さて十津川の歴史を深掘りしていると、さまざまな資料を再発見させられる。探訪時には「とりあえず資料類と思えるものは収集しといてあとでじっくり確認」とさまざまな資料類も基本的に写真に収めておく。で、じっくり「深掘り」する機会はなかなか作れない（笑）。人間の性〜さが。
　今回2024年４月に探訪した大阪豊中の民家園「十津川の家〜旧丸田家」の写真画像類をもとに、北海道・新十津川との縁を中心にと思って記述を始めたのですが、こちらの記録類の再発掘を始めたら過去の歴史にどんどん突入してきています。上の図版はその資料類の中の「太閤検地」記録文書図。
　「天正15年　日かへ（控えと推定）」「十津川　和州（大和国）吉野郡野尻村　金左衛門　佐介」とある。
　主な作物「いも・そば」と記述された畠からの収穫量とその畠の所有者の記載された文書。「いわむろ」という詳細地名が記され、その収穫地と作物・所有者について「一所畠　いも／そば　一石五斗　清四郎」という「租税根拠」書類が掘り起こされた。
　〜太閤検地は秀吉が天正10（1582)年に開始し、租税賦課の基礎条件を明確にするために日本全土で行った、山林を除く田畑の測量及び収穫量調査。日本初の全国規模の検地であり従前の荘園制的特権を打破し各土地の貢租(年貢)の徴収を容易にするため、荘・郷・保・里など区分が多々あった田制を統一して村制度を樹立させた。各耕地1筆ごとに1作人(一地一作人)を原則とし、土地は画一的に領主に直属させた。これによって荘園制時代よりも各耕地の所有関係が整理され、日本の近世封建制度の基礎が確立された。大化改新・地租改正・農地改革と並び、日本の歴史で重大な土地制度上の変革である。〜Wikiの要旨。
現代で言えば、三木奎吾　所得の方法とその年度の所得金額データみたいなモノに等しい。それまでが、おおまかに各地域集落単位程度の経済基礎の総量把握だけだったものが、各戸ごとの経済規模を直接把握したのだということに等しい。日本の政治統治の新段階を明瞭に示している。現代ではこの段階の「家単位」家制度からさらに詳細に個人単位に収奪構造が進化して行くけれど、いずれにせよ、政治権力による経済支配という「国家のコア」の記録といえるのでしょう。現代にいたるディープステートの実像を見る思い。ひとびとの「減税」への悲痛な思いがこの紙背に刻印されていると思える。

English version⬇

[Taikoo inspection records, the desire to reduce taxes Totsukawa and ‘New Totsukawa’ – 4]
Economic grasp of each piece of land owned by individual owners of raw households. Recalling the disasters of the modern deep state. The people’s desire for tax reductions that transcend time. …

　Digging deeper into the history of Totsukawa, we are forced to rediscover a variety of documents. When visiting, I basically take photos of the various materials, saying “I’ll just collect what I think are materials for now and check them carefully later”. But it is difficult to have the opportunity to delve deeper (laughs). Human nature.
　This time, based on the photographs and images of the Toyonaka Minka Garden in Osaka, which I visited in April 2024, I started to write about the relationship with Shin Totsukawa in Hokkaido, but when I started re-excavating the records here, I found myself plunging deeper and deeper into past history. The illustration above is a map of the “Taikō Kenshi” record among these documents.
　The text reads: “Tensho 15 nen hikakae (presumed to be an annex)” and “Totsukawa Wazhu (Yamato Province) Yoshino-gun Nojiri-mura Kinzaemon Sasuke”.
　Document describing the harvest from a field described as the main crops “potato and buckwheat” and the owner of the field. A detailed place name ‘Iwamuro’ is given, and a “tax basis” document was dug up for the harvest area, crops and owner: ‘Ichisho Hatake imo / soba, one stone five too, Seishiro’.
　〜The Taiko-kensetsu was a survey of fields, excluding forests and mountains, and the amount of harvested crops, which was carried out throughout Japan by Hideyoshi in 1582 to clarify the basic conditions for levying taxes. It was Japan’s first nationwide land survey, and unified the rice field system, which had been divided into many different categories such as Zhuang, Go, Ho and Ri, and established the village system in order to break down the manorial privilege and make it easier to collect annual tribute for each area of land. In principle, each piece of arable land was assigned to a single farmer (i.e. one farmer per piece of land), and the land was uniformly assigned directly to the lord. This system organised the ownership of each piece of arable land better than in the manorial system, and established the foundations of the early modern feudal system in Japan. Along with the Taika Reform, the Land Tax Reform and the Agricultural Land Reform, this was one of the most significant land reforms in Japanese history. ~Wiki abstract.
In modern times, it is equivalent to something like the Miki Keigo income method and income amount data for the year. It is equivalent to the fact that the economic scale of each household was directly grasped, whereas until then it was only possible to grasp the total economic basis of each local settlement unit. This is a clear indication of a new stage in Japanese political governance. In modern times, the structure of deprivation has evolved from this stage of the “family-based” family system to more detailed individual units, but in any case, it can be said to be a record of the “core of the state”, which is economic domination by political power. The image of the Deep State as it exists today. It seems that the people’s grief over the “tax cuts” is imprinted on the spine of this paper.
　
　

Posted on 2月 21st, 2025 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 歴史探訪