and dispersed, and the economy was booming. The stage is made of 2.4-meter-diameter Jindai cedars dug out from the river on Sado Island, his hometown. The…

Last Saturday, I was checking in on a Facebook friend of mine.
I came across an announcement that Sadamasa Komaki, an architectural expert living in Otaru, was to give a lecture on the Noh stage
Sadamasa Komaki, an architectural expert who lives in Otaru, will give a lecture on Otaru’s remaining Noh stage.
It was also an announcement that “today…” (!). I was surprised to hear that the lecture was going to be given by Sadamasa Komaki.
I had photographed this Noh stage five years ago.
However, it had been taken in confusion, and the information had not been disclosed.
I was surprised to see this notice.
Mr. Komaki had already told me about this Noh stage.
It was as if he had asked me to come.
I had to attend this event, even though it was on short notice, so I rushed to the site.
I managed to arrive before the start of the class and found a seat in the front row available.
I managed to get there before the event started and found the first seat available, so I was able to occupy it and say hello to the teacher.
I was very happy to be able to sit down and greet the professor.

I was able to learn about the results of the professor’s exploration of the local ancient architecture.
Hokkaido has a 150-year history of Japanese culture, and of course, the Noh stage is not the only one that exists on the people’s side of the island.
There is no other Noh stage in Hokkaido.
The person who ordered the Noh stage was Ken Okazaki, who was born in Sado, Niigata Prefecture in 1877.
He moved to Otaru as a boy in 1888 to join his father, who was running a wholesale and warehousing business of rough goods in Otaru.
After that, he studied at Hitotsubashi University and learned Noh under Hakichi of the Hosho school.
In 1897, he succeeded to the business upon his father’s death.
He succeeded to the business at the age of just under 20 years old.
In 1922, at the age of around 45, he became the chairman of the Otaru City Council, a prominent local figure.
The business seems to have been stable, and from around 1924
It is said that he started the construction of a Noh stage, guided by his passion for traditional performing arts when he was young.
The stage, 64 square meters in size (including the bridge), was built on the grounds of a private residence in Otaru City.
It cost 16,873.43 yen (about 170 million yen today) to build.
The Noh stage of Yasukuni Shrine (former Shiba Noh Theatre) in Kudan, Tokyo, was visited for research.
He visited the Yasukuni Shrine Noh Stage (former Shiba Noh Theatre) in Kudan, Tokyo, and worked out a detailed design plan with Kosugi Yonezo, a master carpenter.
For the materials, he considered using “Jindai cedars” that remained in his hometown, Sado Island, and decided to use a cedar that had been lying in a river as a fallen tree.
They “dug up” the Jindai cedars that had been lying in a river as fallen trees.
The cedar was used as the main material for the back of the Noh stage and for the mirror panel.
The third and fourth photos show the excavation of the cedar and its 2.4 m height.
This alone would seem to be a major undertaking, but the cedar was transported to Otaru.
A ship was rented to transport the cedar, and a woodcutter was also brought in from Sado Island.
In addition, they carefully selected cypresses from Kyushu and pine trees from Hokkaido.

During the pioneering period in Hokkaido, the demand for goods was so great that it was inexhaustible.
Such a booming economy must have been brought to Otaru, which was the “gateway” to the city.
The economic boom was even described as the “Wall Street of the North.
Mr. Okazaki’s private business must have also been well-known among the population as “Sukiyomi.
This atmosphere seems like a mirage nowadays….
This section will be continued.

