昨日で当面の懸案事項について、一気呵成に一段落させられた。そういう特異日というのはあるもので、いろいろな作業段取りが複雑に絡み合いながら「腑に落ちる」みたいな感覚で、大団円を迎える。仕事というものは人間のやることなので、心の持ちようが微妙に反映していくものなのでしょう。ただし、これはあくまでも途中経過での一段落。引き続き、油断せずに対応して行きたい。
　ということで、ブログ記述でも「名古屋城編」に復帰。
　この城で興味深かったのは、徳川氏の全国支配の要衝地ということで天下普請としての建築から、内部の装飾がキラキラとまぶしく輝くようであったこと。まぁ金屏風絵がこれでもかと飾られていたのであります。
　こういった性格の城郭建築としては江戸城がその最高点になるものでしょうが、こちらは住宅の一種という建築の仕分けから、天皇の居所として宮殿建築に変容して、もちろんその内部空間は滅多に参照することが出来ない空間になっている。
　そういう流れからすると、この名古屋城は江戸城の内装空間を想起させるような室内空間と推認できる。で、もっとも印象的なのは、金屏風障壁画のきらびやかなこと。上の写真は「玄関」から廊下に至る空間を装飾するもの。狩野派などの日本の伝統的画業がみごとに端座している。


　昔の絵を写す技術を「模写」という。模写は古典絵画の名品が持つ芸術性や優れた技術を修得・継承するために行われてきた。この名古屋城では絵が描かれた当初の姿に戻すという「復元模写」の方法が取られていたのだという。愛知県立芸術大学の日本画保存模写研究会の加藤純子氏による指導でこの復元模写作業は進められた。
　そのプロセスを記録広報するパネル展示がされていて、絵が大好きな血が騒いで仕方なかった（笑）。小学校１年生の時に描いた相撲の立会いの瞬間の絵が、アメリカ・ポートランド市と札幌市の「姉妹都市」提携の時の児童画交換コンテストで特選で選ばれた出自をもつわたしとしては（💦）、まことにひきこまれる。
　芸術というのは、わかりやすく権力建築と宗教建築などの需要に応じて存続発展してきたものでしょうが、日本ではこうした金屏風絵がながく日本民族の美意識を存続させてきた。
　そういう心構えとか、臨場感のようなものが、こうした展示から伝わってきた。真摯に画布に向かって折り目正しく座して、しかし業にあたっては「三昧」の心境で当たっていただろう、その様子をルポルタージュしてくれているようで、こころが激しく反応していた。……

English version⬇

Restoration and Reproduction of the Barrier Paintings: Exploring Nagoya Castle – 3
The art of decorating palaces and religious buildings has been handed down from generation to generation. The work of restoration, which transcended the time and space of several hundred years, is intensely felt. …

　Yesterday, I was able to complete all of my pending tasks in one fell swoop. There are such special days, when all the various work arrangements are intertwined in a complex way, and the work comes to a conclusion with a sense of “it all becoming clear”. Work is a human activity, so it is a subtle reflection of how one’s mind works. However, this is only the end of the story. We will continue to deal with the situation without letting our guard down.
　So, I am back to the “Nagoya Castle” section in my blog entry.
　What was interesting about this castle was that the interior decorations seemed to shine brightly, as it was built as a fuchin under the Tokugawa clan’s rule over the whole country. The interior of the castle was decorated with gold folding screen paintings.
　Edo Castle is probably the highest point of this type of castle architecture, but this castle was transformed from a type of residential building to a palace building as the residence of the emperor, and of course, its interior space is a space that can seldom be referred to.
　In that vein, we can infer that the interior space of this Nagoya Castle is reminiscent of the interior space of Edo Castle. What is most impressive is the glittering gold folding screen barrier paintings. The picture above is one that decorates the space from the “entrance” to the corridor. Traditional Japanese paintings of the Kano school and other schools are beautifully displayed.

　The technique of copying old paintings is known as “reproduction. Reproduction has been used to acquire and pass on the artistry and superior technique of masterpieces of classical painting. At Nagoya Castle, the method of “restoration copying” was used to restore the castle to its original appearance when it was first painted. Junko Kato of Aichi Prefectural University of Fine Arts and Music’s Japanese Painting Conservation and Reproduction Society guided the process of restoration and reproduction.
　There was a panel exhibit documenting and publicizing the process, which got my painting-loving blood boiling (laughs). As a first-year elementary school student whose drawing of a sumo match was selected as a special prize in a children’s drawing exchange contest held in conjunction with the “sister city” affiliation between Portland and Sapporo, I was really drawn to the work (💦).
　In Japan, however, these gold folding screen paintings have long sustained the aesthetic sense of the Japanese people.
　This kind of attitude and sense of presence was conveyed through these exhibits. The reportage of the painters, who were seated with sincerity and poise facing the canvas, and who probably approached their work with a mind of “samadhi,” made my heart react violently to the exhibition. ……

Posted on 12月 10th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
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　セカンドライフの日常にすこしづつ移行してきて、カミさんや家族とゆっくりと過ごす安寧感を抱くような時間を過ごせるようになって来た。昨日もやや遠い日帰り温泉までの往復のドライブを楽しんでおりましたが、ちょうどこの時期らしい北海道の天候に抱かれておりました。
　札幌から北70kmほどの美唄周辺まででしたが、うっすらとした降雪から青空も覗いてくるような空模様と、目的地周辺では一転して数十センチほどの活発な降雪。視界良好から一転して高速道路が通行止めになるかも、という視界不良になっておりました。北海道の人間としてはこういう季節の慣例的な空模様がけっこう「なつかしさ」を刺激してくれる。ブリザード的な猛吹雪も、しずかに受け入れる心理とでも言えるでしょうか。冬将軍の前触れが「来てくれた」と感じる心理模様。
　そういう天候状況の中で従順に、冷静にスピードダウンしてクルマの中から再会を楽しんでいる。
　で、そのあと、今度は複雑で面白い造形の「雲」が青空といっしょに顔を出してくれたりする。時々刻々と変化する雲の表情に、人生時間での視覚感覚がフラッシュバックしてくる。そういう雲の表情に、過去の心境が重なってくるのですね。
　写真は2015年9/10日に愛知県の「名古屋城」を訪問していた日の印象的だった雲の様子。まるで城郭のような晩夏の入道雲。太平洋の島々とつながるような灼熱の夏の大気が活発な雲を造形する様子。日本列島では関東の千葉あたりからずっと沖縄に至るまで「熱帯」感のある夏が出現する。そういう気候とは縁遠い北海道から来てみると、そのオモシロい雲の造形にこころ打たれる。
　そんな心理模様に先日ついに読了できた写真のような本の内容、受け止め方が重なってくる。

　著者の田坂広志氏は以下のような人物。
＜　工学博士（原子力工学）
デモクラシー2.0イニシアティブ 代表発起人
世界経済フォーラム（ダボス会議）グローバル・アジェンダ・カウンシル メンバー
世界賢人会議 ブダペスト・クラブ 日本代表
ニューイングランド複雑系研究所 ファカルティ
米国ジャパンソサエティ 日米イノベーターズネットワーク メンバー
日本総合研究所 フェロー
元内閣官房参与　＞
　非常に刺激的な「生死論」で、最先端科学が「宗教との架け橋をかけた」とでも表すべき内容。わたし自身も高齢化してきて、自ずと生死を身近なテーマ、それもある種、透明な心理で冷静にみつめるような時間がやってきている。そういう心理の中でまことに揺さぶられるような論旨。雲をつかむような心理ながら、いのちと意識のふしぎさにだんだんと近しさが感じられてきています。

English version⬇

[9/10/2015 Nagoya Clouds and “Death Doesn’t Exist” reads
Cutting-edge science is beginning to discuss religion in a serious way. Considering that religion once judged science, I am deeply moved by the evolution of mankind. …

　As I gradually move into the daily routine of my second life, I am now able to spend time with my wife and family and feel a sense of peace and tranquility. Yesterday, I was enjoying the drive to and from a rather distant day spa, and was embraced by the Hokkaido weather that is typical of this time of year.
　The weather was about 70 km north of Sapporo, in the vicinity of Bibai, and the sky was blue with a few light snowfalls, but around our destination, it turned around and was snowing actively, with a few dozen centimeters of snowfall. The visibility was so poor that the highway might be closed. As a person from Hokkaido, this kind of customary seasonal weather stimulates my nostalgia. I guess you could call it a calm acceptance of blizzard-like blizzard conditions. It is a psychological pattern in which we feel that the harbingers of the winter army have “arrived.
　In such weather conditions, they obediently and calmly slow down and enjoy the reunion from inside their cars.
　And then, after that, “clouds” of complex and interesting shapes would appear along with the blue sky. The ever-changing expressions of the clouds bring me back to the visual sensations of my life time. The expression of the clouds overlaps with my past state of mind.
　The photo shows the impressive clouds on 9/10/2015, the day I was visiting “Nagoya Castle” in Aichi Prefecture. Late summer iridescent clouds that look like castle walls. The scorching summer atmosphere that seems to connect with the islands of the Pacific Ocean, sculpting active clouds. In the Japanese archipelago, summers with a “tropical” feel appear from Chiba in the Kanto region all the way to Okinawa. Coming from Hokkaido, which is far from such a climate, I was struck by the interesting cloud formations.
　The contents of the book shown in the photo, which I finally finished reading the other day, and the way I perceive it overlap with such a psychological pattern.

　The author, Hiroshi Tasaka, is the following person.
＜ Doctor of Engineering (Nuclear Engineering)
Representative Founder, Democracy 2.0 Initiative
Member, Global Agenda Council, World Economic Forum (Davos)
Japan Representative, Budapest Club of the World Council of Wise Men
New England Institute for Complex Systems Faculty
Member, U.S.-Japan Society Japan-U.S. Innovators Network
Fellow, The Japan Research Institute, Limited
Former Counselor, Cabinet Secretariat
　A very stimulating “theory of life and death” that should be described as cutting-edge science “bridging the gap between science and religion. As I myself have aged, I have come to see life and death as themes close to my heart and mind, and I have come to look at them dispassionately and with a kind of transparent mind. In the midst of such a mindset, I was really shaken by the content of this essay. Although it is as if I am grasping at a cloud, I am gradually feeling closer to the mystery of life and consciousness.

Posted on 12月 8th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
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　写真は名古屋城の展示で、やはりこの人物がいなければと言える信長さんの肖像画。この城郭、名古屋城自体はその後の尾張徳川家の本拠地として、天下普請で建築されたものなので、尾張織田家とは無関係ではあるけれど、戦国末期に全国統一事業を主体的に推進した中部・東海勢力の首魁としてはやはりこの人物が基盤になっている。
　日本国家の中枢機能は畿内地域が担ってきたけれど、鎌倉幕府の成立など関東に武権が成立したように東西という構図が日本列島全体の権力争奪では根付いていった。さらには、古代における関ヶ原合戦ともいえる「壬申の乱」では、中部地域から東の勢力を統合した天武系が勝利を収めたのに、この地域の勢力の合力が大きかったとされている。東西の中間地域として、この地域は全国の政治情勢の帰趨を決する地域であり続けたといえる。
　そういった最重要地域であり続けたことが、戦国期の日本にとってのヘゲモニーを持たせたということなのだろうか。下の絵柄は展示されていた名古屋城下のにぎわいぶり。伝統的な日本絵画、洛中洛外図と同様のアングルで市井の様子が絵巻物として残されている。信長は、若年期、街のにぎわいのなかをうろつく半グレのような行状を見せていたというエピソードが語られるけれど、京都での政治軍事支配を掌握した後、同時に全国最大の商業中心地域・堺の支配権もすぐさま掌握している。堺の街の醸し出す重商主義気質が、伊勢湾岸の商業中心地育ちの信長のメンタルを刺激したのかも。
　やはり重商主義的な地域性が成長期にも色濃く性格形成に与っていたのだろう。
　さて一方で、北海道はこの地域との関係性が薄いのではないだろうか。明治以前までの北海道はひたすら「北前交易」によって畿内地域や北陸、環日本海地域との関係性が深かった。また、明治維新以降は政権中央の東京から、近代国家国防の最前線地域として最重視されて旺盛に「開拓事業」が推進されていったことで、北海道の隣県は東京というような感覚にまで至っている。
　そういうなかでは、中部東海地域というのは関係性のきっかけが見い出しにくい。明治期以降、東西という日本国内の基本的な地域間権力構図が様変わりして、政治面では東京一極集中が極限まで進んだことがこういう認識の背景になっているようにも思える。
　たぶんこれからの時代にはトヨタの中枢がこの地域を基盤としているということが、大きな要素になっていくようにも思える。北海道とこの地域、さてどんな未来形があるだろうか。興味深い。

English version⬇

Why did the Tokai region give birth to the Tengokujin? Nagoya Castle Exploration-2
The Chubu-Tokai region became decisive in the political and economic situation at the end of the Warring States period. Was this due to the heavy mercantilist climate? What is the future of regional relations with Hokkaido? …

　The photo shows a portrait of Nobunaga at the Nagoya Castle exhibit, which, after all, would not have been possible without this man. This castle, Nagoya Castle itself, was built as the base of the Owari Tokugawa family, and was built under a contract with the Tenka Fuchin, so it has nothing to do with the Owari Oda family, but it is based on this man as the leader of the Chubu and Tokai forces that proactively promoted a nationwide unification project at the end of the Warring States period.
　The central functions of the Japanese state had been carried out in the Kinai region, but as the Kamakura Shogunate was established and military power was established in the Kanto region, the East-West structure took root in the struggle for power throughout the Japanese archipelago. Furthermore, in the Jinshin Rebellion, which could be called the Sekigahara Battle in ancient times, the Temmu lineage, which united forces from the central region to the east, emerged victorious, but the combined power of the forces in this region is said to have been significant. As the middle region between the east and west, this region continued to be the region that determined the political situation of the whole country.
　The fact that it remained the most important region in Japan during the Warring States period may have given it hegemony over the country. The picture below shows the bustling Nagoya Castle area where the exhibition was held. The picture scroll depicts the city life from the same angle as the traditional Japanese painting, Rakuchu Rakugai-zu. Nobunaga is said to have behaved like a half-wit wandering around the bustling streets in his youth, but after seizing political and military control of Kyoto, he quickly seized control of Sakai, the largest commercial center in the country. Perhaps the mercantilist spirit that Sakai exuded stimulated the mentality of Nobunaga, who grew up in the commercial center on the Ise Bay coast.
　It is likely that the mercantilist character of the region contributed strongly to the formation of Nobunaga’s personality even during his period of growth.
　On the other hand, Hokkaido may not have had much to do with this region. Before the Meiji Restoration, Hokkaido had deep relations with the Kinai region, Hokuriku region, and the Japan Sea Rim region through “trade in front of the north. After the Meiji Restoration, Tokyo, the center of government, placed the highest priority on Hokkaido as a frontline region for national defense in the modern era, and vigorous “development projects” were promoted, leading to the perception that Hokkaido’s neighboring prefectures are Tokyo.
　In this context, it is difficult to find any opportunity for a relationship between the Chubu-Tokai region and the rest of Japan. The basic power structure between the East and West regions of Japan has changed since the Meiji Era, and the extreme concentration of power in Tokyo in terms of politics seems to be the reason behind this perception.
　The fact that Toyota’s hub is based in this region will probably become a major factor in the future. What kind of future shape will Hokkaido and this region take? It will be interesting to see what the future holds for Hokkaido and this region.

Posted on 12月 6th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
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　昨日、ちょっと懸案になっていて心理的にも重たくなっていた案件にようやくメドがついて、一段落であります。で、その流れから行動予定も決定できて見通しが立ってきた。
　さて一進一退で徐々に冬が深まってきている北海道札幌。写真のような降雪もときどきありつつ、7-8°くらいまで最高気温が上がったりもしております。札幌市民としては、一回くらいドカ雪が来るとハラが坐らざるを得なくなるのですが、どうもことしはハッキリしない。いつ何時くるかわからない中で、心理的には「執行猶予」付きの期間のような受け止め方（笑）。あ、わたし、交通違反は別にして、おかげさまで人生で一度も警察にご厄介になって裁判でそのような状況になった経験はありません。
　一度、大量降雪が来れば、かえって落ち着くのですね。そういう日常がごく自然に受け止められる。その上でどのように行動すべきか、計画も立てられやすいのですね。戸建て住宅に住んでいて、ご近所関係にご迷惑にならないように「共助」の自然な規範が働いてくるもの。除雪と堆雪の、そのシーズンでの行動ルールのようなものを、ご近所関係の円滑化のために確立させる必要があるのですね。
　毎朝のルーティン作業が定まるということでしょうか。最初のドカ雪がくれば否応なくそれの「この冬バージョン」が決定する。そうすると、わたしがもし不在でも、ルールが決まっているので家人はそれに準拠して行動すれば良い、ということになるのですね。毎朝の除雪作業に「筋道」が確立する。
　・・・ということですが、このようにドカ雪ではない状況も、ありがたいのは当然。もうちょっとこの状況を楽しんだらいいのですが、どうも疑い深い性格になってしまっている（泣）。
　しかし温暖地・兵庫県では延々と騒動が継続しているようで、どうもマスメディアのありようのような局面にまで突き進んできている。現代ニッポンの状況の一断面が際だってきている。そういう意味ではまことに現代を象徴するような事案になってきていますね。さて。

English version⬇

The end of the year, the season of growing old.
The snowfall will eventually bring us to the “set condition” of Sapporo’s residential area in winter, but I’m somewhat on probation. I am in a state of mind like, “I’m all set, so come on, come on! …

　Yesterday, I finally reached a decision on a matter that had been pending for some time and had been weighing on me psychologically, and I am now at peace. And, as a result, I was able to decide on a schedule of activities and have a clear outlook for the future.
　Winter is gradually deepening in Sapporo, Hokkaido. While snowfall as shown in the photo sometimes occurs, the maximum temperature rises to around 7-8°C. As a Sapporo resident, I would like to visit Sapporo at least once in a while. As a resident of Sapporo, I am always nervous when we get a heavy snowfall, but this time it is not so clear. I am not sure when it will come, but psychologically, I am taking it like a period of “probation” (laugh). I have never been in trouble with the police in my life, except for traffic violations, and thanks to you, I have never been in such a situation in a court of law.
　Once a heavy snowfall comes, I feel more at ease. You can accept that kind of routine very naturally. It is easy to make plans on how to act. When you live in a detached house, the natural norm of “mutual aid” comes into play so as not to inconvenience your neighbors. You need to establish some kind of rules of conduct for snow removal and composting, for that season, to facilitate neighborly relations.
　Does this mean that a routine task will be established each morning? If the first snowstorm comes, the “this winter version” of it will be determined without denial. Then, even if I am not here, the rules are set and the householder just has to conform to them. A “path” will be established for the snow removal work every morning.
　I am grateful for the situation where we don’t have heavy snowfalls. I wish I could enjoy this situation a little more, but apparently I have become a skeptic (cries).
　However, it seems that the turmoil is continuing endlessly in Hyogo Prefecture, a warmer climate area, and apparently, it is pushing us into a phase like the state of the mass media. This is a very striking example of the situation in contemporary Japan. In that sense, this is truly a case that symbolizes our times. Now, let’s see.

Posted on 12月 4th, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究 | No Comments »

　写真は金沢城「五十軒長屋」の内観と外観。この建築の用途としては、この建築がその上に建てられている石垣・土塁が、門を破って侵入してきた敵勢の攻撃から「城内」を防御するものだったことは一目瞭然。石垣手前には堀も仕込まれているので、目的は明確でしょう。攻城側からすれば、この石垣に対してそれをよじ登って城中の守備勢を殲滅するということは、大砲ででも攻撃する以外、考えられないだろう。江戸初期ということであるので、すでに大阪の陣で決定力を発揮した大砲という軍事進化はあったにせよ、鉄砲などの攻勢への対応力として必要十分と考えたものでしょう。ほぼ全面で確保された長大な開口部から、敵勢に対して弓矢鉄砲で打撃を加える機能性。
　また防衛守備側としては、長大な「防衛ライン」死守のために広大な空間に武器弾薬を確保し、同時に兵の守備位置移動の随意性が確保されているということでしょうか。この主要な「動線」が少なくとも２方向でしっかり確保可能だろうと思えた。なによりも防衛側の機動力が機能的に確保されているというのが印象。また戦争局面の一挙的把握が可能だったとも思われる。


　こちらが展示されていた「構造模型」とその解説文。釘やボルトなどを使わない昔の製法で忠実に再建されているとのこと。 現在の五十間長屋は、平成13年に復元されたもの。
　解説文で興味深いのは「柱の断面が菱形をしているので接合方法が複雑」というくだり。江戸初期にこれだけの長大空間を造作するのに、その堅牢性確保のために、当時の木造建築技術での最新の工夫が盛り込まれたものだろうか。戦争施設として考えられる攻撃打撃に対しての衝撃緩和、木組みの粘着力・持久力を高める手法として採用されたと考えられる。まっすぐの木組みよりも方向性を複雑化させることで簡単に建築が崩壊しないように考えたのだろうか。木の匠技。
　さてこうした建築だけれど、やはり基本的な機能要素としてはこの石垣土塁の上に木造建築を乗っけることで、むしろその「地域権力の見える化」、領民に対して反抗する気力を萎えさせる視覚的「支配力」誇示効果が主体だったのだろうかと想像する。
　とくに「見たこともない」長大で直線的な造形の「堅固な壁面建築」は、威圧感を感じさせたに違いない。石垣土塁の上の機能性たっぷりの長大空間から、被支配者を見下ろす光景は、支配側の自己満足をもたらせたと考えられる。さらにそういう機能性の上に、美的な驚きも与えることで、より権威・権力の正統性を訴求したと言えるのだろうか。
　一向一揆という民衆型の難敵に対しその制圧に成功してきた加賀・前田家の戦略性を感じる。

English version⬇

Wooden Structure Analysis of “Gojuken Nagaya” in the Early Edo Period Kanazawa Castle-4
A long military fortification facility on top of a stone walled earthwork. Did its ironclad defensiveness and aesthetically pleasing appearance appeal to viewers and make them accept the legitimacy of the Kaga Maeda family? ・・・・.

　The photo shows the interior and exterior of the “Gojuken Nagaya” at Kanazawa Castle. As for the use of this structure, it is obvious that the stone wall and earthen mound on which it is built was to protect the “inside” of the castle from attacks by enemy forces who had broken through the gate. A moat is also built in front of the stone wall, so the purpose is clear. From the siege side, it would be unthinkable to climb up against this stone wall and annihilate the defenders inside the castle except by attacking with a cannon. Since this was in the early Edo period, even though there was already a military evolution in the form of cannons, which had already demonstrated their decisive power in the Osaka battle, it would have been considered necessary and sufficient as a response to the offensive force of guns and other weapons. The long, wide openings secured on almost the entire surface of the building provide the functionality to strike enemy forces with bows and arrows and guns.
　On the defensive side, the vast space for weapons and ammunition is secured to defend the long “defensive line,” and at the same time, the voluntary movement of soldiers to defensive positions is ensured. It seemed possible to secure this main “line of movement” in at least two directions. Above all, I was impressed by the fact that the mobility of the defenders is functionally secured. It also seems that it would have been possible to grasp the war phase in one fell swoop.

　This is the “structural model” on display and its explanatory text. It is said that the building was faithfully reconstructed using the old manufacturing method without using nails or bolts. The current 50-ken row house was reconstructed in 2001.
　What is interesting in the explanatory text is the statement that “the method of joining the pillars is complicated because of their diamond-shaped cross-sections. In order to create such a long and large space in the early Edo period, the latest innovations in wooden construction technology of the time must have been incorporated to ensure the robustness of the building. It is thought that the method was adopted to mitigate impact against possible attack blows as a war facility and to increase the adhesive strength and endurance of the wooden framework. Was the idea to prevent the architecture from collapsing easily by making the directionality more complex than straight wood framing? Master craftsmanship of wood.
　Although these structures were built in this way, I imagine that the basic function of the wooden structures on top of the stone walls and earthen mounds was to “visualize the power of the region” and to show off their “dominance” visually in order to dissuade the people from rebelling against them.
　In particular, the “solid wall architecture” of “never seen before” with its long, linear form must have been intimidating. The sight of the rulers looking down on their subjects from the long, functional space on top of the stone walls and earthen mounds must have given them a sense of self-satisfaction. Furthermore, by providing an aesthetic surprise on top of such functionality, could it be said that they appealed more to the legitimacy of their authority and power?
　We can sense the strategic nature of the Kaga Maeda family, which had succeeded in conquering a difficult popular enemy, the Ikko-Ichigoyo Revolt.

Posted on 12月 1st, 2024 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »