さて最近、ブログの記述は行きつ戻りつしておりますが、
せっかく「毎日書く」と決めているのでなるべくテーマを決めていきたい。
そうすることで「深掘り」が可能になり意欲も盛り上がります。
いまは国立歴史民俗博物館の「先史」研究の世界に沿って進めたいと思います。
題して「日本列島37,000年史」テーマ設定。

日本列島とそこに暮らす人類の歩みは過去37,000年スパンだという。
こういう年代特定はつい最近、確定してきた見解のようです。
人類史の時代相では旧石器時代から縄文以降〜現代までの期間。
で、その間の列島を覆った気候環境がどうであったか、
という点について、最新の研究による展示パネルが示されていた。
〜過去の気候や気温、古植生はグリーンランドや南極の氷床コア、
日本の長野県・野尻湖や福井県・水月湖の湖沼堆積物の花粉分析などによって
復元されてきている。日本列島の後期旧石器時代は
「寒冷だが安定した時期」だったとされている。一方、
およそ17,000年前からの縄文時代以降は温暖で安定期になる。〜
あまり熱心な勉強をしてこなかったダメ人間ですが、いまになって
もう一回、追試験的に興味深い研究成果に驚かされる（笑）。
っていうか、わたしが教育を受けた、いまから半世紀以上前の段階では
このような研究が確定されていなかった。結果、
実像がモヤに掛かったような状態で教育を受けていたのですね。
なのでまことに新鮮な感動とともに学習意欲が盛り上がってくる（笑）。
「そうなんだよ、こういうのを教えられていたらもっと勉強したのに」
と自分の努力不足を他者のせいにしようという不埒な考えも浮かぶ。
しかし、加齢後にこういう研究成果に触れられるのも無上の楽しさ。
老いてもこころは少年期に若返っていく思いです。

大まかに言うと縄文以降、温暖化が進んできたことで
さまざまな「社会発展」が連綿と始められたのだということがわかる。
よく「縄文海進」という現象を聞いていたけれど、
こういう気候変動がその起点になっていたことが明確ですね。
旧石器時代とは、適応すべき環境自体が大きく姿を変えた。
「海進」というほどだから、陸地が大きく減衰したけれど、
残った陸地は温暖化によって、樹相はむしろ豊富に多様になったことがわかる。
また、それまでの陸地が植生ごと海中になったことで
豊かな食環境が列島海岸に生まれ魚類資源はより豊富に多量になった。
まさに縄文期の生活文化環境が整っていった。
温暖化は圧倒的な暮らしやすさに繋がっただろう。
一方、狩猟採集の主要な生活道具として基盤的に石器の多様な文化があった。
それぞれの時期で動物相に対応して進化発展した様子が開示されている。
巨視的な人類環境の「見える化」で想像力も膨らんでいきますね。

English version⬇

How Did Climatic Conditions Change? The 37,000-year history of the Japanese Islands – 1]
Identification of prehistoric environmental conditions. Methods have been established and visualization has progressed. Exciting intellectual exploration reduced to a boy who loves history. …

Well, lately, my blog entries have been going back and forth.
Since I have decided to write every day, I would like to write on a specific theme as much as possible.
This will allow me to “dig deeper” and motivate me to do so.
For now, I would like to follow the world of “prehistory” research at the National Museum of Japanese History.
The theme is “The 37,000 Year History of the Japanese Islands.

The history of the Japanese archipelago and its inhabitants spans 37,000 years.
This kind of chronological identification seems to be a view that has been confirmed only recently.
In the chronological phase of human history, it is the period from the Paleolithic Age to the Jomon Period and beyond to the present day.
The latest research on the climatic environment that covered the archipelago during that period is on display.
The exhibition panels were based on the latest research on the climatic environment that covered the archipelago during that period.
〜The past climate, temperature, and paleo-vegetation were analyzed using ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, as well as ice cores from Lake Nojiri in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
and pollen analysis of lake sediments from Lake Nojiri, Nagano Prefecture, and Lake Suigetsu, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.
The Late Paleolithic of the Japanese Archipelago The Late Paleolithic of the Japanese Islands was
cold but stable period” in the Japanese archipelago. On the other hand
The Jomon Period, which began about 17,000 years ago, was a warm and stable period. ~…
I have not studied very hard, but now I am going to
I am amazed once more by the results of interesting research as a follow-up exam (laugh).
I mean, when I was educated more than half a century ago
such a study had not been finalized. As a result
I was educated in a state in which the real image of the world was covered by a blur.
So, I was really moved by the fresh impression and eager to learn (laughs).
If I had been taught this kind of thing, I would have learned more.
I would have learned more if I had been taught this way,” and the insolent thought of blaming others for my own lack of effort also comes to mind.
However, it is also a great pleasure to be able to experience the results of such research after aging.
Even in my old age, I feel as if my mind is rejuvenated to boyhood.

Roughly speaking, since the Jomon period, global warming has been progressing.
The Jomon period is a time when the warming of the earth’s surface led to a series of “social developments”.
I have often heard of the phenomenon called “Jomon Kaihin” (Jomon sea advance).
It is clear that this kind of climate change was the starting point of this phenomenon.
The environment itself, to which we should adapt, changed drastically from the Paleolithic period.
The land area was greatly attenuated by the “sea advance,” as it is called, but the land that remained was affected by the warming of the climate.
The remaining land was warmed, indicating that the tree fauna became rather abundant and diverse.
In addition, the entire vegetation on the land that had previously been underwater has been transformed into a rich food environment.
The rich food environment was created on the coasts of the archipelago, and fish resources became more abundant and plentiful.
This is exactly the lifestyle and cultural environment of the Jomon period.
Global warming would have made life overwhelmingly easier.
On the other hand, there was a diverse culture of stone tools as the main tools of life for hunter-gatherers.
The evolutionary development of each period in response to the fauna is disclosed.
The “visualization” of the macroscopic human environment also expands our imagination.

Posted on 9月 30th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

きのうのブログ記事ではわが家周辺でのサケ遡上ニュース篇。
加齢と共にどうもイキモノへの愛着が強くなってきています。
散歩では不思議とイヌに好かれるようになってきている。
こっちが動物愛護に目覚めてくるとかれらは敏感に察知して
「こいつはチョロい、すぐにメロメロ（笑）」と
籠絡に掛かってくるのだろうと被害妄想（笑）的な受け身心理ですが、
そういうのにだまされるのも、それはそれで楽しい。
わたしは小さいときにイヌに噛まれた経験があるので、
原体験的にはあまり好意は持っていないはずなのに・・・。

例のデジタル写真復元はまだ報告が寄せられません（泣）。
しかし既存のわたしのデータバックアップ環境からいくつかのデータ再発見。
そのなかに「国立歴史民俗博物館」（千葉県佐倉市）の展示撮影写真。
1981年の開館からすでに41年目ですが、わたしの大好きな博物館。
展示研究テーマ的にわたしのツボを押さえてくれるのですが、
それが感染症の影響拡大でやむを得ない閉館状況に陥ったところ、
むしろそれをチャンスにしてこれまでの展示内容を一新していた。
とくに石器時代から縄文、弥生という年代コーナーは
まったく目が覚めるほどの大変革を遂げていた。説明文によると
「AMS-炭素14年代に基づく高精度な較正暦年代を縄文・弥生時代を中心に適用」
して、大胆な再構成・展示革新を行っていたのです。
わたし的には「まだまだ生きて人類全史解明の行く末を見届けるぞ」
という強いモチベーションを抱かせてくれる（笑）。
いや、笑い事ではなく心の底から歓喜のこだまが湧き上がってくるのです。
考古的発掘に対してその年代特定が相当程度の正確度でできれば、
人類史の知見は大きく前進することになる。
ここでは37,000年前に日本列島に人類が出現し、
その後７世紀に古代国家「日本」が成立する時期までの
歴年代的に考古事実を分析した内容に即して展示構成されている。
よく言われる「文字記録」だけの歴史から跳躍した「先史」が探究される。
科学的最新知見による歴史の再構築といえるでしょう。
知る、という人間らしい営為の発掘力が加速されることになる。
どんな事実が解明されているのか、まさに興味津々。
知的興奮を覚えたオモシロポイントをいくつか取り上げてみたい。

前置きが長くなってしまいほぼ紙数が尽きてしまった（笑）。
その最初展示部分に、このオオカミ、イヌと人類のDNA的な科学解析。
「2017年から３年間、栃木県葛生から出土した36,000年前の
巨大オオカミ頭蓋骨について、歯の形態分析や年代測定、X線CT調査、
DNA解析などを行ってきた。・・・旧石器時代人が渡ってきた列島には
このような巨大オオカミが棲息していたのだ。・・・」との記述。
いきなり列島での人類痕跡と生物環境の時間的な特定事実。
一方、イヌは約700万年前ころにオオカミとは系統が分かれたとされる。
旧石器やその後の縄文の人々はイヌと共生していた痕跡もあるので、
このような巨大オオカミとは人といっしょに戦っていたのだろうか。
いきなり36,000年前からの歴史説き起こしだった。
列島で展開された「人類史」に科学的探究が及んできていることに感動。

English version⬇

Animal Observation Arc 2nd Human History and the Japanese Islands in 36,000 Years Ago
The photographic records of the National Museum of Japanese History were unearthed from the backup data. A ray of light in the exploration of my life’s work, “House and Human History”. …

In yesterday’s blog entry, I wrote about the news of the salmon run around my house.
As I age, I am becoming more and more attached to my canines.
When I go for a walk, I find that, strangely enough, dogs like me anyway.
As I become more and more aware of animal welfare, they are sensitive to it.
They are very sensitive to my animal love, and when I become aware of it
I am in a paranoid (laugh) and passive state of mind.
But it is fun to be deceived by them.
I was bitten by a canine when I was little.
I was bitten by a canine when I was a child, so I am not sure I have much fondness for them….

I have not received any reports of digital photo restoration yet.
However, I rediscovered some data from my existing data backup environment.
Among them are photos taken at the National Museum of Japanese History (Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture).
It has been 41 years since the museum opened in 1981, and it is my favorite museum.
It is my favorite museum, and it hits all the right spots for me in terms of exhibition and research themes.
When the museum was unavoidably closed due to the spread of infectious diseases, it was a good opportunity to renew the contents of the exhibits so far.
When the museum was forced to close due to the spread of infectious diseases, it took the opportunity to renew its exhibits.
In particular, the chronological section from the Stone Age to the Jomon and Yayoi periods
the chronological section from the Stone Age to the Jomon and Yayoi periods was completely transformed. According to the description
“The highly accurate calibrated calendar based on AMS-Carbon-14 dating has been applied mainly to the Jomon and Yayoi periods.
The museum had undergone a bold reorganization and innovation in its display.
In my opinion, the exhibition gave me a strong motivation to “live to see the end of the elucidation of the entire history of humankind.
I am still motivated to live to see the end of the elucidation of the entire history of mankind” (laugh).
No, it is not a laughing matter, but rather a joyful outpouring from the depths of my heart.
If we can determine the age of the archaeological excavation with a considerable degree of accuracy, our knowledge of human history will make great progress.
The knowledge of human history will be greatly advanced.
Here, we have the first evidence of the appearance of humans in the Japanese archipelago 37,000 years ago, followed by the appearance of the ancient nation of “Japan” in the 7th century.
The following is a chronological analysis of the archaeological facts
The exhibition is organized according to the chronological analysis of archaeological facts from 37,000 years ago to the establishment of the ancient nation of Japan in the 7th century.
This exhibition explores “prehistory,” a leap from the often-quoted history based solely on written records.
It can be said to be a reconstruction of history based on the latest scientific findings.
It will accelerate the excavation power of the humanistic activity of knowing.
It is truly intriguing to see what facts are being uncovered.
I would like to highlight some of the omoshiroi points that have aroused my intellectual excitement.

I have almost run out of paper space because of the lengthy preamble (laughs).
In the first part of the exhibit, this DNA-like scientific analysis of wolves, dogs, and humans.
“For three years starting in 2017, a 36,000-year-old
We have conducted portable analysis of teeth, dating, X-ray CT studies, and
DNA analysis, etc. have been conducted. …in the archipelago where Paleolithic man crossed over.
The Paleolithic man inhabited the archipelago. The description of the site is “The archipelago where Paleolithic man came from was inhabited by these giant wolves.
This is suddenly a time-specific fact of human traces and biological environment in the archipelago.
On the other hand, it is believed that the canine lineage separated from the wolf around 7 million years ago.
Since there are traces that Paleolithic and later Jomon people coexisted with canines
Did they fight with these giant wolves along with humans?
This was a sudden historical reconstruction from 36,000 years ago.
I was impressed by the fact that scientific exploration is now extending to the “human history” that has unfolded in the archipelago.

Posted on 9月 28th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

養蚕というのは蚕というイキモノを相手にすることからか、
神棚は非常に印象的な場所とたたずまいを見せておりました。
その家の精神性は神棚や仏壇などに表現される場合が多い。
公開住宅では仏壇はふつうは家人とともに移転していることが多いけれど
神棚はけっこう残置されているケースが多い。
多くの場合はその地の神社の神札が祀られるケースが多いのですが、
この養蚕民家では、写真のように天照皇大神宮と豊受大神宮が祀られていた。
それも神札にこの両女神の画像まで印刷された特別感のあるものだった。
こういう神札は間違いなく伊勢神宮の外宮、内宮まで訪れて購入したのではないか。
1905年、明治42年という時代相を考えると、かなり意味を感じさせられる。
この家の人々にとって強い思い入れがあったことが自明。
ご存知のように天照さんは皇祖神で、女神として知られる。
また、豊受さんは天照さんに食事を整える役割を担っていたとされる女神。
どちらも女神であり、養蚕が女性たちの労働領域とされてきたことと、
深く関係しているように思われる。
皇后陛下が養蚕に勤しまれる写真が宮内庁から毎年公開もされるほど、
神事として日本民族の長い伝統に位置づけられている。
交通の状況では旭川までも丸１日かかりそうな北海道奥地から
汽車に乗って札幌、函館を経て伊勢まで移動したものか、
わが家の家系の場合には、ほぼ同時期に広島県福山市周辺から岩見沢近郊へ、
小樽まで北前船で家族で移住したと聞き及んでいる。
はたして養蚕民家から遠く伊勢神宮までの旅程がどのようなものだったか、
往復を考えれば、ほぼ１ヶ月程度の時間も掛かったように思われる。
神に事業の成功を祈ること自体、まことに大事だったことが推測できる。
明治の末年の人々の事業魂と、精神のありようの一端がこの神札に
ありありと表現されていると思える。


間取り図を見ると、養蚕民家としての福島と非常に近似した建築。
福島県からこの北海道の北部、旭川に集団移住し、
そこでの事業の成功を祈りつつ、必死の開拓努力を傾けたことだろう。
不安の中で先祖以来の伝承の養蚕に命を賭けたことがヒシヒシと伝わってくる。
この地で生まれ育つ子どもたちの姿は、明日への活力そのものだっただろう。
ほんの百数年前、先人たちは北海道に大きな夢を持って移住してきた。
そういう事実の痕跡がこのように残っていることに深く感謝したい。

さて、連載途中で撮影した自分の写真データ行方不明事件が発生した
この東旭川の養蚕民家。匿名氏から提供いただいた写真データに導かれ、
おおむね現場で感じたことを書き続けてみた。深く感謝いたします。
建築と人間を考えるにはこういう深掘りが似合っていると思う。
これからもし写真データを復元することができたら、
その撮影データに基づいて再度、気付いたことの残りに触れたいと思いますが、
復元は先行き不明なので、今回はこれで終了とさせていただきます。

English version⬇

Sericultural Business in Hokkaido and Pilgrimage to Ise: Sericultural Houses in Higashi-Asahikawa – 9
In the end of the Meiji period, they went all the way to Ise Jingu Shrine and back in search of a sacred card to be enshrined on the altar, wishing for the success of their business. The depth of the people’s prayer is a sigh of relief. The depths of the people’s prayers.

The silkworms are the most important animal in sericulture, and the shrine is a very impressive place.
The kamidana (Shinto altar) was a very impressive place.
The spirituality of a house is often expressed in its kamidana and butsudan.
In open houses, Buddhist altars are usually moved with the family.
But in many cases, the altar is left behind.
In most cases, a local shrine’s sacred card is enshrined.
In this silkworm farm house, as shown in the photo, Amaterasu Omikami Shrine and Toyoke Omikami Shrine were enshrined.
The shrine card had even images of these two deities printed on it, which gave it a special feeling.
These cards must have been purchased at the Outer and Inner Shrines of the Ise Jingu Shrine.
Considering the time period of 1905 (42nd year of the Meiji era), it is quite meaningful.
It is obvious that the people of this family had strong feelings for it.
As you know, Amateru-san is the ancestral deity of the emperor and is known as a goddess.
Toyoke-san is also a goddess who is said to have been responsible for preparing meals for Amateru.
Both are goddesses, and both seem to be deeply related to the fact that sericulture has been considered the labor domain of women.
sericulture has been regarded as a field of labor for women.
The Imperial Household Agency releases a photograph of the Empress working on sericulture every year.
The silkworm-raising is considered a long tradition of the Japanese people as a Shinto ritual.
In terms of traffic, it would take a whole day to get to Asahikawa in Hokkaido, Japan.
The train ride to Sapporo, Hakodate, and then on to Ise.
In the case of my family, we traveled from the Fukuyama City area in Hiroshima Prefecture to the suburbs of Iwamizawa at about the same time.
In the case of my family, I have heard that they migrated with their family from Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture to the suburbs of Iwamizawa on the Kitamae Ship to Otaru.
We can only wonder how the journey from the silkworm farmers’ home to the distant Ise Jingu Shrine and back would have been.
Considering the round trip, it seems to have taken about one month.
It can be inferred that praying to the gods for the success of the business itself was very important.
The spirit of business and the spirit of the people at the end of the Meiji era are clearly expressed
The spirit and spirit of the people in the late Meiji period are clearly expressed in this nameplate.

Looking at the floor plan, the architecture is very similar to Fukushima as a sericultural private house.
The people from Fukushima Prefecture migrated to Asahikawa in the northern part of Hokkaido, and must have made desperate efforts to develop their business there, praying for success.
They must have made desperate efforts to cultivate the land, praying for the success of their business there.
The fact that they risked their lives for sericulture, a tradition handed down since their ancestors’ time, amidst the uncertainty of the situation, can be clearly felt.
The sight of their children born and raised here must have been the very energy for tomorrow.
Only a little more than a hundred years ago, our ancestors migrated to Hokkaido with big dreams in mind.
I am deeply grateful that traces of this fact remain in this way.

Now, there was a case of missing data of my own photo taken in the middle of the series.
This is a silkworm farm house in Higashi Asahikawa. Guided by the photo data provided by Mr. Anonymous, I continued to write about what I generally felt at the site.
I have continued to write about what I felt at the site. I am deeply grateful to him.
I think this kind of in-depth investigation is suitable to think about architecture and human beings.
If I am able to recover the photographic data from now on
I would like to touch on the rest of what I noticed again based on that photographic data, but
However, since the future of the restoration is uncertain, I will end this article now.

Posted on 9月 26th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 古民家シリーズ | No Comments »

福島から旭川へ、1905年に移住した人々の生業の痕跡探訪。
今回は「壁」工法についてのポイントであります。
上の写真３番目は故地・福島県にいま保存されている養蚕の家の様子。
木造軸組に対して、外皮は塗り壁で構成されている様子がわかる。
日本住居の常識的な構成で仕上げられている。
やや寒冷とは言え、北海道と比べればはるかに温暖な福島では
内部気候にも十分な配慮が必要な養蚕の家でもこういう「外皮」で
十分にその機能性を満たすことができたということでしょう。
一方で１−２番目の写真は旭川の養蚕民家の内部と外部の仕上げの様子。
内観的には土壁によって作られているとわかる。
しかし、外観としては一部には土壁が露出しているけれど、
大部分はその上から、木の「重ね張り」が施工されているとわかる。
土壁だけでは旭川の寒冷気候に対して熱的に脆弱で、
それへの建築対応として、外皮をさらに「付加」させたものとわかる。
今日の建築常識で言えば「付加断熱」目的を試みていたと推測できる。
きのう見たように南面側は太陽熱取得のためにガラス建具＋障子という
日射熱取得をパッシブに追求していたのに対して
それ以外の方向の外皮側では、このような重厚な「重ね張り外皮」とした。
北海道ではいろいろな「断熱」の試行が行われてきて
軸間におがくずや粒状の繊維質などが「充填」されたりしてきたけれど、
この家では明確に「付加断熱」目的的な志向性が示されている。


この家では塗り壁について説明が示されているけれど、
北海道ではやがて塗り壁という建築工法は廃れていった。
今日の住宅ユーザーにとって塗り壁というものはこのように
「説明書き」が必要なほどに縁遠い建築手法となっていることを端的に語る。
今日ではこういう軸間にグラスウールなどで「静止空気」保存層を作り、
断熱層とすることが温暖地・蒸暑地でも志向されるようになってきた。
しかし1905年段階で、それも専門大工でもないDIY施工者としては
常識的土壁を施工して、直感的にその上にさらに下見板張りでの木外壁を
「防寒」の目的意図として重ね張りしていったのでしょう。
断熱について科学的解析が進んでいくのは北海道でも戦後以降。
それも北欧・北米との技術交流が始まってから実質がスタートした。
そういう前時代の中で、素朴な開拓民として果敢に知恵と工夫で立ち向かった。
必死の「あたたかさ」希求の痕跡といえるのでしょう。
もちろん塗り壁には日本人的なDNAを醸成した肌感覚があった。
細やかな土の粒子によって太陽光・室内光が微妙な陰影感をもたらし、
湿度感のある精神性を日本人に涵養してきたと感じさせられる。
北海道人としては、縁遠くなってきたこの「日本マザー」的な質感に
ある距離感を持っているのだと思っています。
どうしても違う壁構成に向かわざるを得なかった人間としての「故地」感。

English version⬇

Additional Insulation” – A silkworm-raising private house in Higashi Asahikawa – 7
A measure to insulate against the cold by layering the outer skin. Wisdom and ingenuity within the scope of common sense of Japanese architecture. Japanese nostalgia for painted walls. The Japanese nostalgia for painted walls.

Exploring the traces of the livelihood of the people who migrated from Fukushima to Asahikawa in 1905.
This time, the point is about the “wall” construction method.
The third photo above shows a sericultural house still preserved in Fukushima Prefecture, the place of its origin.
You can see that the outer skin of the house is made of painted walls, while the wooden frame is made of wooden shafts.
The house is finished in a manner that is common for Japanese houses.
Although it is somewhat cold, Fukushima is much warmer than Hokkaido.
In Fukushima, which is a little colder than Hokkaido but much warmer than Hokkaido, the “outer skin” of a silkworm-raising house, which also requires careful consideration of the internal climate, is sufficiently functional to meet the requirements.
The first and second photos show a house built by the Asahi government.
On the other hand, the first and second photos show the interior and exterior finishings of a sericultural house in Asahikawa.
Internally, it can be seen that the house is made by clay walls.
However, on the exterior, although some of the clay walls are exposed, the majority of the walls are covered with a wooden “overlay” over them.
The majority of the house is constructed with wood “overlay” on top of the exposed clay walls.
The clay walls alone are thermally vulnerable to the cold climate of Asahikawa.
The clay walls alone are thermally vulnerable to Asahikawa’s cold climate, so the exterior skin was “added” as a response to this.
In today’s construction, it is assumed that they were trying to achieve the purpose of “additional insulation.
As we saw yesterday, the south side of the house has glass fittings and shoji screens for solar heat gain.
On the other hand, on the other side of the building, the exterior skin is covered with glass fixtures and sliding doors to obtain solar heat.
On the other side of the building, a heavy “layered skin” was used.
In Hokkaido, various attempts at “insulation” have been made
sawdust and granular fibers have been used to “fill” the spaces between the shafts, but in this house, the “added insulation” is clearly defined as “insulation”.
This house clearly shows the purposeful orientation of “additional insulation”.

The house shows a description of painted walls.
In Hokkaido, the lacquered wall method of construction eventually fell into disuse.
For today’s home users, painted walls are so far removed from the building process that they need an explanation.
The house is so far removed from the building that it is necessary to write an explanation about it.
Nowadays, the use of glass wool and other materials to create a layer of “still air” between the shafts is a way of insulating the building from the warming climate.
Today, the use of glass wool or other materials between these shafts to create a layer of “still air” between the shafts as an insulating layer is becoming more common in warm and humid climates.
However, in 1905, as a DIY builder who was not a professional carpenter, he did not have the experience and knowledge to build such a wall.
In 1905, however, a DIY builder, who was not a professional carpenter, constructed a common-sense earthen wall and intuitively built a wooden exterior wall with clapboards on top of the earthen wall.
The clapboards were probably placed on top of the clapboards for the purpose of thermal insulation.
Scientific analysis of thermal insulation did not progress in Hokkaido until after World War II.
It was not until after the start of technological exchanges with Northern Europe and North America that scientific analysis of heat insulation began to take shape in Hokkaido.
In such a prewar period, the simple pioneers boldly confronted this challenge with their wisdom and ingenuity.
It can be said that this is a trace of their desperate search for “warmth.
Of course, the painted walls had a sense of skin that fostered Japanese DNA.
The fine particles of the clay brought a subtle sense of shading to the sunlight and interior light.
The fine particles of the clay bring a subtle sense of shade to the sunlight and interior light, and have nurtured in the Japanese a spirituality with a sense of humidity.
As a Hokkaido native, I feel a certain distance from this “Japanese mother” texture that has become distant from me.
I believe that we have a certain sense of distance from this “Japanese mother” quality that has become distant from us.
A sense of “hometown” as a person who has inevitably had to turn toward a different wall configuration.

Posted on 9月 24th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅性能・設備, 古民家シリーズ | No Comments »

わたしの住宅探訪写真データの喪失事件で連載ブログ記事
「東旭川の養蚕民家」シリーズが中断のやむなきに至っていましたが、
そもそもこの建物を紹介していただいた匿名氏から、なんと助け船。
氏が以前にご自分で撮影された大量の写真データをご恵送くだされたのです。
わたしの写真データについては専門のデータレスキュー屋さんに昨日依頼して
まだ状況についての返答は受けていませんが、せっかく写真をいただいたこともあり、
とりあえず、連載としては復活させたいと思います。
わたし自身の撮影した写真データと比較すると、人間の着眼点には違いがあるので
文章化するのにはやや径庭を感じる部分もありますが、
ご好意を無にせず翻訳コンニャクしながら、挑戦してみたいと思います。

で、匿名氏からはこの旭川の養蚕民家の面白いところ、として
１． 縁側が二階建てになっている。
２． 縁側がガラスで囲われている。
というポイント、着眼点が寄せられてもいました。
実はこの建物は２階は公開されていないので細部まで参照できていなかった。
日本住宅で普遍的で北海道が諦めざるを得なかった空間に「縁側」がある。
わたしのブログでも何回もこのポイントについて考えてきていますが、
この養蚕民家の場合には室内気候と日射取得に知恵と工夫を集中している。
住宅空間装置としての縁側がどうなっているのかは重要な点。
日本家屋では縁側は特徴的な中間領域、半外部ですが、
北海道では積雪寒冷という気候条件下で一番最初に放棄された空間。

まずは開拓期に旺盛に導入された「ガラス建具」で縁と外部が仕切られた。
中間領域的ではあるけれど明確に「内部化」されたと言えるでしょう。
この旭川の養蚕民家でも同様にガラス外部建具が導入されている。
一方で１階２階とも縁側はあるけれど、その内側方向は障子で仕切られている。
和室の畳空間が２層吹き抜け空間に変貌している。
一番上の写真のように障子建具が２層分上下に連続しているのです。
城郭のような特殊建築ならばいざ知らず、民家でこういう光景は珍しい。
養蚕の用途建築として、日射取得・室内気候重視の結果、
こういったデザイン的飛躍が行われたのだろうと思います。
ガラス建具で外皮が構成されているので、一種の「温室空間」だとも言える。
最初期、日本で初めてガラスが建材として北海道で導入された時期、
高価だったそれが北海道の奥深い開拓地の民家でも導入されたことからも
効果としての断熱性気密性を利用していた実質がうかがえます。
ディテールとしての建築工法進化より以前にこういう自然的パッシブの工夫が
和風建築の異形形として出現していたということでしょう。

English version⬇

Japanese-style house with a two-story atrium on the south side.
Japanese-style architecture of Hokkaido, an atypical shape for a cold climate. The natural and passive design was developed prior to the evolution of construction methods to maximize the use of the building. The house is a two-story Japanese-style house with a Japanese-style atrium.

Due to the loss of the photo data of my house visit, I had to suspend the series of blog posts
I had no choice but to suspend the series of “Sericulture Houses in East Asahikawa”.
However, Mr. Anonymous, who introduced this building to me in the first place, kindly offered to help me out.
He kindly sent me a large amount of photo data that he had taken by himself.
As for my photo data, I asked a professional data rescuer to help me yesterday.
I have not yet received a reply on the status of the data, but since I have received the photos, I would like to revive the series for the time being.
I would like to revive this article as a series for the time being.
I would like to revive the series because of the difference in the human perspective when compared to my own photographic data.
I feel it is a little bit difficult to write about it, but I will try my best.
I would like to try to translate the data into text without losing your kindness.

Mr. Anonymous mentioned the following as interesting points of this Asahikawa silkworm farm house.
1. the porch is two stories high
2. the porch is enclosed by glass.
The second floor of this building is actually open to the public.
In fact, the second floor of this building is not open to the public, so I was not able to refer to it in detail.
The “veranda” is a universal space in Japanese housing that Hokkaido has been forced to give up.
I have considered this point many times in my blog.
In the case of this silkworm farm house, wisdom and ingenuity are concentrated on the indoor climate and the acquisition of solar radiation.
It is important to note how the veranda as a residential spatial device.
In Japanese houses, the veranda is a characteristic intermediate area, a semi-exterior, but
In Hokkaido, it was the first space to be abandoned due to the climatic conditions of snowy and cold weather.
First, glass fittings, which were vigorously introduced during the pioneer period, separated the porch from the outside.
It can be said that the space was clearly “internalized,” although it was an intermediate area.
This Asahikawa silkworm farm house also introduced glass exterior fittings in the same way.
On the other hand, although both the first and second floors have veranda, they are separated from each other by shoji screens.
The tatami space of the Japanese-style room is transformed into a two-story atrium space.
As shown in the photo at the top, the shoji fittings are continuous up and down for two layers.
This kind of scene is rare in a minka (private house), notwithstanding if it were a special architecture such as a castle.
As an architecture used for sericulture, this kind of design leap was made as a result of the emphasis on solar radiation acquisition and indoor climate.
I think that this kind of design leap was made as a result of the emphasis on solar radiation and interior climate as a building used for sericulture.
Since the outer skin is composed of glass fittings, it can be said to be a kind of “greenhouse space.
In the early days, when glass was first introduced in Japan as a building material in Hokkaido
It was expensive, but it was also used in private homes in the pioneer areas deep in Hokkaido, and it was also used as a heat insulating and airtight material.
The fact that glass was used in private houses in the pioneer settlements deep in Hokkaido also suggests that it was used for its thermal insulation and airtightness effects.
This kind of natural passive ingenuity was introduced before the evolution of building construction methods as a detail.
This is probably because these natural passive devices appeared as an atypical form of Japanese-style architecture before the evolution of construction methods as a detail.

Posted on 9月 22nd, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅性能・設備, 古民家シリーズ | No Comments »