Posted on 6月 7th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

札幌は明治開拓から150年あまりと若い都市なので
あんまり「古民家」的なたたずまいを見せる風景は存在しない。
個人的には民族らしさを深く感じられる空間性が数寄なので
現代住宅を離れてノスタルジックに楽しみたいというときには
本州地域の古民家群にどっぷりと浸かる時間を持ちたい。

なんですが、そういう札幌周辺で数少ない古建築がこちら。
年に１−２度は足を向ける「簾舞〜みすまい〜通行屋」。
開拓使の時代に「本願寺街道」という道路建設が行われた。
札幌から定山渓〜中山峠〜室蘭方面への縦貫道路。
北海道開拓では多くの労役寄進が民間に求められたけれど
そのなかで宗教勢力として巨大な組織を誇っていた本願寺は
政権から道路建設の命を受けざるを得ず、この難工事に臨んだ。
今に残る定山渓〜中山峠の難所を通る度に
よくぞ、と手を合わせたくなるような瞬間がある。
本願寺と言えば織田信長時代の一揆勢力華やかなりし時代のことが
日本史では一般的だと思いますが
北海道人としてはむしろこちらの事跡に深く思いを致す。
その難工事のひとつのランドマークがこの「通行屋」。
この施設自体は明治のごく初期から開拓者たちのために設置された。
官営の「旅宿」設備であって、日本史のなかで伝統的な宿駅が
北海道でも設置されたことがわかり、また奈良期から開始された
「街道整備」の最後的な文化痕跡だとも思える古建築。
なんどかの移築・復元などを繰り返した後、
いまも札幌市南区に残っているのです。
上の写真のように、地元の子どもたちの「写生会」の対象にもなり、
地域の歴史を学ぶ機会にもなっている。
建築としてはシンプルな切り妻で煙出しがアクセント。
しかし、原始の森を抜けてこの建物にたどりついた人々の思いが
どうも時空間を越えてこだましてくるものがある。

わたしたち年代からこの写生会で見つめている世代へ、
地域の歴史残照が記憶としてつながっていく契機になるのでしょうね。

English version⬇

My favorite old building in Sapporo, “Norenmai Toll House
Children will inherit the old buildings they like as objects to be sketched. This kind of baton relay is a core part of the “spirit of the people” of the region. I am very happy to be able to work in this area.

Sapporo is a young city, 150 years or so since its development in the Meiji era.
Sapporo is a young city, 150 years or so since it was first settled in the Meiji era (1868-1912).
Personally, I like the spatiality of the houses, which give me a deep sense of nationality.
When I want to enjoy a nostalgic experience away from modern houses, I go to the old private houses in the Honshu area.
I would like to have time to immerse myself in a group of old private houses in the Honshu area.

This is one of the few such old buildings in the Sapporo area.
This is the “Misumai Toll House,” which I visit once or twice a year.
The road called “Honganji Kaido” was constructed during the period of the pioneer mission.
It was a longitudinal road from Sapporo to Jozankei, Nakayama Pass, and Muroran.
The Hokkaido Settlement required the private sector to donate a great deal of labor.
Honganji Temple, which boasted a huge organization as a religious power
The Honganji Temple, which boasted of its huge religious organization, was obliged by the government to construct the road, and faced this difficult task.
Whenever I pass through the difficult section between Jozankei and Nakayama Pass that remains today
I feel like putting my hands together and saying, “Well done!
I think that Japanese history is generally associated with the Honganji Temple in the days of Oda Nobunaga, when the revolting power of the Honganji was in full swing.
I think it is common in Japanese history.
As a Hokkaider, however, I am more deeply concerned with the history of this temple.
One of the landmarks of this difficult construction is this “passage house.
This facility itself was set up for pioneers from the very beginning of the Meiji era.
It was a government-run “traveling inn” facility, and is the first time in Japanese history that a traditional inn station has been established in Hokkaido.
Hokkaido, and it was also the last of the “highway improvement” projects that began in the Nara Period (710-794).
The building is also considered to be the last cultural trace of the “maintenance of highways” that began in the Nara period.
After repeated relocations and restorations
It still remains in Minami Ward, Sapporo City, after being moved and restored several times.
As shown in the photo above, the building has been the subject of local children’s “sketching sessions,” and has also provided an opportunity to learn about local history.
It also serves as an opportunity to learn about local history.
The architecture is a simple gabled structure accented by a smoke vent.
However, the thoughts of the people who reached this building through the primitive forest
The building is a simple gabled structure with a smoke outlet as an accent.

From our generation to the generation that is watching at this sketch session
The historical relics of the region will become an opportunity to connect as memories from our generation to the generation that is gazing at this sketch session.

Posted on 6月 5th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 「都市の快適」研究, 住宅マーケティング | No Comments »

国レベルでの出入国制限の緩和が進んできたタイミングで
いま北海道とフィンランドとの交流週間が行われています。
ロシアによるウクライナ侵攻という緊張する情勢の中で
今回ツアーにはロシアと国境を接している「カルヤラ」の州知事も参加。
＜参加は公的なものではなく個人としての参加とのこと＞
フィンランドの南東部からロシアの北西部にかけて広がる
森林と湖沼の多い地方名。そこに住む人たちのことをカレリア人と呼ぶ。
フィンランド、ロシア、スウェーデンにとって歴史的にも重要な地方。
こういったタイミングでロシアと国境を接する日本の北海道との
積極的な交流というのはなんとも示唆的なものを感じさせる。
もちろん北海道は日米同盟という安保枠組みがあり、また海という
天然の防衛ラインもあるので陸続きのかれらとの体感温度差は存在する。
しかし北海道とほぼ同じくらいの人口の国がこのタイミングで
NATO加盟を申し出て、それを女性首相が直接プーチンに電話で伝えたという。
まさに刃先の上での外交を戦う強い勇気を示している。
はるかにリスペクトの念を強くする。
しかもこのサンナ・マリン首相は５月11日には訪日して岸田さんとも
公式会談している。フィンランド側の対日視線に並々ならぬものが伝わる。
君子の兵法ではないけれど「近攻遠交」の動きとすぐにわかる。
フィンランドとしては対日外交のなかでもとくに北海道の地政的位置を
十分に考慮に入れての今回のウィーク開催と友好活動であることがわかる。

昨日は北海道大学工学部・森太郎教授がホスト役になっての
脱炭素に向けての相互理解と協力関係構築の機会。
先生からは急な申し出でもあったのですが、上記のような背景を感じて
背筋を伸ばしながら対話機会に臨ませていただいた次第。
写真は基調的なプレゼンをされたMikko Matveinenさん。
カレリアの「応用化学科大学」のManagerという方。
タイトルを見ると「木造と低炭素志向建築」というテーマ内容でした。
当地での木造高層階建築の取り組みについて紹介されていました。
内容についてはほぼわたしたちの志向性と同じだと感じさせられます。
フィンランドの方たちは北欧圏全体そうですが、
基本的には英語でのコミュニケーションを必須としているので、
会議自体は日本語と英語のコングロマリットで進行していました。
わたしは単語と話される内容の類推でおおまかに理解しながらの対話。
知事さんとお話ししたときも、長く英語で話されると細部は不明になる。
そういう旨、話すと逆に「メールなどで会話すれば翻訳可能なので・・・」
というようなお話しを返されていました。人類交流進化の歴史段階。
具体的な中身についての詳細な詰めよりも
相互交流して相互理解と人間関係を深めようという強い意思を感じる。
前段で触れたようなことがらがより重要と考えている様子がわかります。
この項、あした以降に続きます。

English version⬇

Dialogue with Finland, which is adjacent to Russia, on “Zero Carbon for Buildings.
Female Prime Minister Sanna Marin daringly declares to Putin, “We will join NATO. The intention is to deepen ties with Hokkaido, a “neighboring country”. …

The timing is right for the relaxation of immigration restrictions at the national level.
Hokkaido and Finland are currently holding a week of exchange.
In the midst of the tense situation of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the tour will be joined by the governor of “Karjala”, which borders Russia.
The governor of Karjala, which borders Russia, also participated in the tour.
＜The governor of Karjala, which borders Russia, is also taking part in the tour, but his participation is not official.
The region stretches from southeastern Finland to northwestern Russia.
A region with many forests and lakes stretching from southeastern Finland to northwestern Russia. The people living there are called Karelians.
The region is historically important for Finland, Russia, and Sweden.
The region is also historically important to Finland, Russia, and Sweden, and the active exchange with the Japanese island of Hokkaido, which borders Russia, is a very good opportunity.
The active exchange with Japan’s Hokkaido, which borders Russia, is very suggestive.
Of course, Hokkaido has a security framework in the form of the Japan-U.S. Alliance and a natural defense line by sea.
Hokkaido, of course, has the security framework of the Japan-U.S. Alliance and the natural defense line of the sea, so there is a difference in temperature between Hokkaido and Russia, which is connected by land.
However, a country with a population roughly the same size as that of Hokkaido
The prime minister called Putin directly and told him that the country, which has a population about the same size as that of Hokkaido, has offered to join NATO at this time.
It shows strong courage to fight diplomacy on the very edge of the knife.
It makes me respect her far more strongly.
Moreover, Prime Minister Sanna Marin visited Japan on May 11 and had an official meeting with Mr. Kishida.
She also had an official meeting with Mr. Kishida. This shows that the Finnish side has an extraordinary perspective toward Japan.
It is not the Art of War of the Emperor, but it is easily recognized as a move of “close attack and long distance exchange.
Finland’s diplomacy with Japan has been particularly focused on the geopolitical position of Hokkaido.
This is a clear indication that Finland has taken Hokkaido’s geopolitical position into consideration in its diplomacy with Japan, and is now holding this week and its friendship activities.

Yesterday, Professor Taro Mori of Hokkaido University’s Faculty of Engineering served as host for the
The event was an opportunity to build mutual understanding and cooperation toward decarbonization.
It was also a sudden offer from the professor, but I felt that the above background
I was able to participate in the dialogue with my back straightened.
The photo shows the keynote presentation by Ms. Mikko Matveinen.
The photo shows the keynote presentation by Ms. Mikko Matveinen, a manager at the University of Applied Chemistry in Karelia.
The title of the presentation was “Wooden Construction and Low Carbon Oriented Architecture.
He introduced the local efforts to build wooden high-rise buildings.
The content of the presentation was almost the same as our orientation.
The Finnish people, as in the entire Nordic region, communicate in English.
The meeting itself was a conglomeration of Japanese and English.
The meeting itself was conducted in a conglomerate of Japanese and English.
I was able to understand the conversation roughly by using words and analogies of what was being said.
When I spoke with the governor, he said that when he speaks in English for a long time, the details become unclear.
When I told him this, he responded, “I can translate if I talk to him by e-mail…”
He replied, “It is possible to translate if you talk to me by e-mail…”. The common historical stage recognition of mankind.
Rather than elaborating on the specifics
I sense a strong will to deepen mutual understanding and human relations through mutual exchange.
I can see that they consider the things I mentioned in the previous section to be more important.
This section will be continued in the next section.

Posted on 6月 3rd, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

一昨日は北海道民間住宅施策の諮問会議に出席。
国の省エネ住宅政策での大きな動きを踏まえ北海道なりの方向性を論議。
北海道は気候的に関東以南地域とは大きく乖離しているので、
明治期に国の中央省庁「北海道開拓使」が設立されて
本土とはまったく違う条件の中で対ロシアの国防をも目的にして
積極的な移住促進・気候に適合した住宅施策が独自に追求された。
この地域でも冬場あたたかい室内気候実現のため知恵と工夫が追求された。
伝統的な木造架構工法を革新して高断熱高気密という技術体系を創始した。
具体的な施行手法、手順なども解析されることで
その技術が本土地域にもフィードバックされてきた経緯。

そういった状況がさらに進化を迫られている要因が現代の「ゼロカーボン」。
それが地球温暖化の主原因かどうかは論議もあるところだけれど、
当面する世界の技術進化テーマとして社会に大きくのしかかってきている。
エネルギー消費は住宅分野が大きなウェートを占めているので、
この手法を考えて行くことは大きな社会課題であることは間違いがない。
このミッションにいよいよ北海道として正面から向き合うことになった。
断熱気密の基本技術はコストとのバランスで適正な選択肢が実現している。
他方のエネルギー機器選択ではさまざまな困難が存在する。
主役としての電気エネルギーを住宅で生産する設備として
現状では太陽光発電装置がコスト的にも主要な対象となってくる。
しかしこれはそもそも温暖地域の気候条件に最適化された設備機器。
一見「どこの地域でも均一」と誤解する太陽光を基本要素にしている。
この機器は残念ながら気候要素によって受益が大きく異なる特性を持つ。
積雪寒冷条件、とくに多雪地域では冬場に発電量が大きく減衰する。
北海道のような地域はいきなりハンディキャップを強いられる。
歴史の皮肉というか、回り回って振り出しに戻った感がある。
結局、積雪寒冷という条件下で全国的に普遍的とされる
この適格とは思われない設備機器が条件という「試される」事態になった。
表は会議で配付された北海道の住環境研究機関「北総研」資料。
国が推進する「ZEH」住宅の実績ではハンディを越えて全国同等レベル。
一方で太陽光発電の「効率」実証データを見ると
北海道の暮らしでいちばん重要な冬場にエネルギーを生み出さず
必要な電気エネルギーは系統から購入するほかない実態が明確。
ユーザーの本音からはそういう機器にたくさん投資するのは理に合わない。
また、住宅設備であると同時にこれからはEVが主流になることを考えれば
面積の広い北海道で大事な移動交通エネルギー源としても不安そのもの。

まさに「試される大地（北海道のキャッチフレーズ）」そのもの。
ホンネではこんなことで試されたくはない（泣笑）。
しかし会議では、逆に旺盛な「フロンティアスピリット」が発露した。
こういう逆境をどうやったら乗り越えられるかと
寒冷気候に挑戦した先人たちの残した知恵と工夫精神に立ち返って
論議を深めていく方向で大きくまとまった次第。
開拓者の心境でいくつかの手掛かりからリアルな突破口を見出したい。
叡智を探り結集させていきたいと念願するところです。

English version⬇

Solar power “regional disparities” and uniform national housing policy.
The great energy-saving order based almost entirely on the premise of solar power generation equipment that is weak in the harshest winter months. Can the tested land rise again with frontier spirit? ・・・・.

The day before yesterday, I attended the Advisory Council on Private Sector Housing Policies in Hokkaido.
We discussed Hokkaido’s own direction in light of major developments in the national energy-efficient housing policy.
Hokkaido is a region that is far removed from the Kanto region and southward in terms of climate, so it is important for the government to take a more active role in the development of the island’s climate.
The central government ministry “Hokkaido Kaitakushi” was established in the Meiji period (1868-1912) to promote the development of the island.
Hokkaido’s climate was completely different from that of the mainland, and the purpose of the Hokkaido Kaitakushi was to protect the nation against Russia.
Aggressive measures were taken to promote immigration and to provide housing suited to the climate.
In this region, wisdom and ingenuity were pursued in order to realize an indoor climate that would allow people to live warmly in winter.
The traditional wooden frame construction method was innovated to create a technological system of high thermal insulation and airtightness.
The specific implementation methods and procedures were also analyzed.
The technology has been fed back to the mainland region.

The factor that is forcing this situation to evolve further is today’s “zero-carbon” approach.
Whether this is the main cause of global warming or not is a matter of debate.
However, it is a theme of global technological evolution that is looming large over our society.
Since the residential sector accounts for a large portion of energy consumption, it is important to consider this approach.
There is no doubt that considering this approach is a major social issue.
Hokkaido has finally decided to face this mission head-on.
The basic technology of insulation and airtightness has achieved an appropriate choice in balance with cost.
On the other hand, various difficulties exist in the selection of energy equipment.
As the equipment to produce electric energy as the main role in the house.
Currently, photovoltaic equipment is the main target in terms of cost.
However, this is equipment optimized for the climatic conditions of warm regions to begin with.
It uses sunlight as the basic element, which at first glance is mistakenly thought to be “uniform in all regions.
Unfortunately, this equipment has characteristics that vary greatly in terms of benefits depending on “regional climate” factors.
In snowy and cold conditions, especially in regions with heavy snowfall, the amount of power generated is greatly attenuated in winter.
Regions such as Hokkaido are suddenly forced to face a handicap.
It is an irony of history, or perhaps it is a sense that we are back to square one.
After all, it is not considered eligible under the conditions of snowy and cold weather.
The situation was a “test” of this equipment condition, which is considered universal throughout the country.
The table shows materials distributed at the meeting by the Hokkaido Research Institute for Housing and Environment.
In terms of performance of “ZEH” houses promoted by the government, Hokkaido is at the same level as the rest of Japan, surpassing the handicap.
On the other hand, the “efficiency” of photovoltaic power generation is not as high as the national level.
The most important season for living in Hokkaido is winter, when no energy is produced.
The reality is clear that the necessary electrical energy has to be purchased from the grid.
From the user’s point of view, it does not make sense to invest in such a large amount of equipment.
In addition, considering that EVs will be the mainstream in the future as well as residential equipment, it is not reasonable to invest in a lot of such equipment.
In addition to being residential equipment, EVs will be the mainstream in the future, and even if they are considered an important source of energy for transportation in the large area of Hokkaido, they are still a source of concern.

This is exactly what “the land to be tested (Hokkaido’s catchphrase)” means.
In all seriousness, we do not want to be tested in this way (laughs).
However, at the meeting, on the contrary, a vigorous “frontier spirit” was revealed.
I wondered how we could overcome this kind of adversity.
We will go back to the wisdom and spirit of ingenuity left behind by our predecessors who challenged the cold climate.
We have come to a consensus to deepen the discussion on how to overcome this kind of adversity.
We would like to find a realistic breakthrough based on some clues with the mind of a pioneer.
We hope to search for wisdom and bring it together.

Posted on 6月 1st, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 住宅性能・設備 | No Comments »

ポンペイ遺跡でももっとも保存状態が良かったとされる家。
2200年前に建てられた家だけれど、1960年前のAD62年には地震被害があって
その時点でリフォームされ通りに面した側が店舗になったという。
裏手側は「洗濯屋」になってその時点で２階建てに改造されたという。
そういった事実痕跡までが発掘可能だったということにも
驚かされるけれど、こういった復元の様子などを見ると
古代に於いてこの地中海地域はヨーロッパ文明のコアであり、
そこでかれらの「暮らし方」はその基底のカタチができていたと考えられる。
人口１万人という集住都市での普遍的な暮らし方・ライフスタイル。
「洗濯屋」という具体的な職業名からはいろいろな社会状況が類推される。
近郊農村地域から出稼ぎ的な次男三男層がポンペイに来て職に就いていて
かれらの日常生活上欠かせないサービス業として成立したか。
また、店舗になったというのは「不動産市場」というものの登場を暗示する。
集住と人間交通という商業活動の基盤が明瞭に存在したのだろう。
農業という基本的生産手段が確立していくと同時に
人類社会では余剰人口が生み出され、より生存しやすい都市集住が始まった。

このモザイクは玄関の床面に刻印されたもので「猛犬注意」と書かれている。
よくみると鎖で繋がれている様子も描かれている。
イヌを泥棒などからの防衛手段として使役する習慣がわかる。
集住都市生活では「治安維持」という必要性は了解可能。
この家からはたくさんのモザイクが発見されているけれど
それらの多くは古代神話に取材したテーマが描かれているとされる。
ファウヌスの家でも「アレクサンドル大王の征戦」モザイクがあったけれど、
自分たち社会の「正統性」についてのアイデンティティ・証明と受け取れる。
あるいは「歴史」という概念がかなり具体的に追究されたのかも知れない。
そういう意味では社会のなかでの「有力者」というのは、
なぜ自らがその立場、位置にあるかについて他者に証すものを求めた。
モザイクという表現手段はもっとも初源的インパクトを与える「画像」で
そういう視覚的伝達として機能させたのではないか。
そのように考えると一種のテレビのような「メディア」と捉えられる。

そういうメディアが壁は言うに及ばず、床面にも描かれたのは、
やはりモザイクという独特の表現手法にその根拠があったように思える。
たくさんの色合いの自然石ピースをモルタル素材で「固めて」
展着させて行くには壁面では相当に困難が伴い、
より安定的な展示形式として床面展示が選択された可能性が高い。
また描かれるテーマがより複雑になっていって
専用の「製作工房」で仕上げられ、大型のものになると
壁面では展着が難しくなっていった経緯があるように思える。
ヨーロッパ文明と暮らし方の初源が垣間見えて興味深い。

English version⬇

The first source of European urban agglomeration Pompeii, House of the Tragic Poet-2
Traces of commercial conversion renovation in urban agglomeration and “real estate value”. Mosaic painting as a communication image media. …

The house is said to be the best preserved of the Pompeii ruins.
Although the house was built 2,200 years ago, it was damaged by an earthquake in AD 62, 1960.
At that time, the side facing the street was remodeled and turned into a store.
The back side of the house was converted to a laundry and then to a two-story building.
It is amazing that such traces of fact could even be excavated.
I am surprised that such traces were excavated, but when I look at the restoration of the building, I am amazed at how it was restored.
The Mediterranean region was the core of European civilization in ancient times, and their “way of life” there was the same as that of the rest of Europe.
The way of life in the Mediterranean region is considered to be the core of European civilization in ancient times, and their “way of life” is thought to have taken its basic form there.
A universal way of life and lifestyle in a city with a population of 10,000.
The specific occupational name “laundress” suggests a variety of social conditions.
The second and third sons of the population who migrated from nearby rural areas came to Pohnpei to work, and they were employed as laundresses.
Was it established as a service industry indispensable to their daily lives?
The fact that it became a store also implies the emergence of a “real estate market.
The basis for commercial activities, such as housing and human transportation, must have clearly existed.
At the same time that the basic means of production, agriculture, was being established
At the same time that the basic means of production, agriculture, was established, a surplus population was created in human society, and urban settlements began to be established to make it easier to survive.

This mosaic is engraved on the floor of an entrance hallway and reads “Beware of Raging Dogs.
If you look closely, you can see a dog on a leash.
This shows the custom of using dogs as a means of defense against thieves and other threats.
The need to “maintain security” is understandable in the urban lifestyle.
Many mosaics have been found in this house.
Many of them are said to depict themes based on ancient mythology.
In the House of the Fauns, there is a mosaic of the “Conquest of Alexander the Great.
It can be taken as an identity proof about the “legitimacy” of their society.
Or perhaps the concept of “history” was pursued in a very concrete way.
In this sense, the “influential people” in a society are not necessarily the same as those who are in power.
In this sense, “influential people” in society sought proof from others as to why they were in the position they were in.
The mosaic is a means of expression, an “image” that has the most primordial impact.
It may have functioned as such visual communication.
In this way, it can be seen as a kind of “media” like television.

The fact that such media were drawn not only on the walls but also on the floor
The reason why such media were painted not only on the walls but also on the floor seems to have its basis in the unique expression technique of mosaic.
The use of mortar material to “harden” and adhere the natural stone pieces of various shades of color to the surface of the wall is a unique method of expression.
The wall surface was quite difficult to “harden” and adhere to, and the floor was chosen as a more stable exhibition format.
It is highly possible that the floor was chosen as a more stable exhibition format.
The themes of the paintings became more and more complex.
and the more complex the subject matter, the more difficult it would have been to mount on the wall.
The larger the paintings became, the more difficult it became to display them on the wall.
It is an interesting glimpse into the origins of European civilization and way of life.

Posted on 5月 30th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »