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【うつろう自然観のゆりかご鹿島神宮 東国三社探訪-6】




鹿島神宮のことについてちょっと巨視的という感じで6回のブログシリーズで書いてみました。
写真は鹿島神宮の楼門、拝殿正面、本殿の主要な建築装置3例。こういった建築デザインには、わたしたち日本人の美的感受性が集中していると感じます。目に鮮やかな丹色の結界装置。ひろく人びとを受け入れる神域との出会い装置、そしてややキッチュな装飾性をまとったカラフルな本殿神域。それぞれの建築デザインが、わたしたちの感受性にこころよく響いてくる。
自分なりの感想として、日本文化としての鹿島神宮という存在は畿内地域での伊勢神宮とパラレルな位置にあるのではないかという実感。
伊勢神宮は畿内地域に対して「夏至の日が昇っていく」方角に位置していて、古来からの太陽神信仰に深く根ざしているという印象。そして内宮と外宮がワンセットのようになっている。
この鹿島神宮と香取神宮はこの伊勢の内宮・外宮の関係と似つかわしいように思う。地理的な位置としては関東圏にとって「夏至の日が昇っていく」方角という配置位置に相当するように思える。神道という列島社会古来の宗教文化の基盤にはこうした自然崇拝があるのでしょう。
で、こうした日本列島的「自然崇拝」思想には、四季変化が明瞭であり、さらに目に見える地面の状況それ自身も千変万化するという世界の中でも特異な「うつろう」自然という基盤があると思う。
大陸民族の場合は、不変なるものへの帰依が基本の心性としてあるように思う。悠久であるもの、かわらないものが基本ではないか。キリスト教的な一神教世界観とも通じる考え方。それに対して日本的な自然環境の中では、万物は生々流転するという思想が優勢になる。
そんな基盤から「もののあはれ」というような「ためいき」のような思想が基底的なものになるように思えてならない。たしかに自然の大地そのものが生々流転する様子を民族記憶として刷り込まれていけば、万古不変という考え方が後退し、そのように柔軟に受け入れる思想が大勢になると思える。加えて言えば日本列島は太古以来、地震や火山噴火、台風などの自然災害とも共生してきた。
東国三社といわれるなかでも中核と思える鹿島神宮篇を書き終えてみると、このような日本人の精神性を育んできたものとの遭遇を強く意識させられた次第です。

こちらは樹齢800年と言われる大鳥居横の「椎の木」。ブナ科の常緑高木。昔は家の周囲に「防火樹」として使用されたのだとか。木に「防火」させるというのは面白い考え方だなぁ、と。でも本当はシイタケの原木だということなので、日本人の味覚の奥深くのキノコ文化を継承してきた存在として、家の近くに栽培してきたのかも知れませんね。
関東古来からの日本人的文化性の象徴、そんな印象を強くした鹿島神宮でありました。

English version⬇

Kashima Jingu Shrine, the Cradle of Changing Views of Nature: An Exploration of the Three Shrines of Higashikuni – 6
Earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes, and even the land itself are visibly transforming the view of nature in the Japanese archipelago. Kashima is a sacred place where “gods dwell” in the midst of these changes. Kashima, a Shinto shrine where “the gods dwell” amidst such circumstances.

I have written about Kashima Jingu Shrine in a six-part blog series that is a bit macroscopic.
The photos show three examples of the main architectural devices of Kashima Jingu: the Sakura-mon Gate, the front of the worship hall, and the main shrine. I feel that the aesthetic sensitivity of the Japanese people is concentrated in these architectural designs. The Tan-colored warding device is vivid to the eye. The main hall is a colorful, kitschy, and decorative space. Each of these architectural designs resonates with our sensitivity.
My own impression is that the existence of Kashima Jingu Shrine in Japanese culture is in a parallel position to that of Ise Jingu Shrine in the Kinai region.
Ise Jingu is located in the direction of the “rising sun on the summer solstice” in the Kinai region, and I have the impression that it is deeply rooted in the ancient belief in the sun god. And the inner and outer shrines are like one set.
The Kashima Jingu and Katori Jingu seem to be similar to the relationship between the Inner and Outer Shrines of Ise. In terms of geographical location, they seem to be located in the direction of the “rising sun on the summer solstice” in the Kanto region. This kind of nature worship must be the basis of Shinto, the ancient religious culture of the archipelago.
This nature worship in the Japanese archipelago is based on the unique nature of the world, with its distinct seasonal changes and the visible ground itself undergoing a multitude of changes.
In the case of continental peoples, I think their basic mentality is to take refuge in what is unchanging. The eternal and unchanging is the basis. This is a way of thinking that is also compatible with the Christian monotheistic view of the world. In contrast, in the Japanese natural environment, the idea that all things are born and flowing is predominant.
From such a foundation, the idea of “mono no ahare,” or “tameiki,” seems to be the basis of the philosophy. Indeed, if the natural land itself is imprinted with the memory of the birth and transmigration of nature as a national memory, the idea of “eternity” will recede and the idea of flexibility and acceptance will become the prevailing thought. In addition, since time immemorial, the Japanese archipelago has coexisted with natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons.
When I finished writing the Kashima Shrine, which I consider to be the core of the three shrines in the eastern part of Japan, I was made keenly aware of the encounter with the things that have nurtured the spirituality of the Japanese people.

This is a “Shiinoki” (vertebrate tree) next to the Otorii gate, said to be 800 years old. It is a tall evergreen tree of the beech family. In the old days, it was used as a “fireproof tree” around houses. I thought it was an interesting idea to make a tree “fireproof. But the truth is that it is the original source of shiitake mushrooms, so perhaps it has been cultivated near the house as an inheritor of the mushroom culture deep in the Japanese palate.
The Kashima Jingu Shrine gave me such a strong impression, a symbol of Japanese cultural characteristics from the ancient Kanto region.

【水郷と森の涅槃・鹿島 東国三社探訪-5】




日本列島というのは縄文海進などの地形変化が常態化していた国土だということがだんだん明確になってきている。大陸や半島国家とはまったく違う「土地・風土」概念なのだということに気づかされるようになってきている。
現代わたしたちが普通に平野部と認識している地域は、一皮めくれば海浜であり、刻々と「海退」が進んでいって、その結果表れてきた国土景観ということなのでしょう。この鹿島周辺地域は縄文貝塚と同時に丸木舟の出土も多く、古くから重要な交通路地域だったと考えられている。
とくに現代日本の中心である東京・関東圏、そして大阪などの関西圏もそのようであり、そういう国土の劇的な変容が人間活動の歴史段階にも大きな影響を与えていた。秀吉が関東に移封した家康に対して、このあたりを埋め立ててこのように利用すれば、物流水運的に非常に有用な領土になると推奨したという説話があるけれど、それくらいの歴史時間でも旺盛に国土変容が繰り返されていた。
この鹿島神宮の立地は、人為的な土木ではなく自然が目に見えるように変容し、その様子を見て人間が土木営為で加速させたという日本人の国土利用の経緯を教えてくれている。
鹿島神宮周辺には上の写真のような水郷風景が近隣にいまでも存在し続けている。そういった地の環境に対して列島としての高温多湿の気候条件が豊かな森林地帯を作って行った。

この「鹿島の森」樹叢〜じゅそう〜は茨城県の天然記念物指定を受けているほどに南限・北限の植物類が同生する植物学上、貴重な森だとされている。神域およそ70haに繁茂している植物種は高木から下草に至るまで多種多様1000種にわたるということ。スギ・ヒノキ・スダジイ・タブ・サカキ・モミなど常葉樹、落葉樹の宝庫の自然。そういった自然保護も、日本史のはじめ時期からここが「神々のいます」神域として大切に保全されてきたことが大きく寄与してきた。
また野鳥の数も多く、鹿嶋鳥獣保護区、鹿嶋特別保護地域にも指定されている。縄文以来の海浜・貝塚集落適地として「御手洗池」という湧水適地でもある。
縄文の時期からこの地はいかにも「涅槃にいちばん近い」神宿る地という認識が列島人に広がっていたことは容易に想像できる。逆に言えば、そういう地であるからこそ、祖先のひとびと、神々はこの地を聖なるエリアとして列島社会のすべての人に記憶させ続けてきたのだろう。
翻って、北海道神宮と周辺散策を毎朝の日課としている北海道人としては、いやいや、札幌円山のふもとの豊かな森林環境も、負けずに未来に向かってより豊かに残していきたいと、勝手にムラムラとやる気をみなぎらせておりました(笑)。先人に教えられて、現代北海道もがんばりたい。

English version⬇

Kashima, the Nirvana of Water Villages and Forests: Exploring the Three Shrines of Eastern Japan-5
The natural environment has continued to visibly transform the archipelago’s society throughout the historical ages. Perhaps there is something deeply imprinted in the spiritual climate of the Japanese people. …

It is becoming clearer and clearer that the Japanese archipelago is a land where topographical changes such as the Jomon sea advance were the norm. We are beginning to realize that the concept of “land and climate” is completely different from that of continental or peninsular nations.
The area that we now recognize as a plain is, on the other hand, a seaside beach, and the “retreat of the sea” has been progressively progressing, resulting in the appearance of a national land landscape. In this area around Kashima, there have been many Jomon shell middens as well as many excavations of marukibune (wooden boats), and it is thought that this area was an important transportation route area from ancient times.
In particular, the Tokyo-Kanto area, which is the center of modern Japan, and the Kansai area, including Osaka, were like that, and such dramatic transformation of the national land had a great impact on the historical stage of human activities. There is a story that Hideyoshi recommended to Ieyasu, who had moved to the Kanto region, that if he reclaimed this area and used it in this way, it would be a very useful territory in terms of distribution and water transportation.
The location of the Kashima Jingu Shrine shows us how the Japanese used the land, not through artificial civil engineering, but through the visible transformation of nature, which was then accelerated by human civil engineering activities.
In the vicinity of Kashima Jingu Shrine, suigo landscapes such as the one in the photo above continue to exist even today. The hot and humid climatic conditions of the archipelago against such a local environment created rich forested areas.

This “Kashima Forest” is designated as a natural monument by Ibaraki Prefecture, and is considered to be a valuable botanical forest where plants from both the southern and northern limits of the island grow together. The 70 hectares of the sacred area is home to 1,000 species of plants ranging from tall trees to undergrowth. The nature is a treasure trove of evergreen and deciduous trees such as cedar, cypress, sudajii, tabacum, sakaki, and fir. The fact that this area has been carefully preserved as a sacred place for the gods since the beginning of Japanese history has contributed greatly to the preservation of this nature.
The area is also home to a large number of wild birds, and has been designated as the Kashima Bird and Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kashima Special Protection Area. It is also a suitable site for fresh water called “Mitarashi Pond,” which has been a suitable site for seaside and shell mound settlements since the Jomon period.
It is easy to imagine that the people of the archipelago have been aware of this place as a place where the gods dwell, the closest place to nirvana, since the Jomon period. Conversely, it is precisely because it is such a place that the ancestors and the gods have continued to remember it as a sacred area for all people in the archipelago.
As a Hokkaido native who makes it a daily routine to take a walk around the Hokkaido Shrine and its surroundings every morning, I was feeling horny and motivated to preserve the rich forest environment at the foot of Maruyama in Sapporo for the future, as well (laugh). I would like to learn from my predecessors and do my best in modern Hokkaido as well.

【関ヶ原戦勝で奉納、鹿島神宮・奥宮 東国三社探訪-4】



この鹿島神宮の奥宮社殿は、慶長10年(1605)に徳川家康が関ヶ原戦勝の御礼に現在の本殿の位置に本宮として奉納したものを、その14年後に新たな社殿を建てるにあたりこの位置に遷してきたものとされる。
この社伝を信じれば、建築としての経歴は400年を超える。こちらの奥宮を前回見たのは2014年のはずで、そのときは屋根が苔むしていた。下の写真はその当時のもの。森の中にその精気を受けたようなすばらしい「呼吸感」が伝わってきた記憶がある。それが今回は令和の大改修工事の結果、檜皮葺屋根修繕が施されて、建築創建時の雰囲気が再生されている。
どちらの雰囲気も甲乙付けがたいけれど、建築の長期保存ということを考えればこのように補修を心がけて行くということは当然のことと受け止められますね。一方わたしの個人的な好みとしてはコケ大好き人間で自宅でも石膏ボードの素地仕上げ外壁部分にコケが生えてきているのがウレシイ変人っぷりなので(笑)、苔むした屋根というのは深くこころに沈殿させられるものがある。
鳥居があって、拝殿・本殿が一体化した簡素な建築。正面の鳥居左右に屋根の着いた塀が回されているけれど、その寸法感覚、バランス感覚に工匠たちの美的感受性が表現されていると感じる。



家康の時代の工匠たちの感覚が残されているということになりますが、その後の東照宮のようなゴテゴテの装飾性はほとんど見られず、いかにも戦国武将として信長・秀吉とはちがう家康らしい実利性が感じられる。家康は本拠の江戸城も当初はあまり装飾性を意識せずに簡素に作ったと言われるけれど、この奥宮でもそんなかれの個性が伝わってくるような気がする。
今回再訪したのだけれど「もう一回見てみたいな」と事前からこころに浮かんでいたのは、この奥宮だった。そこまで深く考えたことはなかったけれど、たぶんこころは正直に記憶再生させていたのだろう。
結局、建築とか住宅とかの価値感でいちばん重要なのは、愛着感というモノなのではないだろうか。
建築にはさまざまな目的があり施主としてはそういう思いを実現したいと思う。それが叶えられた後、その建築は使い続けることに大きな意味が移っていく。まずは機能性であり毎日使って動線計画とかの「使い勝手」の日常生活があり、そこで寝て暮らしさらに人間としてさまざまな人生模様が沈殿していく。そしてジワジワと沸き起こって来るものが人生と建築の相関的な愛着感。
そういう時間を積層後、なおこころに響き合ってくるものが愛着というものの実質なのではないだろうか? 苔好き人間のつぶやき(笑)。・・・

English version⬇

Kashima Jingu Shrine, Okugu Shrine, dedicated in honor of the victory in the Battle of Sekigahara.
When I revisited Kashima Jingu Shrine, I thought, “I want to see this shrine again. It was a pleasure to see the architecture again. The design sense of simplicity and elegance. I was very happy to see it again.

It is said that the inner shrine pavilion of the Kashima Jingu Shrine was dedicated by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1605 as the main shrine to express his gratitude for the victory at Sekigahara, and was moved to this location 14 years later when a new shrine pavilion was built.
If this shrine legend is to be believed, its architectural history is over 400 years old. The last time I saw this Okumiya was supposed to be in 2014, when the roof was mossy. The photo below is from that time. I remember that I could feel a wonderful “breathing” sensation as if the forest was filled with the spirit of the shrine. This time, as a result of a major renovation in 2022, the cypress bark roof has been repaired, and the atmosphere of the original building has been restored.
It is hard to say which is better, but considering the long-term preservation of the building, it is only natural that repairs should be made in this manner. On the other hand, I personally love moss, and I am happy to see it growing on the plasterboard exterior walls of my own house (laugh), so a mossy roof is something that deeply touches me.
The shrine is a simple structure with a torii gate, a hall of worship, and a main shrine all in one. The roofed walls on either side of the torii in front of the shrine express the aesthetic sensibility of the craftsmen in their sense of dimension and balance.

The design of this shrine preserves the sensibilities of the craftsmen of Ieyasu’s time, but it shows little of the ornateness of the later Toshogu shrines, and instead shows the pragmatism of a warlord like Ieyasu, who differed from Nobunaga and Hideyoshi in his warlord status. It is said that Ieyasu built the Edo Castle, his home base, in a simple manner without much attention to ornamentation in the beginning.
I had already had the idea in my mind before my return visit that I would like to see this shrine one more time. I had never thought about it that deeply, but perhaps my mind was honestly replaying the memory.
In the end, I think the most important thing in the sense of value of architecture and housing is a sense of attachment.
Architecture has a variety of purposes, and the owner wants to realize those purposes. After that is accomplished, the architecture becomes more important in terms of its continued use. First of all, there is the functionality, the daily life of “usability,” such as the flow line plan, which is used every day, and the various patterns of human life that are deposited there as people sleep and live. Then, slowly and gradually, a sense of attachment is generated that correlates life and architecture.
After accumulating such time, what still resonates in our hearts and minds is the substance of attachment. The musings of a moss-loving person (laughs). Laughs

【地震頻発の関東鎮守・鹿島神宮祭神 東国三社探訪-3】


まことに力強いお姿の鹿島神宮祭神・武甕槌大神であります。鹿島神宮奥の院のさらに森の中にある。暴れ狂う地震発生源・大ナマズに足を載せ、押さえつけている神々しく凜とした表情。わかりやすい(笑)。
きのう触れたようにこの関東の武神は出雲に対し「国譲り」を武力を持って迫ったと言われる。ヤマト王権成立のときにそういう活躍をしたことから、王権にとってまだ十分な支配体制が整っていなかった関東を鎮守していく役割を担っていたのかと思える。建国時期の神話世界のことなので、このふたつの事柄の前後関係は不明だけれど、関連はあるだろう。このことがなんらかの事実に導かれた説話なのか検証しようはないけれど、さりとて根も葉もないこととも言い切れない。
そういったあわい神話の世界でいかにも人にわかりやすく神威を示すのがこの地震を抑え込むポーズ。
関東は記録に残る江戸期にも大正期にも、大震災に見舞われ続けている地域。地震・雷・火事・オヤジという「荒ぶる大地」の鎮守として男性的なイメージがふさわしいと歴世、語り継がれてきたのだろう。


地震多発地域というのはたぶん縄文期以来、この地域に暮らしてきた人びとの実感であったことだろう。そうした人知を越えた自然現象に対して、素朴な「祈る」こころ、信仰心は存在し続けていただろう。
この鹿島神宮にも相関する香取神宮にも「要石」が重要な存在として祀られている。さらに東国三社のもうひとつとされる息栖神社にも「力石」が納められている。地震が頻発し、利根川などの暴れ川が氾濫を繰り返す不安定な地域では、こうしたパワーへの帰依、信仰心が人心にふさわしかったのではないか。相対的には自然のパワーにやわらかさの感じられる畿内地域とは宗教心において下地に違いがあるように思う。
こういったパワー信仰がベースにあってその後の開発領主層の「武士化」、力こそがすべてという軍事政権を生み出していくことになったというのが歴史の本質。
ヤマト王権にとって伊勢神宮は、現世権力の正統性を担保する宗教的存在として機能してきたのだろうけれど、関東では鹿島と香取というように信仰心は分散されてきた。このことはその後の日本史の展開にとってカギを握ってきたことなのかも知れない。畿内では伊勢神宮という宗教が担保することによって万世一系という権力が安定がしたけれど、関東・東国で成立した武権においては、鎌倉幕府では源氏の血筋というそれ自体は王権側の制度機能によってコントロールされ、江戸幕府に於いてはその創設者自身が神君として東照大権現という別の権威体系を独自に作った。
鹿島や香取は、その随伴的な位置に留められたという歴史の流れがあるのだろう。案外、鹿島に一元化されていたら、微妙にその後の日本史に影響しを与えたのではないだろうかと妄想。

English version⬇

Kashima Jingu Shrine, the Kanto region’s earthquake-prone Shinto shrine
Since the Jomon period, when settlement began, Kanto has been a watery region similar to the Seto Inland Sea and an earthquake-prone area. Did the people nurture a disposition that favored masculine authority? …

This is Takemikazuchi, the deity of Kashima Jingu Shrine, with a truly powerful appearance. It is located further into the forest in the inner sanctuary of Kashima Jingu Shrine. The godly and interesting expression on his face as he places his foot on the rampaging earthquake generator, the giant catfish, and holds it down. It is easy to understand (laugh).
As I mentioned yesterday, it is said that this Kanto no Mikoto (warrior god) was the one who used force to force Izumo to hand over the land to the Yamato kingdom. Since he played such an active role at the time of the establishment of the Yamato kingdom, it seems likely that he played a role in protecting the Kanto region, which was not yet fully under the control of the Yamato kingdom. Since this is the mythical world of the time of the founding of the Yamato Kingdom, the relationship between these two events is not clear, but there must be a connection. Although there is no way to verify whether this is based on fact or not, it cannot be said that it is a myth.
In such a world of myths, it is the pose of suppressing earthquakes that is so easily understood by people.
The Kanto region has been hit by earthquakes since the Edo period (1603-1868) and Taisho period (1912-1926). The masculine image of the god has been passed down from generation to generation as an appropriate deity to protect the “rough and tumble land” of earthquakes, lightning, fire, and father figures.

People who have lived in this region since the Jomon period probably felt that it was an earthquake-prone area. In response to such natural phenomena that transcend human knowledge, the simple spirit of “prayer” and religious beliefs must have continued to exist.
The Katori Jingu Shrine, which is related to the Kashima Jingu Shrine, also enshrines a “keystone” as a significant presence. Furthermore, the “Yokuishi” is also enshrined at the Ikisu Shrine, another of the three shrines in the eastern part of Japan. In an unstable region where earthquakes are frequent and rivers such as the Tone River repeatedly overflow, devotion and faith in such power may have been appropriate to the human mind. Relatively speaking, there seems to be a difference in the grounding of religious beliefs between the Kinai region, where the power of nature seems to have a softer touch, and the Kinai region, where the power of nature seems to have a softer touch.
The essence of history is that this belief in the power of nature was the basis for the subsequent “samurai-ization” of the development lords and the creation of a military regime in which power was everything.
For the Yamato kingdom, the Ise Jingu shrine may have functioned as a religious presence to ensure the legitimacy of its temporal power, but in the Kanto region, religious beliefs were dispersed, as in the case of Kashima and Katori. This may have been a key factor in the subsequent development of Japanese history. In the Kinai region, the religious institution of Ise Jingu Shrine ensured the stability of power in the form of a lineage of ten thousand generations, while in the Kanto and Tōgoku regions, the Kamakura shogunate was mentally controlled by the institutional function of the royal authority, which itself was the lineage of the Minamoto clan, and in the Edo shogunate, the founder of the Edo shogunate himself was the sovereign deity of the Tōshō-dai Gongen. In the Edo shogunate, the founder of the shogunate himself created a separate system of authority called Tōshō-tai Gongen as a deity.
Kashima and Katori were kept in the same position as their followers. If they had been centralized in Kashima, it may have had a subtle influence on the subsequent history of Japan.

【鹿島・武甕槌大神と出雲、ヤマト王権 東国三社探訪-2】


日本書紀の記述では、葦原の中つ国の支配権をヤマト王権が確立する過程は紆余曲折を辿り、出雲王権の大国主は最終的に鹿島の祭神・武甕槌大神(たけいかずちおおかみ)の遠征軍によって「国譲り」したことになっている。上の絵は越の国・新潟の弥彦神社に奉納されたものとされる。弥彦神社は同じ日本海文化圏であり、参拝の仕方も出雲と同じく2礼4拍手2礼という形式なので出雲と深く関係するいわば「同族意識」を高く持っていたと思える。出雲としては「不本意だけれど」国譲りということ自体は「正統な」手順を踏んでいたのだとして、その情報が越の国とその民にも伝えられて、この絵のように「了承を求める」と象徴化されたか。

一方のこちらは香取神宮の境内に掲げられていた「国譲り」縁起を表現した絵。香取の神も鹿島神と同行して出雲の殻の「国譲り」に加勢していたとされている。絵の画面上に樹影が写っているのは、日射の影響なのでご容赦ください。香取神宮の祭神・経津主大神(ふつぬしのおおかみ)とともに勝者として出雲の大国主から武の象徴としての剣を捧げられるポーズを取っている。独特の武装放棄表現と見ることができる。
というような神話の世界から日本という国はスタートしている。先日古代ローマのことも触れたけれど、国家というものの正統性という意味では背骨に当たる部分でしょう。国家の正統性にはいろいろな側面・意味合いがあるでしょうが、少なくともこういう説話が説得力を持っていること自体が強い正統性根拠だと思う。
このヤマト王権の正統性の起点で、東国の神は国家統合の武の象徴として登場している。

また鹿島神宮の桜門の左右には、写真のような武甕槌大神の紋章のような雷をシンボライズした神具がいわば「鎮守」具として飾られている。やはり「武神」的な色合いを強く感じさせてくれる。
明治以前に「神宮」の称号を与えられていたのは伊勢、香取、鹿島のみというわが国屈指の名社。このような国譲り神話での関係性からすると、関東地域というのはきわめて特殊な位置を占めていることになる。
さてこういう非常に重要な役割を果たした軍神、武の象徴を思わせる存在であるのに、その後の日本史上ではしばらくの間、関東は主舞台ではなく、むしろヤマト王権は繰り返しヤマトタケルという鎮撫軍を東国に派遣している。
地形的には香取の海や霞ヶ浦、鹿島灘などの水郷地帯に位置しているので、田畑という農業経済発展は難しい地域の武神であるので、日本史上ではながく関東開発は遅滞し、その神々の一統は象徴的権威ということに留まっていたものだろうか。王権から国譲りの武功に即して関東の支配権は移譲されたけれど、統治には至って不似合いな存在であったのか。地形的にバラバラの国土で集権的権力構造を作りにくかったのか?結局は独立農業主たちの乱立による無政府的な争乱が常態化していたのだろう。
その後の日本史で、関東には武士による支配構造が確立して、王朝国家とは別の農場開発主たちによる独立した武権を基盤とする国家が成立していく。歴史で解明されているこれ以降の関東の姿と、この鹿島神宮の武神には、どんな関係性があるのかないのか、戸惑い続けております。

English version⬇

Takemikazuchi no Mikami of Kashima, Izumo, and the Yamato Royalty: Exploring the Three Shrines of Eastern Japan-2
The deity Takemikazuchi of Kashima was the greatest contributor to the ceding of the kingdom, yet after that, the Kanto region remained immature in terms of power until the rise of the samurai. Did he fail to manage the economy? …

According to the account in Nihonshoki, the process of establishing the Yamato kingdom as the dominant power in the Land of Reed Plains took many twists and turns, and finally Okuninushi of the Izumo kingdom “handed over the land” to an expeditionary force led by Takeikazuchi Okami, the deity of the Kashima shrine. The painting above is said to have been dedicated to Yahiko Shrine in Niigata, Koshino-kuni. Yahiko Shrine is in the same cultural sphere of the Sea of Japan, and the way of worship is the same as that of Izumo, two bowing, four clapping, two bowing, so it seems that the shrine was deeply related to Izumo and had a high “sense of kinship,” so to speak. It is possible that Izumo followed the “legitimate” procedure of handing over the land, though “unwillingly,” and that this information was conveyed to the Koshino-no-kuni and its people, and symbolized as “seeking approval” as in this picture.

This picture, on the other hand, depicts the “handing over of the country” omens, which was displayed in the precincts of Katori Jingu Shrine. It is said that the Katori no Kami accompanied the Kashima no Kami and joined the “handing over of the country” of the shell of Izumo. Please forgive the tree shadows on the picture screen, as they are the result of sunlight. He is posed with Kyotsunushi no Okami, the deity of the Katori Jingu Shrine, as the victor, to whom Izumo no Okuninushi offers a sword as a symbol of his military prowess. This can be seen as a unique expression of armed renunciation.
Japan is a country that started out in the world of mythology. As I mentioned the other day about ancient Rome, this is the backbone of a nation in terms of its legitimacy. The legitimacy of a nation may have various aspects and meanings, but at the very least, the fact that such a theory is persuasive is a strong basis for legitimacy.
At the starting point of the legitimacy of the Yamato kingdom, this deity of the eastern provinces appears as a symbol of the military force of national unity.

On either side of the Sakura Gate of the Kashima Jingu Shrine, there is a symbolic thunderbolt-like device, like the emblem of the great god Takemikazuchi, displayed as a “shizumu” (guardian deity), as shown in the photo. The shrine is also strongly tinged with a “warrior god” atmosphere.
Before the Meiji era, only Ise, Katori, and Kashima were given the title of “Jingu,” making it one of the most famous shrines in Japan. The Kanto region occupies a very special position in terms of its relationship to the myth of the handing over of the kingdom.
Despite the military role of the god of war and the symbolic presence of the warrior, the Kanto region was not the main stage of Japanese history for some time afterward.
Since the geographical location of the region is in a watery area such as the Katori Sea, Kasumigaura, and the Sea of Kashima, it is difficult to develop an agricultural economy of rice paddies. Was the deity’s lineage merely a symbolic authority? Was it difficult to create a concentrated power structure in a topographically disjointed country? In the end, was anarchic strife caused by the disorderly rise of independent agricultural owners the norm?
Later in Japanese history, a ruling structure by samurai was established in the Kanto region, and a state based on independent military power by farm developers, separate from the dynastic state, was established. I continue to be puzzled as to what relationship there may or may not be between this Kashima Shrine’s warrior deities and the Kanto region after this, which history has elucidated.

【関東の地形変化と鹿島神宮の位置 東国三社探訪-1】



さて、昨日友人からの連絡で、無事に鹿島神宮にて紛失のSUICAカードの手続き関係が完了し、北海道札幌のわたしのもとまで郵送される手配が終わったと知らせを受けました。段々加齢と共に、こういう機縁でいただく人からの情に深く癒されるモノを感じてしまいます。ほんの小さな体験、それも自身の不注意による紛失が多くの人の善意によって解決されたことに、金銭のことではなく、感謝の念が強くなっています。
たまたまReplanとして「関東版」の出版を8月に予定していて、地の神へ身をただしてごあいさつするみたいな、そういった心理も持っていた次第であります。
そしてブログを書き進めていて、利根川東遷という江戸期の土木大事業が与えたインパクトも掘り起こさせていただき、その利根川が鹿島神宮の位置する茨城県と千葉県の境界地域の太平洋岸に流れていくということからも、自然な導きの「ながれ」を感じてもおりました。
北海道の歴史好き人間として、関西・畿内の奈良県古代の王権成立地域と並んで、徐々にこの関東平野地域の歴史の底流を探索する志向性も高くなってくる。
そういうことでかねてから強い興味を持っていた鹿島神宮のことを謹んで探索したいと思います。
住宅雑誌人としては、まずは巨視的な「地形」「位置関係」に興味が向かいます。
いちばん上の地形図は、江戸東京博物館から2021年に発出された「縄文時代の関東地形図」です。江戸東京博物館によるとこの図は2021年12月5日まで開催中の特別展「縄文2021―東京に生きた縄文人―」の展示パネル等に使用するため作成したものだという。薄く点線で現在の地形が示されている。下には現代地図を比較させた。
よく香取の海、という表現がされるようにこの地域は縄文海進によって多くの「貝塚」が形成される地域だったのだという。このような地形記憶が連綿と関東人の知識として伝承されて、それまで江戸湾・東京湾に注いでいた利根川の「東遷」計画という事業の構想が浮かんできたのでしょうか。

現代でも鹿島の位置を明瞭に示す御船祭祭礼。「鹿島神宮の例祭は毎年9月1日に行われますが、うち6年に一度は天皇陛下の御使である勅使が派遣される勅祭となり、さらにそのうち2回に1回、すなわち12年に一度の午年には、水上の一大祭典である御船祭も斎行されます」という民族記憶継承のような行事も行われてきている。
この鹿島という地域の立地性について古代人の素朴な自然崇拝を下敷きにして考えてみれば、列島全体から見ての「東の涯」という太陽神信仰に素朴に合致しているように思える。太陽はこの地域から昇ってくる。古地形をアタマに入れてみるとその島状地形を「仰ぎ見る」位置から太陽が上がっていくことになる。
列島に住み暮らした縄文、あるいはそれ以前からの人びとにとって、こういう自然地形位置というのに対して「神宿る」と捉えることはごく当然だったに違いない。大和平野地域に対する伊勢の位置とも通じるような印象も強く持たされる。

English version⬇

Topographical Changes in the Kanto Region and the Location of Kashima Shrine: Exploring the Three Shrines of Eastern Japan-1
Kashima Shrine is located in a place where “gods dwell” that has settled in the hearts of Kanto people since the Stone Age and Jomon period. Does the simple belief in the sun god inspire the people of the archipelago? ……

Yesterday, I received a call from a friend informing me that the procedures for my lost SUICA card had been completed at Kashima Jingu Shrine and that arrangements had been made for the card to be mailed to me in Sapporo, Hokkaido. As I get older, I feel more and more deeply comforted by the kindness I receive from people through such opportunities. I am feeling more and more grateful, not for the money, but for the fact that a small experience, a loss caused by my own carelessness, was resolved by the goodwill of so many people.
It just so happens that the publication of the Kanto edition of Replan is scheduled for August, and I had a feeling like bowing to the gods of the land and greeting them.
In the course of writing this blog, I was also able to discover the impact of the Tone River’s eastward shift, a major civil engineering project in the Edo period, and felt a natural “flow” of guidance from the fact that the Tone River flows to the Pacific coast of the border area between Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures where Kashima Jingu Shrine is located.
As a history buff from Hokkaido, I have gradually become more inclined to explore the history of the Kanto Plain region, along with the ancient royalty-establishing areas of Nara Prefecture in Kansai and Kinai.
With this in mind, I would like to respectfully explore Kashima Jingu Shrine, which I have had a strong interest in for some time.
As a residential journalist, my interest first turns to the macroscopic “topography” and “location.
The topographic map at the top is the “Topographic Map of Kanto in the Jomon Period” published by the Edo-Tokyo Museum in 2021. According to the Edo-Tokyo Museum, this map was created for use in the exhibition panels of the special exhibition “Jomon 2021: Jomon People Living in Tokyo,” which will be held until December 5, 2021.
As often expressed by the expression “Katori no Umi” (Katori sea), this area was the site of many “shell mounds” formed by the Jomon sea advance. This topographical memory has been handed down as knowledge to the Kanto people, which may have inspired the idea of a project to “eastward shift” the Tone River, which had previously flowed into Edo Bay and Tokyo Bay.

The Mifune Matsuri festival clearly shows the location of Kashima even today. The annual festival of Kashima Jingu Shrine is held on September 1 every year, and once every six years an imperial envoy is dispatched to the shrine to perform the festival.
If we consider the location of this region of Kashima, based on the simple nature worship of the ancients, it seems to be in simple accord with the belief in the Sun God as the “eastern horizon” of the entire archipelago. The sun rises from this region. If we take the ancient topography into consideration, the sun rises from a position that “looks up” at the island-shaped topography.
For the Jomon and earlier people who lived on the archipelago, it must have been natural for them to consider the position of such natural landforms as a “dwelling place of the gods. The location of Ise in relation to the Yamato Plain area also gives a strong impression.

【ありがたい神恩か? 鹿島神宮SUICA紛失事件-2】


写真は鹿島神宮の「シカ園」のシカ君であります。紀元前の時代に起源を持つとされる伝承説話の類がロマンチックに残っているのが日本列島社会。もちろん真偽は定かではないけれどこの鹿島神宮でも、シカとの逸話が語られている。面白いのは、奈良のシカ君たちは奈良の都の創始のころにこの鹿嶋からはるばると旅をしながら奈良に移住してきたとされること。旅路のあちこちに逸話が残っているので、あながち荒唐無稽な作り話とは思われない。
一方古代ローマでは建国神話で建国者・ロムルスとレムス(ローマの建国神話に登場する双子の兄弟)が捨てられていたのをオオカミが救って育てたという伝説がある。 ローマ市は紀元前753年4月21日にこの双子の兄弟によって建設されたと伝えられている。こういう古代説話にはなにかの縁起がそこに隠されていると思われるので、わたしはわりと好きであります。

おっと、現代社会のSUICAカード紛失事件であります(笑)。鹿嶋の地元警察の方から落とし物のお知らせがあったので、ありがたく配送をお願いしたところ、手続きの書類が送られてきてそれを返送したら現物のSUICAカードがわたしの元に「配送料着払い」形式で送付されてきた。
こういう感謝すべき事態でありその多くの善意には正面から向き合いたいということで、千葉県在住の高校時代からの友人にお願いしたら、こころよく承諾してくれた。ということで必要経費を振り込んだ上で、このSUICAカードと関連する書類などの一式を、一昨日8/2に速達で送付。再発行されてゲット予定のSUICAカードの返送用封筒類も同封した。
折り返し昨日8/3夜には速達便の到着の知らせを友人から受け取りました。本日8/4には「みどりの窓口」に向かってくれるという展開。
この間の手間ひま、かかる経費なども考えたらどうも損得的には不明ではありそもそも端緒はわたしの不注意がすべての原因ではありますが(笑)、しかし数多くの善意が集積していることがあきらかなので、そういう損得勘定を超え、正しく対処すべき価値があると思う次第。
鹿嶋警察から寄せられた封筒現物などはすでにわが家の神棚に鎮座されている(笑)。

で、一方のJRのSUICAカード対応の不思議さについては、まだまだよくわからない状態。どうも最初期電子デバイスということで、読み取りの改札機なども含めたシステム設計からSUICAカード再発行の条件として「使用可能なカードが同時に2枚存在しないこと」があるとのこと。(家族がいろいろ調べてくれた成果)
だからどうしても翌日以降になってしまうということが有力だとか。SUICAのシステム的な都合で、カード無効の情報更新が翌日未明にされる。つまりその場で無効手続きしても、そのカードは翌日までは利用不可にならないのだとか。・・・説明するのも面倒なことなので意味不明対応だったのか?
しかしそれはそれとして、そういう電子システムも人間社会の一断面であり、より良くしていけるのは結局は人間同士のコミュニケーションだろうと思います。
鹿島神宮の神恩で、そういうことに気付けただけでも素晴らしいのではないかと思っています。

English version⬇

A Thankful Divine Benefit? The Case of the Lost SUICA at Kashima Jingu Shrine-2
Nippon is a country where electronic devices and human social culture from the age of the gods are fused together. What can make it better is communication between human beings. …….

The photo shows a deer in the “deer garden” of the Kashima Jingu Shrine. The Japanese archipelago is a society in which there remain romantic folklore and legends that are said to have originated in the pre-Christian era. An anecdote about a deer is also told at the Kashima Jingu Shrine, though of course the authenticity of the story is not certain. It is interesting to note that the deer of Nara are said to have migrated to Nara from Kashima, traveling a long way from here at the time of the founding of the Nara capital. Since anecdotes remain here and there along the journey, it does not seem to be a wild fiction.
On the other hand, in ancient Rome, there is a legend that the founders, Romulus and Remus (twin brothers in the founding myth of Rome), were abandoned and a wolf saved them and raised them. The city of Rome was founded by the twins on April 21, 753 BC. I rather like these ancient tales because I believe that there is some kind of good luck hidden in them.

Oops, it’s the case of a lost SUICA card in today’s society (laughs). The local police in Kashima informed me that I had lost something, and I gratefully asked them to deliver it to me.
I was so grateful that I asked a friend of mine from high school who lives in Chiba prefecture to help me out, and he kindly agreed to do so. So, after transferring the necessary expenses, I sent the SUICA card and a set of related documents by express mail on August 2, the day before yesterday. I also enclosed envelopes for returning the SUICA card that was to be reissued and obtained.
In return, yesterday evening, 8/3, I received a notification from my friend that the express mail had arrived. Today, 8/4, he will be heading for the “Midori-no madoguchi” (window of Midori-no madoguchi).
Considering the time, effort, and expense involved, I am not sure if it is profitable or not, and it all started with my carelessness (laugh), but it is clear that a lot of good intentions have been accumulated, so I think it is worthwhile to go beyond such profit-and-loss considerations and deal with the situation properly.
The actual envelope from the Kashima Police Department is already sitting on the altar in my home (laugh).

So, on the other hand, we are still not quite sure about the mysteriousness of JR’s SUICA card support. Apparently, as it was the first electronic device, there is a condition that “no two usable cards must exist at the same time” in order to reissue SUICA cards from the system design, including the ticket checker that reads the card. (My family did a lot of research on this.)
Due to SUICA’s systemic reasons, the card invalidation information is updated before dawn of the next day. In other words, even if the card is deactivated on the spot, the card will not be disabled until the next day. … Was it a meaningless response because it was too much trouble to explain?
But be that as it may, such electronic systems are also a part of human society, and what can make it better would be communication among human beings after all.
I think it is wonderful that we were able to realize such a thing at the Kashima Jingu Shrine’s Jingon.

【鹿島神宮の霊験、落とし物SUICAリターン篇-1】


先週には日曜日をまたいで、東京・関東に滞在していました。また再び東京ビッグサイトでのイベントにも参加してきたのですが、時間を見つけて休日にはこのブログの取材も兼ねて「鹿島神宮」と香取神宮、息栖神社の東国三社をライフワークとして取材行脚(?)していました。
東京都内から炎暑のなか、レンタカーを借りて一路、この地域まで。

都内滞在中はほぼ電車移動なので、SUICAは移動の基本手形。移動目的地までの交通手段は「乗換案内」などのアプリを利用すれば瞬時に最短ルートを示してくれる。SUICAさえあれば、こういう移動のメンドくささはほぼなくなる。炎暑の中だけれど便利に移動できるのはありがたい。
しかしやはり暑いので薄着なので、手荷物類の衣類収納、ポケット収納は限定的になる。
わたしの場合、ウェストポーチにもなるショルダーポーチメインでほぼ収納し、小銭入れやSUICA、ハンカチなどをズボンポケットに収納していた。とくに神社仏閣などでは小銭入れからお賽銭を出したりするので小銭入れとSUICAは仲良く同居する。
鹿島神宮地域まではクルマだったのでこのような収納スタイルは本来不要だったけれど、都内移動での常態からあんまり変えると不意に「あれどこだっけ?」と失念することがあり得るので、スタイルは変えなかった。
で、鹿島神宮でありがたく参拝させていただいて、祭神・武甕槌大神(たけみかづちおおかみ)との再会を言祝がせていただいた。その後、前述の東国三社を巡り歩き、ホテルに戻った。
ふと気付いてSUICAを探したけれど見当たらない。どうも小銭入れから賽銭を出したとき、SUICAは随伴して転げ落ちてしまったようだ。ちょうどチャージもしていたので残額は10,000円前後。もったいないし、ひょっとしてそれ以上にカードが悪用されることもあり得る。最近物騒。で、ググってみたらJRのHPで「新幹線の駅のみどりの窓口」で紛失届すると再発行手続きできるとあった。
で、届け出たら再発行SUICAは翌日以降の手渡しでその期間も2週間以内限定になるという。これはどういう根拠からの決まりなのかは、問い合わせても不明だった。しかも札幌はJR北海道管内でありJR東日本とは別会社なので札幌に帰ったら事実上もうムリとのこと。残念ながら帰還はこの日の夕方だったのです。
個人名入りのSUICAなので個人情報は容易に特定可能ですべてWEB上での処置が可能なはずで、この決まりの根拠はユーザーには理解不能。手続きしてくれた窓口の女性の方も「わたしも、ヘンだと・・・」思うということ。
まぁしかしやむを得ないので、手続きだけはして無用の悪用可能性を除去することにした。

で、当日の要件を片付けて札幌帰還後の翌日昼過ぎになって、ケータイに着信。
連絡者は鹿島神宮管轄の警察署からで、件のSUICAが落とし物届け出されたという連絡。おお、であります。そのプロセスを考えて見れば、多数の関東のみなさんの善意の積み重ねが見えてくる。落とし物を発見して,警察に届け出てくれたこと。そして警察の方は個人情報にアクセスしてわたしの電話番号を探して丁寧に電話連絡してくれたこと。まことに鹿島神宮の霊験としか考えようがない。
・・・ちょっとブログとしては長文になりすぎるので以下は、あしたへ。

English version⬇

The Sacred Spirit of Kashima Jingu Shrine, Lost and Found SUICA Return-1
The blessings of Takemikazuchi Okami, the deity of the shrine, who loves justice. He descended to us, the poor travelers. …….

Last week I was in Tokyo and Kanto over Sunday. I also attended an event at Tokyo Big Sight again, and on my days off, I found time to visit the “Kashima Jingu Shrine,” Katori Jingu Shrine, and the three shrines in the eastern part of Japan to do research for this blog as part of my life’s work (?). I was in the middle of a hot summer day in Tokyo.
I rented a car and drove all the way from Tokyo to this area in the blazing heat.

Since most of my time in Tokyo is spent traveling by train, SUICA is my basic bill for transportation. If I have SUICA, the hassle of such travel is almost eliminated. It is nice to be able to move around conveniently in the blazing heat.
However, since it is still hot and I am wearing light clothing, the storage space for my hand luggage in my clothes and pockets is limited.
In my case, I used a shoulder pouch that doubles as a waist pouch for most of my luggage, while I stored my coin purse, SUICA, handkerchief, etc. in my pants pocket. Especially at shrines and temples, I would take out money offerings from the coin purse, so the coin purse and SUICA lived together in harmony.
Since I drove to the Kashima Jingu area, this style of storage was unnecessary, but I did not change it because I might lose it unexpectedly if I changed it too much from the usual way of traveling in Tokyo.
I was grateful for the opportunity to visit the Kashima Jingu Shrine, where I was reunited with Takemikazuchi Okami, the deity of the shrine. After that, I walked around the three shrines in the eastern part of Japan mentioned above and returned to the hotel.
I suddenly realized that I had looked for my SUICA, but could not find it. It seemed that when I took out my money from the coin purse, the SUICA fell down with it. I had just recharged it, so the remaining amount was around 10,000 yen. It was a waste of money, and there was a possibility that the card could have been misused for more than that. So I googled and found on JR’s website that you can report the loss of your card at the Midori-no-madoguchi (ticket counter) of Shinkansen stations and they will reissue a new card.
I found out that if you report the loss, the reissued SUICA will be handed over to you the next day or later, and only for a period of two weeks or less. I inquired as to the reason for this rule, but it was unclear. Furthermore, since Sapporo is under the jurisdiction of JR Hokkaido, which is a separate company from JR Kanto, it would be virtually impossible to return to Sapporo. Unfortunately, the return trip was that evening.
Since the SUICA has a personal name on it, everything should be able to be handled on the web, and the rationale for this rule is incomprehensible to users. The lady at the counter who took care of the procedure also said, “I also think it’s strange…”.
Well, it was unavoidable, so I decided to just go through the procedure and eliminate the possibility of unnecessary abuse.

The next day, after I had completed the day’s requirements and returned to Sapporo, I received a call on my cell phone in the early afternoon.
The caller was from the police station with jurisdiction over Kashima Jingu Shrine, informing that the SUICA in question had been reported as a lost property. Oh, yes. If you think about the process, you can see the accumulation of the goodwill of many people in Kanto. The fact that they found the lost item and reported it to the police. The police accessed my personal information, found my phone number, and politely called me. I can only think of it as a spiritual blessing of Kashima Jingu Shrine.
…This is a bit too long for a blog, so I’ll leave the rest for tomorrow.

【利根川東遷痕跡から鹿島神宮・東国三社地域探訪へ】



さてきのうまでで浦和の古民家園シリーズを終えました。
で、関東の古代の姿を再確認していくと、利根川の東遷という巨大自然改造が江戸時代初期に行われて、その結果として首都地域・江戸東京の地域的安定性が高まった様子がわかってきた。
先日中国では台風の被害で首都・北京での大洪水ぶりが報道されていました。北京からのニュース映像では、コンクリート製の橋が崩壊したりしていました。ことしの夏の異常と言われる暑さといい気候の凶暴化ということも言われていますが、さてどうなのでしょうか?
日本でもあのような洪水被害が家康による大土木工事以前には日常的にあったと推測できます。利根川東遷という公共事業の有効性が、その後の首都東京の発展の基礎だったことを考えれば、先人の労苦の重みを知らされる。家康という存在は、戦国の覇者という側面も大きいけれど、治山治水という政治の要諦における果断な判断力、政治力の凄さを知らされる思いがします。「どうする家康」で、今後、そういうドラマチックではない側面にどこまで迫れるでしょうか?武将としての役割を持って仕えた本多忠勝が晩年、家康の政治中心姿勢に「平八は(怒りで)腹が腐って果てました、と伝えろ」と嘆いた説話がある。
このあたり興味を持っていますが、さて「どうする家康」はどうする?
で、話は戻って、関東最大の暴れ川にして関東の地域開発の障害になっていた利根川。家康が東遷させて治水の実効性を高め領国の経済安定を実現させたけれど、ではなぜ太平洋に面した鹿島神宮などのある地域に向かったのか?霞ヶ浦〜香取の海の付近に鎮座する東国三社、鹿島神宮・息栖神社・香取神宮の周辺地域に強く興味が向かった。
ちょうど2番目の地図では、関東平野地域の地形変化ぶりを表現していますが、利根川を東遷させた水路の最終地が、これらの神が鎮座する地域に相当するのですね。利根川東遷でこの地域に流路変更させたこととの歴史的関係性は? それは偶然なのか?
関東平野を真横に貫く国土改造計画であったことがよくわかる。家康は戦国の武将であった以上に、田中角栄の数十倍の「日本列島改造」者であったことがわかるのですね。
北海道ではここまでの自然改造の必要性はなかったけれど、代わりに寒冷気候対応でのフロンティア開拓移住、住宅の高断熱高気密化という住宅技術開発が必須化されて、利根川東遷とも比肩できる「日本人住意識改造」を進めたとも思える。
北海道人としてはこんな思いから無縁の先人痕跡とも思えない部分があって、ときおりこの東国三社地域への歴史経緯掘り起こし探究をしてきています。
北海道からはかなり遠い地域だけれど、成田空港便が便利になったことで比較的に身近になっても来ている。そんなことから、利根川東遷の最終経路流域を探ってみたい。

English version⬇

From the traces of the eastward shift of the Tone River to Kashima Jingu Shrine and the three shrines in the eastern part of Japan
Ieyasu was a warlord, but more than that, he was a remodeler of the Japanese archipelago dozens of times greater than Kakuei Tanaka. His frontier spirit can be traced back to the development of Hokkaido. Hokkaido

Well, we have finished the series of the old private house garden in Urawa until yesterday.
In reconfirming the ancient state of the Kanto region, I have come to understand how a huge natural transformation called the eastward shift of the Tone River took place in the early Edo period (1603-1868), which resulted in the increased regional stability of the capital region, Edo Tokyo.
The other day in China, the typhoon damage caused by the typhoon was reported as a major flooding in the capital city of Beijing. News footage from Beijing showed concrete bridges collapsing. The summer heat this year is said to be abnormal and the climate is said to be getting more violent, but what do you think?
It can be inferred that flood damage like that was common in Japan before Ieyasu’s massive civil engineering works. Considering that the effectiveness of the public works project of moving the Tone River eastward was the basis for the subsequent development of the capital city of Tokyo, we are informed of the weight of our predecessors’ labor and hardship. Ieyasu was not only the supreme ruler of the Warring States period, but he was also a man of decisive judgment and political power in the key political issue of flood control. I wonder how much of this less dramatic side of Ieyasu will be explored in “What to Do About Ieyasu” in the future? There is a story that Honda Tadakatsu, who served as a military commander, lamented Ieyasu’s politically-centered stance in his later years, saying, “Tell him that Heihachi ended up with a rotten stomach (due to anger).
I am interested in this area. Now, what about “What to do, Ieyasu?
So, back to the Tone River, which was the largest rampaging river in the Kanto region and an obstacle to regional development in the Kanto region. I was strongly interested in the area facing the Pacific Ocean before Ieyasu moved it eastward to increase the effectiveness of flood control and achieve economic stability in his domain, and the area around the three shrines of the East, Kashima Shrine, Katori Shrine, and Katori Shrine, which are located near the sea from Kasumigaura to Katori.
Just the second map shows the topographical changes in the Kanto Plain area, and the final location of the waterway that moved the Tone River eastward corresponds to the area where these deities are located. What is the historical relationship between the Tone River’s eastward shift and the fact that the flow path was changed in this area? Is it a coincidence?
It is clear that this was a national land reform plan that went right across the Kanto Plain. You can see that Ieyasu was more than a warlord, he was a “remodeler of the Japanese archipelago” dozens of times more than Kakuei Tanaka.
In Hokkaido, there was no need to remodel the natural environment to this extent, but instead, frontier settlements in response to the cold climate and the development of housing technology to make houses highly insulated and airtight were essential, which can be compared to the Tone River Eastward Transition.
As a Hokkaido native, I have sometimes been exploring the history of the three shrines in the eastern part of the country, because I cannot think of them as traces of ancestors unrelated to me.
Although the area is quite far from Hokkaido, it has become relatively close to us thanks to the convenience of flights from Narita Airport. In light of this, I would like to explore the final route basin of the Tone River’s eastward transition.

【神仏信仰と日本人の倫理感 氷川神社末社・安楽寺庫裡-6】




さて日本人の倫理感の一断面として「落とし物が帰ってくる」確率が異常に高いということと、そういう日本の社会性はどのように育てられてきたかについて考えて見た。
ちょうど浦和の古民家群取材で神社の神職にしてお寺の住職でもあった庫裡の家を見ていたので日本的宗教性と倫理規範との関係に自然とテーマが向かったということ。
人類が進化して行く過程で宗教というものは必然的に随伴してきたものでしょう。言葉が生まれてコミュニケーションが成立し社会というものが生成した。ある種の「掟」が必要になっていって、それが「体系化」される必然が生まれた。まずはエジプトとかメソポタミアなどで社会が生まれたとき、基本的には太陽への自然崇拝が同時進行したと思える。たぶん人類普遍としては、太陽とか天体観測がベースになったことだろう。
天体の運行というものの規則性、不変なるものへの憧憬が共有の思考基盤になることは非常にわかりやすい。地球上に生きるイキモノすべてに共有可能な知識でしょう。とくに人類という存在はグレートジャーニーによって地球上の全大陸に進出した。そのときにいわば「羅針盤」としての天体運行、太陽の動きの把握はもっとも肝要だったに違いない。定住が始まって農業社会が始まったときにはとくに太陽の運行の研究は切実なテーマであり権力を持つ「支配層」はそれを必死で考えたことだろう。
日本社会は縄文の世以来、すべてに「神が宿る」という自然崇拝が基本。四季変化の明瞭な気候と、火山列島としての各地域の風土性の違いが大きく、いわゆる「八百万」の神々という社会が成立した。出雲にはそうした神々が一度に集う時期があって「神在月」と呼ばれ、それ以外の地域では「神無月」とされた。きわめて分権制の高い連合国家がマザーの日本社会だったのだと思う。
神道というものの基盤はこうした八百万の社会規範だったのだと思う。そしてそれぞれの地域社会で有力者が出現していった。そういう精神性風土に対してヤマト王権というゆるやかな古代王権が連合国家的なまとまりを作って行った。神武東征による政権の樹立経緯などがそれに当たるのだろう。
そこからさらに東アジア世界で政治権力強勢の律令制国家が出現したことで、国家の近代化の必要性が高まって仏教の導入が行われた。日本の不思議さは、これらの社会システム変換の度に、きわめて柔軟にその変化を受容してきたことではないか。もちろん多少の戦乱争闘はあったけれど、中国大陸・朝鮮半島のような激烈さはなかった。きわめて平和的に受容し続けたのだろう。
そういう歴史の流れの末に、わたしたち社会は、どこでモノを紛失しても「届け出る」倫理感の高い国民性を獲得してきている。驚くべき先人たちの知恵と思えてならない。
やはり「お天道様が見ている」自然への深い帰依か?

English version⬇

Shinto and Buddhist Beliefs and Japanese Ethics: Hikawa Shrine and Anrakuji Temple – 6
Why do lost and found items have an unusually high probability of being returned to their rightful owners in Japanese society? Why is it that the probability of lost and found items being returned is so high in Japanese society? …

I have been thinking about the unusually high probability of “lost items coming back” as one aspect of the Japanese sense of ethics, and how such a Japanese social character has been nurtured.
I had just visited an old house in Urawa where a priest of a Shinto shrine and a priest of a temple lived, so my theme naturally turned to the relationship between Japanese religiosity and ethical standards.
Religion has been an inevitable part of the human evolutionary process. Language was born, communication was established, and society was born. Certain “rules” became necessary, and the necessity to “systematize” them arose. First of all, when societies were born in Egypt and Mesopotamia, it seems that nature worship of the sun basically proceeded at the same time. Perhaps, as a universal human concept, it was based on the observation of the sun and celestial bodies.
It is very easy to understand that the yearning for the regularity and constancy of the celestial movements is the basis of shared thinking. It is a knowledge that can be shared by all living things on earth. In particular, the human race has advanced to all continents of the earth in its Great Journey. At that time, understanding celestial navigation and the movement of the sun as a “compass,” so to speak, must have been most important. When agricultural societies began to settle in Japan, the study of the sun became an especially important theme, and the “ruling class” must have thought about how to make use of it.
Since the Jomon period, Japanese society has been based on the worship of nature, believing that there is a god dwelling in all things. The climate, with its distinct seasonal changes, and the great differences in the climatic characteristics of the various regions of the volcanic archipelago, have led to the establishment of a society of so-called “eight million” deities. In Izumo, there was a period when all the gods gathered at once, which was called “kamizaitsuki,” while in other areas it was called “kaminashizuki. I believe that the Japanese society of the mothers was a highly decentralized federation of states.
I believe that the foundation of Shinto was this social norm of eight million people. And in each local society, powerful figures emerged. In response to this spiritual climate, a loose ancient royal power called the Yamato Royalty established a united state-like structure. The establishment of the government through the Jinmu expedition is probably a good example of this.
The emergence of the Ritsuryo system of government in East Asia further increased the need for modernization of the nation and led to the introduction of Buddhism. The wonder of Japan is that it has been extremely flexible in accepting these changes in its social system. Of course, there were some wars and struggles, but nothing as violent as in mainland China or the Korean peninsula. They have continued to accept the changes in an extremely peaceful manner.
As a result of this historical process, our society has acquired a high sense of ethics and a national character that allows us to “report” the loss of any item, no matter where it is lost. This is a remarkable wisdom of our ancestors.
Is it still a deep devotion to nature that “the heavens are watching”?