＜和歌山城は「虎伏山」の自然地形を活用したもの。その由来を示す置物＞

現代は人の集散機能性・交流優先の街づくりが行われている。
江戸末期人口が3,000万人社会から戦前期に6,000万人まで人口増加。
そして戦後から今日までで人口1億2,000万人まで増加し、
それは大都市圏の人口吸引によって達成されてきた。
これだけの社会激変があって高層コンクリートによって街が建築されている。
交通網も飛躍的に高度化してきているけれど、
戦国末期から江戸期への激変ぶりも凄かったのではないだろうか。
現代の「大都市」は札幌以外、その多くは言うまでもなく
この時期に「都市創造計画」の起点が記されている。

藤堂高虎という人物は徳川家康への擦り寄りぶりから
上方社会の嫌われ者みたいな評価が多いけれど、
こと城郭建築という面では各地にその事業痕跡を残している。
この時代の城とは軍事目的が基本だけれど同時に「まちづくり」でもある。
信長の楽市楽座や安土城がひとつの時代的転機を形成したのだろうけれど
世界情勢としての「大航海時代」に日本社会が遭遇して
資本主義的、重商主義的視点からの社会改造が活況を呈していた。
政治軍事経済が一体になって「まちづくり」の骨格形成がされた。
かれ藤堂高虎はこういう時代にあって城郭建築の第一人者と呼ばれた。
その基礎は豊臣秀長に仕えていた時代に形成され、
＜秀長の勧めで当代一流の棟梁、中井正清・甲良宗広・穴太衆ら建築者と交流。
また織田信長の安土城築城では秀吉も築城奉行の一人であったので、
当然高虎も秀長に従って工事に従事している。
和歌山城の築城に当たって普請奉行に任命され初の築城差配を経験。
方広寺大仏殿建設の際には材木を熊野から調達するよう秀吉から命じられる。
聚楽第内の徳川屋敷建築に携わる。高虎は渡された設計図に難点があると
独断で設計変更、費用は自分の持ち出しとする。のちに家康に引見され、
設計図と違う点を尋ねられると「家康様に御不慮があれば主人・秀長の不行き届き、
関白秀吉様の面目に関わると存じ私の一存で変更しました。御不興であれば
ご容赦なくお手討ちを」と返した。家康は高虎の心遣いに感謝したという。＞
というような経歴がWikiに記載されている。

かれはどうも建築土木の総合された築城行為に「数寄」を感じていたに違いない。
中井正清・甲良宗広・穴太衆という現代で言えば鹿島建設・竹中工務店といった
大手エネコンに比較しうるような存在と深く関わっていたのだろう。
かれらを建築施工者として使いながら、多数の「城」建設に取り組んだ。
こういう特殊技能者、建築家であり同時に政治家・軍人とも思える人物に対し
家康はその能力を存分に引き出したのだというようにも思える。
武将であり、戦場での武者働きに秀でていたことは前提ではあるけれど、
安部龍太郎氏の小説を読むと、秀長からはそういう武者根性をたしなめられ
より高い視点で世に尽くすことを考えよ、と諭されたとされる。
和歌山城の縄張りの基幹に建築者の「数寄」の痕跡を見る思いがします。

English version⬇

Exploration of Nara and Wakayama during the booming period of castle “construction” from the end of the Warring States period-26
Japan’s major cities originated in urban design from the perspective of military politics and economy during the Sengoku and Edo periods. This exhibition hand-dug the “age of architecture”. Nara and Wakayama

Today, the city is being developed with priority given to the functionality of gathering and dispersing people and interaction.
The population grew from 30 million at the end of the Edo period to 60 million in the prewar period.
The population has increased to 120 million since the end of World War II.
This has been achieved by attracting the population of large metropolitan areas.
With such a drastic social change, cities are being built with high-rise concrete.
The transportation network has also become dramatically more sophisticated.
The drastic changes from the end of the Warring States period to the Edo period must have been tremendous as well.
Needless to say, most of today’s “big cities” except for Sapporo were built during this period.
The starting point of the “City Creation Plan” was written during this period.

Takatora Todo was a man who was known to be a hated figure in the upper class society because of his close relationship with Ieyasu Tokugawa.
Takatora Todo is often regarded as a hated figure in the upper classes of society because of his close ties to Ieyasu Tokugawa.
However, in terms of castle construction, he has left traces of his business in many places.
Castles of this period were basically for military purposes, but at the same time, they also served the purpose of “community building.
Nobunaga’s Rakuichi Rakuza and Azuchi Castle may have marked a turning point in the history of castles.
However, the “Age of Discovery” that Japanese society encountered as a global situation
The social transformation from a capitalist and mercantilist viewpoint was booming.
Political, military, and economic activities were integrated to form the framework of “urban development.
Takatora Todo was called the leading expert on castle construction in this era.
The foundation was formed during his time in the service of Toyotomi Hidenaga.
＜At Hidenaga’s urging, he interacted with the leading master builders of the day, including Masakiyo Nakai, Munehiro Koura, and Ano-shu.
In addition, since Hideyoshi was one of the magistrates in charge of the construction of Azuchi Castle by Oda Nobunaga, Takatora naturally followed Hidenaga’s lead in the construction of the castle.
Naturally, Takatora also followed Hidenaga’s lead and worked on the construction.
In the construction of Wakayama Castle, Takatora was appointed as a fukushin-bugyo and experienced his first experience in castle construction.
When constructing the Great Buddha Hall of Hokoji Temple, he was ordered by Hideyoshi to procure lumber from Kumano.
Takatora was involved in the construction of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s residence in Jurakudai. When Takatora found a security problem in the blueprints he was given, he changed the design at his own discretion.
Takatora changed the design at his own discretion and decided to pay for it out of his own pocket. Later, Ieyasu took a look at the plans and asked him what was different from the blueprints.
Ieyasu later visited Takatora and when asked about the differences from the blueprints, Takatora replied, “If Ieyasu-sama is not pleased, it is because his master, Hidemasa, has been careless.
I made the change on my own initiative because I knew it would affect the honor of Hideyoshi Kanpaku. If you are displeased
If you are displeased, please strike him down without mercy. Ieyasu is said to have thanked Takatora for his thoughtfulness. ＞Ieyasu is said to have thanked Takatora for his thoughtfulness.
Ieyasu is said to have thanked Takatora for his thoughtfulness.

He must have felt “sukiyoshi” in the integrated act of building a castle with architecture and civil engineering.
The company’s name is a reference to Masakiyo Nakai, Munehiro Koura, and Anodashu, who today can be compared to major energy contractors such as Kajima Corporation and Takenaka Corporation.
They must have been deeply involved with Masakiyo Nakai, Munehiro Koura, and Anata Shu, who today would be compared to major energy contractors such as Kajima Corporation and Takenaka Corporation.
He used them as builders in the construction of many “castles”.
Ieyasu fully exploited the abilities of these special technicians, architects, politicians, and military men.
Ieyasu may have drawn out their abilities to the fullest.
Although it is a given that Ieyasu was a military commander and excelled at warrior work on the battlefield, Ieyasu was not a warrior.
However, Ryutaro Abe’s novel suggests that Hidenaga was chastised by Ieyasu for his warrior spirit, and that Ieyasu was more interested in serving the world from a higher perspective.
However, according to Ryutaro Abe’s novel, Hidenaga was said to have rebuked such warrior spirit and admonished him to think about serving the world from a higher perspective.
I think I see traces of the architect’s “sukiyoshi” in the backbone of Wakayama Castle’s layout.

Posted on 5月 14th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

和歌山城は1619年に御三家として徳川家がこの地に入府する。
全国支配構造のなかでこの地がいかに枢要であったかを示している。

和歌山県には宗教聖域として高野山があり、そこから分派して
全国有数の「鉄砲軍団」として根来寺を中心とした勢力もあった。
そして雑賀衆という、これも鉄砲軍団として全国に傭兵として
活躍した独立不羈の勢力がある、戦国武将としてはきわめて統治しにくい地域。
秀吉の全国統一政権成立の過程では「雑賀攻め」が重要なメルクマール。
いわば自由の中世を謳歌した武装勢力を秀吉が鎮圧したもの。
そしてその血生臭い戦乱のあと、豊臣政権として弟・秀長が統治を任され
ほぼ直轄のカタチで地域運営されていった。
現代のロシアによるウクライナ侵略とも類推されるけれど、
支配者の秀長はプーチンよりもはるかに賢明だったと思える。
平定後、1586年から和歌山築城が秀吉の命で藤堂高虎によって進められた。
後に「城造りの名人」とされたかれの最初期造営とされる。
地政学的な巨視把握と地形観望については秀吉の直感が大きかったと言われる。
巨視的戦略眼でこの地を地域支配の拠点に定めたのでしょう。
秀吉政権の性格から言っても商業重視であることは間違いなく、
大きくは紀ノ川の水運と瀬戸内海海運と太平洋側海運の重要な結節点にあり
西国支配のために大阪を支える要衝地という判断だったのでしょう。
このような地域の把握はそれまでの雑賀衆の繁栄ぶりをみれば自明ではある。
当然ながら秀吉の戦略眼は確かで、後の御三家配置も納得できる。

で、わが家系とのからみですが、
1586年ころからの豊臣秀長支配とその「代官」桑山氏への「仕官」が
どうやらその後の推移を見ると自然な流れだと思える。
で、きのう見た「三木町」も立地として商業者の根拠地町であり、
推測では旧来の雑賀衆時代から形成されていたのではないかと。
写真の「岡山口」という和歌山城の重要入口は地理で言えば
旧勢力の雑賀衆根拠地であった「岡」にも近接している。
城としての玄関口をすでに形成されていた往来中枢地域へ立地させている。
三木という名は瀬戸内海海運の重要港湾であった播州「英賀」に
城郭を持っていた三木氏に関係すると推測できます。
こうした中世商業者ネットワークというのは宗教勢力との結びつきが強い。
商業というのは活発に地域間を往来するけれどその「通行手形」として
宗教というのはもっとも信用力を持っていた。
そこで本願寺勢力と雑賀衆との連携もそういう商業ネットワークとして自然。
英賀三木氏は本願寺の根拠寺院・英賀御堂を招致するほど昵懇だった。
旧石山本願寺は大阪城の位置を占めていてその物流について、
瀬戸内海播州の英賀港とこの紀州和歌山は連携していたと考えられる。
英賀と和歌山の直接の交易関係もあって当然だろうとの推測。

さてこのコンパス軸、これからいろいろに実証を重ねていきたい。
いくつかの手掛かりを、わかやま城歴史館の学芸員さんから得られたので、
情報確度を高めていきたいと考えています。

English version⬇

Geopolitics and Economy of Wakayama Castle Nara and Wakayama Exploration-24
Speculation on the interaction between the Zoka Shu and the Seto Inland Sea water transportation. Banshu Eiga Miki clan and “Miki Town” in Wakayama. Searching for the missing link in history. …

Wakayama Castle was built in 1619, when the Tokugawa family entered the area as one of the three Imperial families.
This shows how important this area was in the national ruling structure.

In Wakayama Prefecture, there is Koyasan as a religious sanctuary, from which the Koyasan sect diverged.
Koyasan as a religious sanctuary, and from there, there was the Negoroji Temple as one of the leading “gun corps” in the country.
The Zoga-shu, another artillery corps, were independent and unrestrained forces that were active as mercenaries throughout the country.
It was an extremely difficult region to govern for a warlord.
In the process of Hideyoshi’s unification of the whole country, the “Zoga attack” was an important merkmal.
It was Hideyoshi’s suppression of the armed forces that enjoyed a free medieval period, so to speak.
After the bloody war, Toyotomi’s younger brother, Hidenaga, was appointed to rule the region.
The region was administered almost directly by the Toyotomi government.
This is analogous to the modern Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Hidenaga was much wiser than Putin.
After the conquest of Wakayama, Hideyoshi ordered Takatora Todo to build a castle in Wakayama from 1586.
It is said to be the first castle built by Takatora Todo, who was later regarded as a “master castle builder.
It is said that Hideyoshi’s intuition was significant in his macroscopic understanding of geopolitics and topography.
It is likely that his macroscopic strategic vision led him to establish this site as a base for regional control.
The character of Hideyoshi’s administration was definitely focused on commerce.
The area was located at an important node for water transportation along the Kino River, the Seto Inland Sea, and the Pacific Ocean side.
It is likely that Hideyoshi’s administration considered the area to be a strategic point that would support Osaka in its domination of the western part of the country.
Such an understanding of the region is self-evident from the prosperity of the Zoka Shu up to that time.
Naturally, Hideyoshi’s strategic eye was solid, and his later placement of the three families was also understandable.

Now, let me tell you how this relates to my family line.
The rule of Toyotomi Hidenaga from around 1586, and his “official” to the Kuwayama clan, the “deputy” of Toyotomi Hidenaga, are the reasons why the Gozan family was placed under the control of Hideyoshi.
It seems to me that the subsequent transition of the family is a natural flow of the family.
Miki-machi,” which we saw yesterday, is also a town that is a base for merchants.
My guess is that it was formed during the Zoka Shu period.
The important entrance to Wakayama Castle called “Okayamaguchi” in the photo is located in a geographical area.
The entrance to Wakayama Castle, called “Okayama-guchi” in the photo, is located in close proximity to “Oka,” which was a former Zoga-shu stronghold.
The entrance to the castle is located in an area that had already been formed as a traffic hub.
The name “Miki” is related to Miki, who had a castle in Eiga, Banshu, which was an important port for shipping on the Seto Inland Sea.
The name Miki can be assumed to be related to the Miki clan, which had a castle in Eiga, Banshu, an important port for shipping on the Inland Sea.
This network of medieval merchants has strong ties to religious powers.
Commerce was a means of transportation between regions, but religion had the most credibility as a “bill of passage” between regions.
Religion had the most credibility as a “handbill.
Therefore, the collaboration between Honganji forces and the Zoga was a natural part of such a commercial network.
Eiga Miki was such a close friend that he invited Eiga Godo, a temple based on Honganji.
The former Ishiyama Honganji occupied the location of Osaka Castle and its logistics.
It is thought that the port of Eiga in Banshu on the Seto Inland Sea and the port of Wakayama in Kishu were linked.
It is natural to assume that there was a direct trade relationship between Eiga and Wakayama.

Now, I would like to continue to verify this compass axis in various ways.
We have obtained some clues from the curator of Wakayama Castle History Museum.
I would like to improve the accuracy of the information.

Posted on 5月 12th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

さてきのう「積雪寒冷地・クルマの未来はどうなる？」と記事を書いたら
いろいろな反響ご意見を戴きました。
たまたま愛車がトラブったのでその経緯に沿って考えて見た次第。
で、本日はその続篇で北国積雪寒冷地での住宅エネルギーの問題です。

写真はきのうやや批判的に触れたTESLA社のホームページから。
太陽光発電と蓄電池というわかりやすい住宅エネルギー提案であります。
とくに蓄電池技術についてEV開発との連携で最重要テックなので、
当然のように住宅エネルギーとの連携が謳われているワケです。
クルマの大変化は必然的に住宅をも大変化させることがあきらかですね。
いま、各電力会社ではこのTESLAの提案と同様の太陽光発電＋蓄電池という
セットを提供しメンテナンスも引き受け、でもトータルの電力料金は
これまでと比べてほぼ同等というサービスを提供し始めている。
日本では住宅の高断熱高気密化は寒冷地から温暖地域に広がった。
しかしEVという与条件では温暖地主導型のエネルギー源選択になる。
住宅エネルギーとは照明、暖房、調理・給湯の用途。
そこにガソリン車が生活移動装置としてこれまでカーポートなどに置かれた。
北海道のような生活面積の広い地域、あるいは全国の地方では
公共交通手段とのアクセスが難しいことからクルマ依存が進んでいる。
クルマはドラえもんの「どこでもドア」として機能し、
温暖地の大都市圏のような公共交通に依存できない地域ではまさにインフラ。
そういう実態を反映して街自体もAEONのような広大な駐車スペース空間で
買い物からレジャーの現代利便性機能を果たしてきた。
クルマは住宅と都市計画レベルでいわば前提条件を構成している。
積雪寒冷地でこのクルマがEVに移行するとなると、
冬場には太陽光発電効率が極端に低下する。屋根設置では効率低下は
避けられないので、壁付けもあり得るかも知れないが、
まぶしさなど、近隣配慮の問題が発生するだろう。必然的に、
系統電源から必需エネルギー供給を受けることになる。集中的需要の発生。
冬場、大雪が続くときなど系統電力にかかる負荷は相当レベル。
この発電容量は大丈夫かという社会全体の問題も大きい。

温暖地域であれば考慮しなくてもいいような事象について
住宅建築の側では相当に「配慮」して行く必要があるし、
当面は試行錯誤、苦情の発生が避けられない可能性がある。
家庭でのクルマへの充電は太陽光発電由来の電力を
「充電スタンド」から充電することになるけれど、ここでも
「寒冷地ではできればカーポート」内での設備が安全側となるだろう。
温暖地であれば玄関ポーチ型が主流になるものが、よりコスト負荷が大きくなる。

総じて温暖地とはまったく違った社会コストを覚悟する必要がある。
TESLAホームページではすぐに「見積もり」というリンクがあるけれど
ユーザー側からすると、コスト不安は避けられないだろうと思う。
CEOのマスク氏は「日本は衰退滅亡する」と発言したそうだが、ひょっとして
こういうコスト負担に日本の積雪寒冷地は耐えられないと見越しているのだろうか？

English version⬇

What is the future of snowy, cold weather and residential energy?
Cars are essential infrastructure in a wide living area. What will happen to our lives in the winter when PV power generation is difficult? ・・・・・・・.

Yesterday, I wrote an article titled “What is the Future of Cars in Snowy and Cold Regions?” I wrote an article titled “What is the Future of Cars in Snowy and Cold Regions?
I received a lot of feedback and opinions.
My car happened to be in trouble, so I thought I’d share my thoughts along the way.
Today, I would like to continue the discussion on the issue of residential energy in the snowy and cold regions of northern Japan.
The photo is from TESLA’s website, which I mentioned somewhat critically yesterday.
It is an easy-to-understand proposal for residential energy, consisting of photovoltaic power generation and storage batteries.
The storage battery technology, in particular, is the most important technology for the development of EVs.
This is why the linkage to residential energy is mentioned as a matter of course.
It is clear that the major changes in the car industry will inevitably lead to a major change in the residential sector as well.
Power companies are now offering a solar power generation + storage battery system similar to the TESLA proposal.
and maintenance, but the total cost of electricity is about the same as before.
However, the total cost of electricity is almost the same as before.
In Japan, the trend toward highly insulated and airtight homes has spread from cold regions to warmer regions.
However, the choice of energy source for EVs is driven by the warmer climate.
Residential energy is used for lighting, heating, cooking, and hot water.
Gasoline-powered vehicles have been placed in carports and other locations as a means of transportation for daily life.
In regions with a large living area like Hokkaido, or in rural areas of the country.
The car is becoming increasingly dependent on the car due to the difficulty of accessing public transportation.
Cars function as Doraemon’s “door to anywhere” and
In areas that cannot rely on public transportation, such as metropolitan areas in warmer regions, they are the very infrastructure.
Reflecting this reality, the city itself is also developing a vast parking space like AEON.
AEON-like vast parking spaces have fulfilled the function of modern convenience for everything from shopping to leisure activities.
The car constitutes a prerequisite, so to speak, at the level of housing and urban planning.
If these cars were to be converted to EVs in snowy and cold regions
In winter, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation will drop drastically. Roof-mounted solar power generation systems will inevitably have lower efficiency.
However, wall-mounted solar power generation may be a possibility.
glare and other neighborhood concerns. Inevitably, the
grid power supply to supply the necessary energy. Concentrated demand.
In winter, when heavy snowfalls continue, the load on the grid power is considerable.
The question of whether society as a whole will be able to handle this generation capacity is also a major issue.

In a temperate region, there is no need to take into account
In the case of residential construction, it is necessary to give considerable “consideration” to such events, and
For the time being, trial and error and complaints may be inevitable.
Charging the car at home will be done by using electricity derived from photovoltaic power generation.
However, even here, it is difficult to charge the car from a charging station.
In cold climates, it would be safer to install the charging station in a carport if possible.
In warmer climates, the cost burden will be greater for the more common front porch type.

In general, we need to be prepared for social costs that are completely different from those in warmer climates.
Although the TESLA website has a link to “estimate” right on the homepage
I think cost concerns are inevitable from the user’s side.
Mr. Mask, the CEO of TESLA, is said to have said that “Japan will decline and perish.
Is he anticipating that Japan’s snowy and cold regions will not be able to bear this kind of cost burden?

Posted on 5月 10th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

平城京建設は日本の中央集権国家建設と同義で同時進行した。
唐という強大な「近代国家」が成立し周辺諸国はその対応を迫られた。
百済という朝鮮半島国家は国家ごと消滅した。
日本は百済を救援したが白村江で敗北し、遺民は大挙して日本に帰化した。
そして国防意識が急速に高まって日本の中央集権化も進められ
律令という法整備が進み701年には租庸調の租税体系が整備された。
日本書紀などの国史編纂作業も進められた。
これらはまさに唐に対しての総合的国防を前提としたもの。
法制度があり、独自の歴史を持っていてなお
建築空間として「都」を造営してまつりごとの実質がある。
唐の側からしてインドとも同様の国家としての外交的立ち位置を認定した。
外交的接触機会を通して日本が「別の中華」として
中国王朝から独立的な国家として認定されていったのには、
この建築に於いて高い完成度を実現させたことが与っていたと思える。

藤原京に飽き足らずさらに平城京を造営し国事行為を視覚化していく。
この過程で全国の地域から租庸調が国に納税されたけれど、
全国で唯一、飛騨国は匠たちを派遣することで納税免除されていた。
かれらは古代官僚制国家機構で造宮省、木工寮、修理職などに配属された。
藤原京跡地に近い奈良県橿原市にはいまも「飛騨町」と地名が残る。
優れた技術の飛騨の匠により都には立派な建物ができ上がった。
あきらかに首都宮殿造営において集団的技術力で移住し勤務した。
飛騨は納める織物などは免除され、そのかわり1年に250日から300日間、
都へ行って宮殿や寺院などを造る大工仕事が課せられたという。
家50戸ごとに10人割り当てられ毎年100人前後の匠が都の造営へ出役した。
換算すると総戸数500戸で各戸８人と考えれば総人口4,000人程度だろうか。
戸という概念の特定も必要でありもっと多人数の単位かも知れない。
そこから成人男子100人の人間を送出していたことになる。
全国的にこの当時すでに飛騨の建築技術は抜群とされていた証拠。
したがっていま見られる平城宮復元建築もかれらの技術痕跡と思われる。


国家という形而上の物事に建築が深く関わっている実質を見る思い。
このことは、ではどうして飛騨国ではそういう技術があったのか、
という疑問につながっていく。
飛騨では縄文時代以来１万年程度の人間痕跡はわかると言われるけれど、
やはり木材資源の豊富さということが大きな要因かと。
この平城京の時代にそういう評価が存在したということは
さまざまな「木を扱う」技術蓄積が相当程度だったとみなせる。
それまでの建築からは想像を絶するような巨大で大量の建築需要が
必然的にかれらを欲したというように言えるのでしょうね。
いろいろ想像が膨らんできて面白い。

English version⬇

The Construction of a Nation and the Artisans of Hida: The Search for Heijo-kyo, Nara – 22]
The substance of the centralized state, the large-scale wooden architecture and its technical group that played a role in its “visualization. The fundamental meaning of architecture. …

The construction of Heijo-kyo Capital proceeded simultaneously with the establishment of a centralized state in Japan.
A powerful “modern state” called the Tang Dynasty was established, and neighboring countries were forced to respond.
The Korean peninsula state of Baekje was annihilated as a nation.
Japan rescued Baekje, but was defeated at the Baekchon River, and the survivors of the Japanese invasion were returned to Japan in droves.
The Japanese government rapidly became more aware of the need for national defense, and Japan’s centralization of power was promoted.
In 701, a system of taxation was established under the Ritsuryo (Laws of the Ritsuryo Period).
The compilation of national histories, such as the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), also proceeded.
These were precisely based on the premise of comprehensive national defense against the Tang Dynasty.
Even though it had its own legal system and its own history
The Tang Dynasty had its own legal system and its own history, and yet it built a “capital” as an architectural space and had the substance of a festival.
The Tang Dynasty, for its part, recognized its diplomatic standing as a nation similar to that of India.
Through diplomatic contacts, Japan was recognized as “another China” and
The recognition of Japan as a nation independent of the Chinese dynasties was due in large part to the
The fact that Japan achieved a high degree of perfection in the construction of this building was a contributing factor.

Not content with the Fujiwara-kyo Capital, he built the Heijo-kyo Capital and began to visualize the conduct of state affairs.
In this process, taxation and taxes were paid to the government from all regions of Japan.
Hida was the only region in Japan that was exempted from paying taxes by dispatching artisans.
They were assigned to the Ministry of Palace Construction, the Woodworking Dormitory, and the Repairing Department in the ancient bureaucratic state structure.
The name “Hida-machi” still remains in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, near the site of the Fujiwara-kyo capital.
Hida’s excellent craftsmanship enabled the construction of magnificent buildings in the capital.
Hida was clearly the center of the capital’s palace construction, and the people of Hida migrated and worked there with their collective technical skills.
Hida were exempted from paying for textiles, but instead worked 250 to 300 days a year in the capital.
Instead, they were required to go to the capital 250 to 300 days a year to work as carpenters building palaces, temples, and other structures.
Every 50 households were assigned 10 carpenters, and about 100 carpenters went to the capital every year to work on the construction of the capital.
If we assume that the total number of houses was 500 and that each house had 8 workers, the total population would be about 4,000 people.
However, the concept of a “house” needs to be specified, and it may be a unit with a much larger number of people.
The total population of Hida was already 100 adult males at that time.
This is evidence that Hida’s architectural skills were already considered outstanding at that time.
Therefore, the reconstruction of the Heijo Palace is considered to be a trace of their technology.

The thought of seeing the substance of architecture deeply involved in the metaphysical things of a nation.
This leads to the question, “Why did the Hida region have such technology?
This leads to the question, “Why did the Hida region have such technology?
In Hida, it is said that traces of humans can be seen for about 10,000 years since the Jomon period.
I think the abundance of wood resources is a major factor.
The fact that such a reputation existed at the time of the Heijo-kyo Capital
The fact that such a reputation existed during the Heijo-kyo period indicates that there was a considerable accumulation of various “wood-handling” techniques.
The huge and massive demand for construction, which was unimaginable in the architecture of the time
It is interesting to see how the imagination is expanding.
It is interesting to imagine the various possibilities.

Posted on 5月 8th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

わたしが高校生の頃に修学旅行で訪れた「奈良の都」とは、
シカが群集まってくる東大寺南大門〜大仏殿建築が主役。
いまの奈良市役所周辺の地域でしたが、創建時の平城京にとって
このいまの「中心地」は外京エリアであって、
本当の首都機能中心地域はいま復元されつつある平城京公園地域。
今後、この大極殿や朱雀門などの地域が修学旅行の目的地のひとつになるのか。
こういう探究型の変化はたいへん有意義で面白いと思う。

なんだけれど、青少年たちが東大寺大仏殿を同様に、
この復元平城宮大極殿を「日本らしさ」と受け取ることについては
どうなのか、とは思う部分がある。
普遍性のある世界宗教としての仏教を日本が受容したことは自明だけれど、
一方で中華思想に基づく建築である大極殿は必ずしもそう思えない。
三内丸山とか古代出雲神殿などの方をこそ日本建築の初源知識とすべきかと。
歴史的経緯としてはじめて「統一国家」としてのカタチを整えていく時期に
日本は国家政体としてのモデルを中華思想に求めたに過ぎず、
それが世界標準のありようだと認定して限定的に受容したのが実態と思う。
まぁ相対的認識を得るために他の京都建築なども見学するのだから、
そう目くじらを立てるほどとも思わないけれど・・・。
そして実際の日本史は非中華の方向、より民主的方向に向かった。
で、統一国家形成の経緯を表しているのが中華思想的「四神」の祀られよう。
写真は復元平城宮大極殿の小壁に描かれたかわいい動物画。
奈良県に在住の日本画家・上村淳之（あつし）氏の描画によるもの。
西が白虎、東が青龍、南が朱雀で北が玄武。それぞれの方位に描かれている。
絵を見て面白かったのが青龍であります。
わたしの干支でもありますが、想像上の動物なので
「え、こういうのが龍なの？」という驚きを持ってしげしげと見た。
普通、寺院などの天井画に描かれている龍はもっとヘビっぽくて
表情もおどろおどろしい。こちらの青龍はどうもイヌかシカっぽい。
ここまで「かわいい」印象の龍を見るのは新鮮な感覚。
復元に当たってこういう「壁画」の根拠証拠を求めただろうけれど、
たぶん消失して記録もないのだろうと推測できる。
そこであまり権威主義的ではない表現を目指してこういう画風選択に至ったのか。
結果としてわたし的には納得感があった。
このやさしさ感は日本的な印象を与えてもくれると思った。

そういう印象をさらに高めていたのが、一見タイベックシートの図案と見えた（笑）
天井のデザイン図案。
これもやさしげな日本画的な模様が表装されていた。
復元に当たってのデザイン方針としてハードな「中華思想」感をやわらげ、
和風の威信建築というコンセプトだったように感じられた。
そのことには同意したい気分を持った次第です。

English version⬇

Heijo Palace Daigokuden “Four Deities and Twelve Zodiac Signs” Nara, Heijo-kyo: Searching for the Heijo-kyo Capital-20
A group of Japanese paintings that give a more Japanese impression of the hard authoritarianism of Chinese thought. The four gentle deities heal us (smile). …

The “capital of Nara,” which I visited on a school excursion when I was a high school student, is a city of the Nara Period.
The “Nara Capital” that I visited on a school excursion when I was a high school student was the area around Todaiji’s South Gate and the Daibutsuden (Great Buddha Hall), where deer gather in large groups.
The area around the present-day Nara City Hall was the center of the Heijo-kyo Capital at the time of its foundation, but this area was not the center of the capital at the time of its foundation.
The real center of the capital was the area of the outer capital.
The true center of the capital’s functions is the Heijo-kyo Park area, which is now being restored.
Will the Daigoku-den and Suzakumon be one of the destinations for school excursions in the future?
This type of exploratory change would be very meaningful and interesting.
However, I am not sure whether young people will accept the Todaiji Daibutsuden as “very Japanese” or not.
I wonder about the possibility that young people will accept the restored Heijo Palace Daigoku-den as “Japaneseness”.
I wonder about the possibility that young people will accept the restored Heijo Palace Daigoku-den as “Japaneseness.
It is obvious that Buddhism was accepted as a universal world religion.
On the other hand, Daigoku-den, an architecture based on Chinese thought, does not necessarily seem to be so.
Sannai-Maruyama and the ancient Izumo Temple should be regarded as the first source of knowledge of Japanese architecture.
Historically, it was the first time for a unified nation to take shape.
The model for a national polity was based on Chinese ideology, and this was recognized as the global standard.
The reality is that they recognized it as the world standard and accepted it as such.
Well, since we visit other architectures in Kyoto in order to gain a relative understanding, I don’t think it’s so much of a big deal.
I don’t think it is worth making such a big deal out of it.
And actual Japanese history took a non-Chinese direction, a more democratic direction.
And so, the process of forming a unified nation is represented by the Chinese ideological “Four Gods” enshrined.
The photo shows a cute animal painting on a small wall of the restored Daigoku-den Hall of Heijo Palace.
It was painted by Atsushi Uemura, a Japanese-style painter living in Nara Prefecture.
The white tiger is on the west, the blue dragon on the east, the red bird on the south, and the black turtle on the north. Each of them is depicted in its own direction.
When I saw the painting, I was interested in the blue dragon, which is also my zodiac sign.
It is also my zodiac sign, but it is an imaginary animal.
I looked at it with surprise, “Oh, this is a dragon?” I looked at it with surprise.
Usually, dragons depicted in ceiling paintings of temples and other places look more like snakes.
and their expressions are frightening. This blue dragon looks like a dog or a deer.
It was a new experience for me to see such a “cute” dragon.
I suppose they would have asked for evidence of this kind of “wall painting” when they restored it.
However, we can assume that it has probably disappeared and there is no record of it.
I wonder if this style of painting was chosen in order to create a less authoritarian expression.
As a result, I was satisfied with the result.
This sense of gentleness also gives me a Japanese impression.

Such an impression was further enhanced by what appeared at first glance to be a Tyvek sheet design (laugh).
The design of the ceiling.
It was also covered with a gentle Japanese painting-like pattern.
The design policy for the restoration of the building was to soften the hard “Chinese idea” and to create a prestige building in a Japanese style.
I felt that the design policy in restoring the building was to soften the hard “Chinese idea” and create a prestige building in a Japanese style.
I was inclined to agree with this.

Posted on 5月 6th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »