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【黒竜江中流・デレンでの幕末外交〜間宮林蔵生家-8】




間宮林蔵たち幕末期の領土測量探求者の営為の上に立って、黒田清隆などの新政府は北海道島の日本支配をより強固なものとしていくために積極的な「殖民」政策を大方針として立てていく。
その基盤として「寒冷地仕様住宅」の研究とその普及政策があった。そしてそのDNAは今日の地域自治体・北海道にも脈々と受け継がれ、高断熱高気密住宅として完全に地域に根付き、さらに現在、本州以南地域の住宅革新にも波及している。住宅を巡る日本史としては歴史の一本道であるように思われる。
間宮林蔵は本来の任務であった樺太探検のあと、現地の人びとの協力を得て、黒竜江（アムール川）中流の交易都市・デレン探訪に向かう。かれ30才の当時。その様子はこの第２回樺太探査の記録としてまとめられた「東韃地方紀行」に記述されている。今に伝わる絵画表現は、間宮林蔵の探検者としての師・村上島之允（しまのじょう）の子・貞助が編纂者として記録されている。貞助の絵画表現が1810年当時のこの地域の状況をわかりやすく伝えてくれる。伝統的な「大和絵」の臨場表現として軍記物や洛中洛外図などと同様にナナメ上方からの視点で情報が描かれていて、わかりやすい。
デレンには清朝の出先機関が置かれて「朝貢」がタテマエでの交易活動が行われている実相が伝わってくる。１枚目の絵図では清朝に対して異民族が服従し上納する形式が表されている。もちろん返礼品が対応
されることが前提。異民族側からすると目的は交易だけであるけれど、自分が世界の中心であるとする中華思想としてはこういう「形式」を求めるものなのだろう。現代にも繋がる部分か。
一方で形式が終われば、いわゆる客人としての接遇が間宮に対して行われ、酒席での接待が行われた様子も表現されている。そして、交易された品々はデレンの市で取引されて自由に流通していた様子も見て取れる。このような市場のありよう、形式としては清朝が地域「支配」していたことになるのかどうか。
この段階の日本・江戸幕府は欧米世界との対応の中で、世界標準の「近代国家」という概念に対応する姿勢を見せているし、この間宮たちの行動はそういった実態を表している。その後の極東アジア情勢の推移は清朝国家が破綻していく一方、日本は「脱亜入欧」を目指していくことになる。

間宮の視線は庶民の暮らしぶりにも向けられている。現地の人びとの子育ての様子までもが表現されていた。デレンの役人たちとは友好的に接することができた証しか。絵は乳児の「ゆりかご」の様子のように判別できる。妻帯せず、子をなさなかった間宮はどう感じたのか、ふとかれの両親のことを思い出す瞬間もあっただろう。国事に身を投じた人生とは言え、やや切なさも感じる。

English version⬇

Diplomacy at the End of the Edo Period at Deren in the Middle Heilongjiang River – Mamiya Rinzo’s Birthplace – 8
Diplomacy between Japan and China at the time of 1810 at the Qing dynasty’s outpost in China. Under the isolationist regime, was it in the form of an accidental encounter with a local in Sakhalin accompanying a local in Sakhalin? …

Based on the efforts of Mamiya Rinzo and other territorial surveyors at the end of the Edo period, the new government, led by Kuroda Kiyotaka, adopted an aggressive “colonization” policy to consolidate Japanese control over Hokkaido Island.
The foundation for this policy was research into “cold-weather housing” and the policy to promote its spread. This DNA has been passed down through the generations to today’s local governments in Hokkaido, where highly insulated and airtight housing has taken root, and is now spreading to housing innovations in the south of Honshu and beyond. It seems to be a straight line of history as far as Japanese history concerning housing is concerned.
After his original mission to explore Sakhalin, Rinzo Mamiya, with the cooperation of the local people, went to explore the trading city of Deren in the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River (Amur River). He was 30 years old at the time. The account of his expedition is described in the book “Travels in the East Rhodesian Region,” which was compiled as a record of the second Sakhalin expedition. The pictorial representations handed down to this day are recorded by Sadasuke, the son of Mamiya Rinzo’s mentor as an explorer, Murakami Shimanojo, as the compiler of the book. Sadasuke’s pictorial representation conveys the situation of this region at the time of 1810 in an easy-to-understand manner. The information is depicted from a naname-upper perspective as in the traditional “Yamato-e” realistic expression, as in military records and Rakuchu-Rakugai-zu, and is easy to understand.
The first picture depicts the form of subjugation and payment of tribute by different ethnic groups to the Qing dynasty. Of course, it is a prerequisite that the return gift
The first illustration shows a form of subjugation and payment to the Qing Dynasty by the different ethnic groups. From the perspective of the different ethnic groups, the purpose is only to trade, but the Chinese thought that they are the center of the world requires this kind of “formality”. Is this a part of the modern world as well?
On the other hand, once the formalities were over, Mamiya was treated as a so-called guest, and the scene of entertainment at the drinking table is also expressed. We can also see how traded goods were traded and freely distributed at the market in Deren. The question is whether or not the Qing dynasty “ruled” the region in the form of this kind of market.
The Japanese Edo shogunate at this stage in its dealings with the Western world was taking a stance that corresponded to the concept of a world-standard “modern state,” and the actions of these Mamiya and others represent such a reality. The subsequent transition of the situation in Far East Asia would see the collapse of the Qing dynasty state, while Japan would aim for “de-industrialization” of Europe.

Mamiya’s gaze also turned to the way of life of ordinary people. He even described how the local people were raising their children. Is this a sign that he was able to have friendly contact with the officials in Deren? The paintings can be identified as showing the “cradle” of an infant. Mamiya, who was not married and had no children, must have felt how he felt, and there must have been moments when he thought of his parents. Although Mamiya’s life was devoted to the affairs of the country, it is also somewhat sad.

Posted on 5月 23rd, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 未分類 | No Comments »

【北海道・樺太さらに黒竜江河口地域へ〜間宮林蔵生家-7】




近代国家にとってその領土の地理を把握することは、統治の正当性を担保する重要な基盤情報。正確な地理認識がなければ、権力行使の総合的実効性があり得ない。国土領域の防衛についてもその交通についても、さらに産業育成、国民の人口増加、定住の推進確保などの「国土支配」の基礎になる。
そういった「民政」への統治実績こそが近代国家概念そのものであるという国際常識に対して、日本の江戸幕府は非常に正しい認識を持って対処していたといえる。
江戸幕府体制は領土確定の基礎としていち早く北海道島の測量を推進し、その後、ロシアとの国境紛争に備えて、樺太、千島列島などの探査を進めていた。
間宮林蔵はこの樺太の測量に於いて国家的な巨大な貢献を果たした。樺太と北東アジア大陸が地続きではなく、島嶼であることを国際的に確定させたことで、世界地図情報にも画期をもたらせた。「国家的特殊任務」としてそれらは遂行され、江戸幕府の鎖国方針のなかでそれらは「国家機密」ともされていた。幕府としてはオランダ人医師シーボルトに対してのこの国家機密「漏洩」事件に際して、日本側情報提供者に極刑を科し、シーボルトに対しては国外退去させた。
しかしいちばん上のような地図情報がシーボルトによって欧米世界に情報共有されることで、日本の政体機構がこのような正確な情報に対しリスペクトする近代国家としての基本要件を持っていると認識されていった。このことは当時の国益にとって非常に効果があったのだと思える。少なくとも情報についての日露「戦争」において欧米が日本に優位性を認めたひとつの根拠となったのだろう。たぶん他のアジア諸国とは違う近代国家の基本資格を日本は持っていると認識した。日本は独立国家たることを死守できたのだ。江戸幕府と北辺領土探検者たちの「国家情報力」の営為が明治以降の日本を救ったといえるのだろう。
司馬遼太郎が繰り返し、日露戦争に至るこの時代の日本人について探究したことには、こういった背景へのリスペクトがあったのだと思っています。
間宮海峡を発見してのち、間宮林蔵は樺太が向き合うアジア大陸北東端地域、黒竜江の河口地域に対しての「北方外交」にも取り組んでいく。樺太地域在住の地域住民を組織して海峡を越えて、それまで「山丹」と呼ばれたり「韃靼」と呼称されていた河口・流域地域を黒竜江を遡って探査する。
日本の歴史記録ではこれら地域との直接交渉の記録に乏しい。かろうじて奥州藤原氏以前の安倍氏支配時代に、その当主家系が訪問したという断片記録に触れた程度。ただ、ながく日本中央権力地域との「交易」関係で奥州地域が特異な地位を占めていたのには、こうした北辺地域との交流が基礎にあったのに違いない。間宮林蔵の外交には、これらの地域とのかかわりを再認識させた側面もあったことだろう。

English version⬇

Hokkaido and Sakhalin further to the Heilongjiang River estuary area – Mamiya Rinzo’s birthplace – 7
The scientific rationality of territorial grasp and geographical recognition was established as the basis for territorial domination of the northern part of Japan. From this achievement, Mamiya Rinzo further advanced into northern diplomacy. …

For a modern state, understanding the geography of its territory is important fundamental information that ensures the legitimacy of its governance. Without accurate geographical awareness, the overall effectiveness of the exercise of power is impossible. It is the basis for “land rule,” including the defense of the territory and its transportation, as well as the development of industry, population growth, and the promotion and securing of settlement.
It can be said that Japan’s Edo shogunate had a very correct understanding of the international common sense that such “civil administration” is the very essence of the modern concept of the state.
The Edo shogunate system was quick to promote the surveying of Hokkaido Island as the basis for territorial determination, and later, in preparation for border disputes with Russia, it promoted exploration of Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and other areas.
Rinzo Mamiya made a huge national contribution in this survey of Sakhalin. He established internationally that Sakhalin and the continent of Northeast Asia were not connected to the land, but were islands, and this led to a breakthrough in world map information. The “special national missions” were carried out and were considered “state secrets” under the Edo Shogunate’s policy of national seclusion. In the case of the “leak” of state secrets to the Dutch physician Siebold, the Shogunate imposed a maximum penalty on the Japanese informant and had Siebold deported from Japan.
However, as the above map information was shared with the Western world by Siebold, it was recognized that Japan’s political structure had the basic requirements of a modern nation that respected such accurate information. This was very effective for the national interest at the time. At the very least, it was one of the grounds for the West to recognize Japan’s superiority in the Russo-Japanese “war” regarding information. Perhaps it was the recognition that Japan possessed the basic qualifications of a modern nation, different from other Asian nations. Japan could defend its independence to the death. It can be said that the efforts of the Edo shogunate and the explorers of the Northern Territories in the “national intelligence power” saved Japan from the Meiji era onward.
I believe that Ryotaro Shiba’s repeated exploration of the Japanese in this period leading up to the Russo-Japanese War was based on his respect for this kind of background.
After discovering the Mamiya Strait, Mamiya Rinzo also engaged in “northern diplomacy” toward the region at the mouth of the Heilongjiang River, the northeastern tip of the Asian continent that Karafuto faced. He organized local residents living in the Sakhalin region to cross the strait and explore the estuary and basin areas of the Heilongjiang River, which had previously been called “Shantan” or “Tadatoku.
Japanese historical records are scant on direct negotiations with these regions. There is barely a fragmentary record of a visit by a family member of the head of the Abe clan during the period of Abe rule before the Oshu Fujiwara clan. However, the fact that the Oshu region occupied a unique position in “trade” with the central power regions of Japan for a long time must have been based on such exchanges with the northern regions. Mamiya Rinzo’s diplomacy must have had some aspect of reaffirming the relationship with these regions.

Posted on 5月 22nd, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【近代国家形成と北海道、領土問題〜間宮林蔵生家-6】




北海道神宮境内には「開拓神社」が置かれている。わたしの好きな毎朝の散歩道の定番コースでして強い親近感を持って参拝させていただいている。記憶が定かではないけれど小学校の「社会科」では定番の地域史にそれらの名前は刻印されている。北海道開拓に功績のあった人物を顕彰する宮。地域としての北海道は公式的には幕末の時期に歴史が刻印されはじめるのですね。
そのなかに伊能忠敬、近藤重蔵、高田屋嘉兵衛、松浦武四郎、松田伝十郎、間宮林蔵、最上徳内と言った北海道の地勢情報の開拓者たちの名前が記されている。高田屋嘉兵衛は北前船交易の主人公として司馬遼太郎「菜の花の沖」に描かれた。わたしの家系伝承探索をしていると、このあたりにルーツを感じさせられる部分が強い。興味を持って調べていたら、播磨灘物語の巻末の文章でわが家の伝承と司馬さんのご先祖さまとがクロスする箇所もあった。
そういう時代の感覚が、間宮林蔵さんの足跡を追体験するとふつふつと沸き起こって来る。間宮林蔵が江戸で最期を迎えたとき、幕臣として北方探索を重ねていたかれの事跡が残された資料類は幕府が「国家機密」書類として回収したとされている。鎖国が国是の時代にあって幕府として北方の領土について情報を把握することがいかに機微なことがらであったのかが偲ばれる。
そして明治維新政府がこうした作業に関わった多くの幕臣たちをむしろ顕彰するに至ったことからは、北海道をはじめとする北方の領土問題がいかに明治という時代にとって枢要だったかをあらわしている。明治の政府の中枢であった黒田清隆はむしろ積極的に維新戦争での敵方・幕臣たちにリスペクトしている痕跡がある。北海道を中心とする領土問題は近代国家基幹部分が形成された中心軸だった。北海道人にとってこの時代感覚は毎日の神社参拝を通してなお、なまなましく生き続けている。
今回つくばみらい市で間宮林蔵生家を訪問したことで、北海道はこうしたフロンティアたちのさまざまな活動によって基礎が形成されたことを追体験させられている。
上の写真の銅像は稚内・宗谷岬に残された間宮林蔵像。幕臣として、国命である領土調査活動としてかれは樺太島に渡り、大陸と樺太を隔つ「間宮海峡」を確定させるに至る。その後の対ロシア外交交渉で世界の「公知」事実として根拠を示し得た発見だった。

こうした事実は当時のオランダ人医師シーボルトによって世界に情報拡散されていった。間宮海峡という名前もこの経緯によって世界標準になっていった。世界史と日本史が戦国期以来ふたたび交叉し始める。戦国期が大名たちが主語で語られるのに対して、幕末明治はもっと庶民の側に近い個人名が主語になっていく。こうして間宮林蔵の息づかいまで普通に知れることは、すばらしい。

English version⬇

The Formation of a Modern Nation, Hokkaido, and Territorial Issues – Rinzo Mamiya’s Birthplace – 6
At the end of the Edo period and during the Meiji era, there were countless activities that martyred the “national interest” regardless of whether it was Satcho or the shogunate. In Hokkaido, such spirits are enshrined in the Kaitakushi Shrine.

The Kaitakushi Shrine is located within the precincts of the Hokkaido Shrine. It is a regular course of my favorite morning walk, and I visit the shrine with a strong sense of familiarity. I am not sure if my memory of the shrine is correct, but its name is imprinted in the standard local history book for elementary school social studies classes. The shrine honors those who have contributed to the development of Hokkaido. So Hokkaido as a region officially begins to have its history imprinted at the end of the Edo period.
Among them are the names of pioneers of Hokkaido’s geographical information, such as Ino Tadataka, Kondo Shigezo, Takataya Kahei, Matsuura Takeshiro, Matsuda Denjuro, Mamiya Rinzo, and Mogami Tokunouchi. Takataya Kahei was depicted in Ryotaro Shiba’s “Nanohana no Oki” as a hero of the Kitamae-bune trade. In my search for family lore, I have a strong sense of my roots in this area. As I was researching with interest, I found a passage at the end of Harimanada Monogatari (Tales of Harimanada) that crossed my family traditions with those of Mr. Shiba’s ancestors.
Such a sense of the times arises when I relive Rinzo Mamiya’s footsteps. When Rinzo Mamiya met his end in Edo, it is said that the shogunate had recovered the documents that contained the traces of his many northern expeditions as a vassal of the shogunate as “state secrets”. In an era when the national policy was to keep the country closed to the outside world, it is easy to understand how sensitive it was for the Shogunate to obtain information on the northern territories.
The fact that the Meiji Restoration government honored the many shogunate officials who were involved in this process shows how important the issue of northern territories, including Hokkaido, was to the Meiji era. There are traces that Kiyotaka Kuroda, who was at the center of the Meiji government, actively respected his adversaries and shogunate vassals in the Restoration War. The territorial issue centering on Hokkaido was the central axis around which the core of the modern nation was formed. For the people of Hokkaido, this sense of the times is still vividly alive through their daily visits to the shrine.
Visiting the birthplace of Rinzo Mamiya in Tsukubamirai City, I was reminded that the foundation of Hokkaido was formed by the various activities of these frontiersmen.
The bronze statue in the photo above is the statue of Rinzo Mamiya left at Cape Soya in Wakkanai. As a shogunate minister, he traveled to Sakhalin Island as part of his territorial survey activities as ordered by the Japanese government and established the “Mamiya Strait” that separated Sakhalin from the mainland. The discovery was later used as a basis for diplomatic negotiations with Russia as a fact of “public knowledge” in the world.

This fact was spread around the world by Siebold, the Dutch physician of the time. The name “Mamiya Kaikyo” also became a global standard through this process. World history and Japanese history began to intersect again after the Sengoku period. While the subject of the Warring States period was the feudal lords, the subject of the late Edo and Meiji periods was individual names that were closer to the common people. It is wonderful to be able to know even the breath of Rinzo Mamiya in this way.

Posted on 5月 21st, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
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【新緑まぶしい5.19札幌・朝の散歩路にて】



先週東京出張〜帰還が日曜日夜ということで、翌月曜日から仕事という２週間仕事モードの連続。という疲労蓄積に加えて昨日は夕方、大嫌いな（笑）歯医者さんでの難行苦行。お疲れモードがさらに倍加。どうやら１本、虫歯が確認されて、神経を麻酔させての突貫工事。かなり荒っぽい治療だったようで、その麻酔の残滓が寝て起きてもまだまだスッキリしないのであります。
なので、本日はやや「ぼーっ」としておりましてブログはテーマ休憩。
朝の爽やかな空気感の中、５月の札幌はいろいろな表情を見せてくれています。写真上はいつもオシドリとかカモたちを見る円山公園の池の様子。なんですが、周囲の緑が輝くばかりの新緑で、その様子が水面に映り込んでいます。なお、手前側の樹木も旺盛な新緑なので、水面の反映とあわせてまことに渾然一体。緑のグラデーションに加えて水面の映り込み、などなど、緑の交響曲とでも言えそう。意識の境界もあいまいになっていくような光景に癒されております。
一応２枚目写真では、池の端部を赤い矢印でマーキングしましたが、まったくムダな抵抗で満艦飾そのものの新緑に圧倒されております。

一方こちらは散歩道すがらの兄の家の庭に咲いていた「シャクヤク」。父母が暮らした家の敷地で母が育てていた花を、近所だった兄が「株分け」してもらって以来、元気に咲き続けているという。
母親にまつわる「いのち」が元気に花開いている、というのは子どもとしてハッとさせられる。岐阜県から北海道に入植してきた家系であった母は、温暖地の植物を花畑で植え込んでいた。「寒い札幌なのにこんな花が咲いたんだから・・・」ということを話してくれていたことが、つい今し方のように思い起こされる。その声音がこのシャクヤクの花の表情にオーバーラップしてしまった。
つい先日、母の命日に供養の法事をしていましたが、いのちの輪廻は自然界でつきることなく繋がっていくものなのだとうれしく思っていました。

English version⬇

On a morning walkway in Sapporo on May 19, dazzling with fresh greenery.
The island closest to heaven, with its green perspective, reflections on the water, and scenes like a nirvana seen on earth can be seen in various places. Flowers hand-planted by my late mother also make an appearance. The island is the closest to heaven.

Last week I went on a business trip to Tokyo and returned on Sunday night, which meant that I had to work from the following Monday, which was two weeks of continuous work mode. In addition to the accumulated fatigue, I had to go to the dentist’s office yesterday evening, which I hate (laugh). My tiredness was doubled. Apparently, one of my teeth was found to have a cavity, and they had to anesthetize the nerve to rush it through. It seems that the treatment was quite rough, and the residual effects of the anesthesia are still not clearing up even after I went to bed and woke up.
Therefore, I am somewhat “dazed” today, and my blog is taking a theme break.
In the fresh morning air, Sapporo in May is showing us many different faces. The photo above shows the pond in Maruyama Park where I usually see mandarin ducks and ducklings. The pond is surrounded by shining new greenery, which is reflected in the surface of the water. The trees in the foreground are also vigorously green, so they are reflected in the surface of the water, creating a harmonious whole. The gradation of greenery and the reflection of the surface of the water, it could be called a symphony of greenery. I am healed by the scene that seems to blur the boundaries of my consciousness.
In the second photo, I marked the edge of the pond with a red arrow, but it was a completely unnecessary resistance, and I was overwhelmed by the new greenery, which was like a full boat decoration.

On the other hand, this is a “peony” blooming in the garden of my brother’s house along the path of our walk. My brother, who was a neighbor, received a share of the flower that his mother had grown on the site of the house where their parents had lived, and it has been blooming vigorously ever since.
As a child, I was struck by the fact that the “life” associated with his mother is blooming vigorously. My mother, whose family had settled in Hokkaido from Gifu Prefecture, had planted warm-weather plants in her flower garden. She used to tell me, “It’s cold in Sapporo, but these flowers bloomed…” I recall the sound of her voice just now. The sound of his voice overlapped with the expression of this peony flower.
Just the other day, I was holding a memorial service for my mother on the anniversary of her death, and I was glad to know that the cycle of life is connected in the natural world without ceasing.

Posted on 5月 20th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 未分類 | No Comments »

【幕末期「国境画定」の国策推進〜間宮林蔵生家-5】




幕末期には列強によるアジア地域への「進出」という名の侵略行動が活発化した。江戸幕府によるオランダ・中国以外の国との接触を断つ鎖国政策に他国からの政策変更圧力が高まっていた。この時期に幕府は積極的に「北方探索活動」を推進しはじめる。間宮林蔵の仕事はそのなかでも「間宮海峡」という個人名まで付された、いわば世界が公的に追認した大きな成果だった。
この時代段階での地学測量の技術面の困難を克服しながら「国境画定」の基盤を為す行為。ロシアによるユーラシア大陸北東地域への進出制覇という脅威の現実があり、その情勢の中で、北海道島、樺太島が島嶼であるのか、大陸の延長であるのかはすぐれて国際関係論の重要テーマとされていた。
現実に各国の「探検家」たちが樺太と大陸の地理関係を探査してきていたが、失敗を重ねてきていた。鎖国体制とは言え、幕府もロシアの南下侵略行為への強い危機認識を持ち、国際的「公知」の根拠となる精細な地域測量努力を重ねていた。地理を正確に把握していることがそのまま強い「外交交渉力」となるのが、現代世界にまでいたる世界標準的「法の支配」根拠だったのだ。
こうした情勢下、幕府では写真のように北海道島の正確な地図作成目的で、伊能忠敬や最上徳内など旧来の幕臣ではない人材任用が行われた。かれらの行為は第一に日本国の国防の最前線活動だったのだ。そういうなかで世界に樺太の正確な地理知識を認定させた間宮林蔵の足跡は、ロシアに対する最重要な「抑止力活動」だったと言える。科学知識に基づく防衛装備。
間宮林蔵は幕府機構組織の中では「お庭番」という間諜活動に位置づけられ、事実としてかれの晩年にはその本来業務での活動事実も上げられている。幕府組織としては対ロシア国防での明確な功労者である間宮林蔵はいわば専門職として農民から抜擢登用した人物。伊能忠敬や最上徳内もその専門知識をもって幕臣の地位を与えた存在。したがってその本来の役儀である間諜活動を命じていたことになる。その後、明治の政変に至る過程で、その評価について歴史の荒波に揉まれていくことになる。

そういうかれら同士では、いわば身内意識、専門職としての共感があったことが記録にある。上の資料は伊能忠敬から間宮林蔵への書簡。高齢になってから農民身分を「隠居」した後「お国のために」測量活動を続けた伊能にしてみれば、若い間宮の行動にはいたわりの感情も持っていたように思う。事実、間宮は一人っ子であり生家は同族の人間によって家系存続されている。間宮林蔵個人は結局妻帯せず、いわば国事に人生を捧げることになった。その後の国の戦争での戦没者たちの影と重なってもみえてくる。
北海道人としては、こうした先人たちのことを忘れることはできない。

English version⬇

Promoting the national policy of “border demarcation” at the end of the Edo period – Rinzo Mamiya’s birthplace – 5
Geographical surveying to ensure the world standard “rule of law” basis. Deterrence activities that confronted Russia with the world standard “rule of law”. …

In the last days of the Edo period, invasive actions by the powers in the name of “expansion” into the Asian region became more and more active. The Edo shogunate’s policy of seclusion, which cut off contact with countries other than the Netherlands and China, was under increasing pressure from other countries to change its policies. During this period, the Shogunate began to actively promote “northern exploration activities. Rinzo Mamiya’s work was a major achievement that was officially recognized by the world, and was even given a personal name, “Mamiya Kaikyo.
The act of overcoming the technical difficulties of geological surveying at this stage of the history of the world and establishing the foundation for “border demarcation” was a major achievement. The reality was that Russia was threatening to conquer the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent, and the question of whether the islands of Hokkaido and Sakhalin were islands or extensions of the continent was an important topic of discussion in international relations.
In reality, “explorers” from various countries had explored the geographical relationship between Sakhalin and the continent, but had repeatedly failed. Despite the isolationist regime, the Shogunate also had a strong sense of urgency about Russia’s southward aggression, and made repeated efforts to survey the area in detail as a basis for international “public knowledge. The accurate understanding of geography was the basis for the world standard “rule of law,” which has continued to the modern world, as a strong “diplomatic bargaining power” as it is today.
Under these circumstances, the Bakufu appointed personnel not traditionally associated with the shogunate, such as Ino Tadataka and Mogami Tokunouchi, to create an accurate map of the island of Hokkaido, as shown in the photo. Their actions were first and foremost a frontline activity for the national defense of Japan. In this context, the footsteps of Mamiya Rinzo, who made the world recognize the accurate geographical knowledge of Sakhalin, were the most important “deterrence activity” against Russia. Defense equipment based on scientific knowledge.
Rinzo Mamiya was positioned as a counterintelligence agent in the Shogunate organization as “Oyaban,” and in fact, in his later years, his activities in his original duties were also reported. Rinzo Mamiya, a clear contributor to the defense of the Shogunate against Russia, was selected and promoted from among the peasants as a specialist, so to speak. Ino Tadataka and Mogami Tokunouchi were also given the status of shogunate vassals because of their expertise. Therefore, they were ordered to engage in counterintelligence activities, which was their original role. Later, in the process leading up to the political upheaval of the Meiji period, he was caught in the stormy waves of history regarding his evaluation.

The record shows that there was a sense of kinship and professional empathy among them. The above document is a letter from Tadataka Ino to Rinzo Mamiya. Ino, who had continued his surveying activities “for the good of the country” after “retiring” from the peasant life at an advanced age, seems to have felt some sympathy for the young Mamiya’s actions. In fact, Mamiya was an only child, and his family of birth was continued by a member of the same family. Rinzo Mamiya personally did not marry and devoted his life, so to speak, to national affairs. His life was dedicated to national affairs, so to speak, and his deaths in subsequent national wars can be seen in the shadows.
As a Hokkaido native, I cannot forget these predecessors.

Posted on 5月 19th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【夜通し「出世」祈願した少年〜間宮林蔵生家-4】




間宮林蔵の生家は茨城県のつくばみらい市にある。ようやく夫婦に授かった子として間宮林蔵はこの世に生を受け、父母の深い愛に包まれていのちを育んでいった。幼い頃から算術などに才の片鱗を見せ、村では神童と言われていたという。そして林蔵13歳の時、ある一晩、ふらりと家を出て翌朝になってようやく帰ってきたのだという。どうしたのかと親が尋ねると「出世を筑波山に祈願してきた」と。
筑波山は、関東地域では富士山と同様に「霊山」として信仰の対象とされてきた。そういった素朴な信仰心に基づいて願を掛けたのだろうけれど、出世という願が印象的。ふつうに考えれば農家の跡取り息子として農事に精を出すのが常識なところ、出世を祈願したというのはどんな背景なのか。
かれが13歳だった当時（1792年）は、1783年に北海道島について仙台藩士が「赤蝦夷風説考」を著していわゆる「北辺」防備への感心が高まり、1785年には幕府による第１回「蝦夷地調査隊」が派遣され、樺太の海岸線にまで調査隊が送られた時期。やがて明治開国に至る幕末の動乱が点火して行った時期といえる。帰農した家系とは言え、武家としての矜持をもち、自分自身の才を社会に役立てたいと考えたものか。
その翌年には地元の算術家の門を叩いて本格的に学ぶ。それは地学・土木の解析へと役立てられ、地域の農業土木工事に際して、工学的に優れた「解」を提案して、幕府の土木技官からその才を認められることに繋がっていったとされている。永く続いた鎖国体制、平和主義から否応なく、列強による国際動乱の渦が日本社会に迫っていることを、本能的に感受して国防に身を捧げたい「出世」したいと考えたのか。出世とはなにかメリットを享受したいというのではなく、純粋に社会の発展安寧に寄与したい、そのために自分の才を活かしたいと考えたのだと思える。かれの人生にはそういう意思が感じられる。

そういった林蔵の心事を、ふだんの話し方などを通じて垣間見ていた両親のことを想像してみると、こちらも深くこころに染みてくる。神に願掛けしてようやく授かった、深い愛情の対象としてのわが子。成長するにつれ社会に強い関心を持ち、自分自身のいのちをそういう公的な使命に使いたいと考えることについて、どういう心境であったか、と考える。
現代のわれわれとはやはりこの時代の日本人は違う価値判断でいたことは疑いがない。少年らしい正義感とか、愛国心とかという形而上的な部分、いわば「奉公」意識に殉じるこころを思わされる。わが子を深く愛し、その心根のすこやかな発露も受容していたに違いない。
家と家系、親と子。そういう部分に思いが募ってくる。

English version⬇

The Boy Who Prayed All Night for a “Career” – Rinzo Mamiya’s Birthplace – 4
Amidst the tension in the northern part of Japan, a boy with a gift of science and technology thought of “promotion” to serve the world with his life. What were his parents’ thoughts as they watched over him? ……

Rinzo Mamiya’s birthplace is located in Tsukubamirai City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Rinzo Mamiya was born into this world as the son of a married couple, and his life was nurtured by the deep love of his parents. From an early age, he showed glimpses of talent in such areas as arithmetic, and was called a child prodigy in his village. One night, when Rinzo was 13 years old, he left home on a whim and finally returned the next morning. When his parents asked him what was wrong, he told them that he had gone to Mt.
Mt. Tsukuba, like Mt. Fuji, has been the object of faith as a “sacred mountain” in the Kanto region. Tsukuba has been the object of religious belief as a “sacred mountain” in the Kanto region, similar to Mt. What kind of background could have led him to pray for success in life, when it would normally be common knowledge that he would devote himself to farming as the son and heir of a farm family?
In 1783, when he was 13 years old (1792), a Sendai samurai wrote a book titled “Akaeyesi Fusetsu Kou” about the island of Hokkaido, which raised interest in defending the so-called “north side.” In 1785, the shogunate dispatched the first “Ezo Survey Party,” which included a survey party to the coastline of Karafuto. This was the period that ignited the upheaval at the end of the Edo period that eventually led to the opening of the country to the outside world in the Meiji era. Although his family had returned to farming, he was still proud to be a samurai and wanted to use his talents for the benefit of society.
In the following year, he entered a local school of arithmetic and began to study in earnest. This was used to analyze geology and civil engineering, and he is said to have proposed a superior engineering “solution” to a local agricultural engineering project, which led to his talent being recognized by the civil engineers of the Shogunate. The long-lasting isolationism and pacifism of the shogunate led him to instinctively realize that the vortex of international upheaval by the powers of the world was approaching Japanese society, and he wanted to devote himself to national defense and “rise in the world”. It seems to me that he did not want to enjoy the benefits of success in life, but rather he genuinely wanted to contribute to the development and peace of society, and to utilize his talents for that purpose. I can sense such a will in his life.

Imagining the parents who had caught a glimpse of Rinzo’s mind through the way he spoke in his daily life, we are also deeply moved. Rinzo’s child, the object of their deep affection, was finally given to him after praying to the gods. As they grew up, they developed a strong interest in society, and I wonder how they must have felt about the idea of using their own lives for such a public mission.
There is no doubt that the Japanese of that era had different value judgments than we do today. It makes me think of a boyish sense of justice, patriotism, and other metaphysical aspects, a mind martyred by a sense of “servitude,” so to speak. He must have deeply loved his own child and accepted the gentle outpouring of that love.
Family and lineage, parent and child. This is the part of the story that makes me think of the family and its lineage, the parents and their children.

Posted on 5月 18th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【やっと授かった両親念願の子〜間宮林蔵生家-3】




後にその理工系の才能を認められて幕臣として登用され、世界情勢の中でも緊張を高めていた北辺地域の支配根拠となる正確な地理把握を日本発で世界に認識させた間宮林蔵。
当時、列強による世界全域での領土・利権争奪が熾烈を極める中で、そのなかでももっとも危険性の高いロシア国家との「領土」紛争を未然に沈静化させ、英米を中心とする世界世論を日本に引きつける根拠をかれの事跡は確定させた。
そういうかれが生誕した住まいがこの家。
いちばん上の写真は、生誕前のエピソード説明で、なかなか子どもに恵まれなかった両親が、必死に神頼みしたという近在の「月読神社」の様子。ご両親の思いは少子化社会のただ中にいる現代のわれわれとも通底する。
このように「人とすまい」というワンセットが保存されているケースは興味深い。
北海道人としては地域の歴史経緯を知るほどに、自分の生きる土地がロシアとの緊張関係の末に日本領土として確定し、自分が日本人としてのいのちを生きていることに大きな「恩」のある人物なのだと思い続けていた。その人物の生身の出自を探訪できる不思議な機縁。
そのご両親の素朴な人間性にまで触れることができた気がする。


家の中に入ったとき、農家らしい広い土間空間の三和土（たたき）空間が出迎えてくれる。この建物はほんの50m先からとはいえ「移築」されたものだというけれど、丹念に突き固め踏み固められた地盤面には、濃厚に人間らしさが表現されている。
そして自然と、かまどに吸い寄せられるように近づいていった。両親が祈りようやく授かったいのちを養育するのに、そのパワーを生み出し続けた空間。かまどは食という基本で間宮家のいのちを守り続けたのだと、一種畏敬にも近い念が沸き起こって来る。
現代では人間は産科病院で生まれることが多数だけれど、200数十年前の頃には自宅で産婆さんの介助を受けて産み落ちるのが自然。その「産湯」もこのかまどが用を果たしたに違いない。
そして15-6歳になるまでの成長期、間宮林蔵という人物・個性にこのかまどは食生活を通して圧倒的にその成長を保証し続けた。両親の深い愛情が、このかまど空間に刷り込まれている。
ひとは生を受けて成長し、望みを抱き、また人のために役立つことを為していくけれど、そういった「輪廻」のなかで住まいというのは、静かにたたずまいを提供し続けてくれる。まことに多様な個性を生み出し続ける空間なのだと、いまさらながら、深く気付かせられる。

English version⬇

The longed-for child of my parents, finally given to me – Rinzo Mamiya’s birthplace – 3
The house is like witnessing the traces of reincarnation of life. The neat and simple living space that secured the growth of Rinzo Mamiya from birth to the age of 15-6. …

Rinzo Mamiya was later promoted to the post of shogunate minister in recognition of his talent in science and engineering, and he was the first person in Japan to make the world aware of the accurate geographical understanding that would serve as the basis for control of the northern border region, which was undergoing increasing tension in world affairs.
At the time, the struggle for territory and interests throughout the world by the powers was fierce, and Rinzo Mamiya was able to calm down the most dangerous “territorial” dispute with Russia and establish a basis for attracting world public opinion, especially that of the United Kingdom and the United States, to Japan.
This is the house where he was born.
The photo at the top is a scene from the nearby “Tsukuyomi Shrine,” where his parents, who were not blessed with children, desperately prayed to God for help. The parents’ wish is also relevant to us today in the midst of a society with a declining birthrate.
It is interesting to see a case like this where one set of “people and their home” has been preserved.
As a Hokkaido native, the more I learned about the history of the region, the more I kept thinking that I owed a great debt of gratitude to a person whose land I live on was determined as Japanese territory after tensions with Russia and whose life I am living as a Japanese citizen. It was a strange opportunity to be able to explore the person’s birthplace in the flesh.
I feel that I was even able to touch the simple humanity of his parents.

Upon entering the house, one is greeted by a spacious earthen floor space with a farmhouse-like “tataki” (earthen floor). Although this building was “relocated” from a distance of only 50 meters away, the ground surface, which has been painstakingly pried and stepped on, is richly expressive of human nature.
I was naturally drawn closer to the kamado. It is a space where parents prayed and continued to generate the power to nurture the life that was finally given to them. The kamado is a place that has continued to protect the life of the Mamiya family through the fundamental element of food, and this arouses a sense of awe in me.
Today, most people are born in maternity hospitals, but 200 or so decades ago, it was natural for women to give birth at home with the assistance of a midwife. This kamado must have served the purpose of the “birth bath” as well.
During the growth period of Rinzo Mamiya, from the age of 15 to 6, this kamado overwhelmingly ensured the growth of his personality and character through his food. The deep love of his parents is imprinted in this kamado space.
People are born, grow up, have hopes, and do useful things for others, but in such “reincarnation,” a dwelling quietly continues to provide a place to stand. It is a space that continues to give birth to a variety of personalities, as we are reminded even more deeply now.

Posted on 5月 17th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話 | No Comments »

【ロシアの侵略への国防意識沸騰期〜間宮林蔵生家-2】




間宮林蔵と言ってもイマドキの人にはそう「響かない」ようですね（笑）。まぁ当然でしょうか。間宮林蔵って誰さ？という反応が自然のようです。なので簡単な当時の世相の様子とかれ自身の幕府に出仕するまでの経歴・年表を以下に。
・1780年　常陸国筑波郡上平柳村の農家に生誕。家系は戦国期小田原の北条氏の家臣だった武家出自で秀吉の小田原攻めによってこの地に落ち延び，帰農したという。
・1787年（８歳）このころ寺子屋通いをはじめる
・1792年（13歳）筑波山に登り立身出世を祈願　村の海老原庄右衛門から算術を習う
・1795年（16歳）堰工事で当地出張中の幕府普請役下条吉之助に土木算術への才を見出される。
・1798年　近藤重蔵、最上徳内らエトロフに渡り「大日本恵登呂府」の標柱を建てる。
というような時代背景とかれ自身の経歴の概要。のちに北海道島・樺太島の測量探索に向かい今日にまで世界地図に名を残す「間宮海峡」を発見し、対ロシアの欧米世界的世論に対して日本人ここにありと強く存在感を示すことになる。
江戸期の幕府中枢では世界情勢に対し詳細な情勢把握が行われていたことが近年、あきらかにされてきている。幕府が開国を決断しその対手として独裁国家ロシアなどではなくアメリカを選択したのも、世界情勢への深い洞察を持っていたことを証すのだとされてきている。
基本的には英米を対話相手にしてロシアの侵略と戦わねばならないと正しく認識していた。後の日露戦争時の「日英同盟」に至る日本としての世界戦略。こうした国際認識に基づいて幕府は北海道島をもって日本国土防衛の最重要地域として外交と軍事戦略を練っていた。そういう中で幕府としては、民間から多くの有意な理工系人材のリクルート活動を行っていたと思える。
算術を基礎に勉学に勤しみ神童と評価が高かった間宮林蔵は、16歳でスカウトされて江戸に出仕し、国土北辺の緊張する対ロシア情勢の中に身を投じていく。
今日でもウクライナ侵略行為を平然と行う無法国家ロシアの危険性。この暴虐な覇権主義国家に対して日本人の国土防衛意識は高まっていった。間宮林蔵などの有為な民間人の登用というカタチで幕府は危機に対応していたといえる。当時の世界でも英米を中心とする国家群は、ロシアに対して危険視し、それをどう封じ込めるかに戦略的に対応していた。
日本が他のアジア国家とはまったく違う国際認識を持ち、厳しいロシアの軍事侵略姿勢に対して、より自由主義的な英米の側に自らの立場を確立していったことは、今日にまで通底している。
国防の基本は冷静な国土の冷徹な地理的把握。対ロシアとの戦いにおいて「地の利」を得ることが大前提なのだ。北海道島が対ロシアの日本防衛の最前線という戦略方針はま異存がない。
日本の戦略確立に果たした間宮林蔵たちの冷静な国土地調査活動。とくに大陸と樺太が陸続きではないということは、世界中がその事実を戦略立案の基礎とした。
故郷の地で神童と謳われた少年・間宮林蔵の胸中はいかなるものだったのか、興味深い。

English version⬇

National Defense Awareness of Russian Aggression Boils Over – Rinzo Mamiya’s Birthplace – 2
As the basic composition of the world, the Russian state has always been an invasion danger state. What is happening now in Ukraine was correctly recognized as a crisis more than 200 years ago. …

It seems that saying “Rinzo Mamiya” does not “resonate” so well with people of today’s generation (laughs). (Laughter) Well, is it any wonder? Who is Rinzo Mamiya? It seems to be a natural reaction. So, here is a brief history and chronology of Rinzo Mamiya’s career up to the time he served in the Shogunate.
Born in 1780 in a farmhouse in Kamihirayanagi Village, Tsukuba County, Hitachi Province. His family was a vassal of the Hojo clan in Odawara during the Warring States period, and he returned to farming after Hideyoshi’s invasion of Odawara.
In 1787 (age 8), he started going to a temple school.
1792 (age 13): Climbed Mt. Tsukuba to pray for success in life, and learned arithmetic from Ebihara Shoemon in the village.
1795 (Age 16) Shimojo Kichinosuke, a shogunate contractor, discovered his talent for civil engineering and arithmetic during a trip to the area to work on a weir.
In 1798, Kondo Shigezo, Mogami Tokunai, and others traveled to Etorofu and erected the “Dai Nihon Etorofu” marker.
This is an overview of the background of the period and his own career. Later, he went on a surveying expedition to Hokkaido Island and Sakhalin Island, and discovered the Mamiya Strait, which remains on world maps to this day, and strongly demonstrated to the Western world opinion against Russia that the Japanese were here to stay.
In recent years, it has become clear that the central government of the Edo period (1603-1867) had a detailed grasp of world affairs. The Shogunate’s decision to open the country to the outside world and to choose the U.S. over the dictatorship of Russia as a countermeasure is considered to be evidence of its deep insight into world affairs.
Basically, he correctly recognized that he had to fight against Russian aggression with Britain and the United States as dialogue partners. A global strategy as Japan that later led to the “Anglo-Japanese Alliance” during the Russo-Japanese War. Based on this international recognition, the Shogunate was developing diplomatic and military strategies for the defense of Japan’s land on the island of Hokkaido as the most important region. Under such circumstances, the Shogunate seems to have been recruiting many talented scientists and engineers from the private sector.
Rinzo Mamiya, who was highly regarded as a child prodigy for his studies in arithmetic, was scouted at the age of 16 and sent to Edo (Tokyo), where he threw himself into the tense situation in the northern part of Japan in relation to Russia.
The danger of Russia, a lawless nation that even today carries out acts of aggression against Ukraine with impunity. The Japanese people became increasingly aware of the need to defend their land against this tyrannical hegemonic state. The Shogunate responded to the crisis in the form of the appointment of talented civilians such as Rinzo Mamiya. At the time, the world’s nations, led by Britain and the U.S., viewed Russia as a danger and strategically responded to contain it.
The fact that Japan had a completely different international perception from other Asian nations and established its own position on the side of the more liberal Britain and the U.S. in response to Russia’s harsh military aggression stance is still prevalent today.
The basis of national defense is a calm and dispassionate geographical grasp of the country. Gaining a “geographical advantage” in the fight against Russia is a prerequisite. I have no objection to the strategic policy that Hokkaido Island is the front line of Japan’s defense against Russia.
The calm land survey activities of Mamiya Rinzo and his group played a key role in establishing Japan’s strategy. In particular, the fact that the continent and Sakhalin Island were not connected by land was used by the world as the basis for strategic planning.
It is interesting to see what was going through the mind of Rinzo Mamiya, a boy who was hailed as a child prodigy in his homeland.

Posted on 5月 16th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

【北海道に魂を残す先人住宅探訪〜間宮林蔵生家-1】




少年期、北海道で学校教育を受けはじめたときから、間宮林蔵とか伊能忠敬、松浦武四郎とかの人物名がいわば先験的に染み込んできていた。たしかに学校教育でその名を教えられたのだろうけれど、北海道に生まれ育った人間からすると強い直接感を持っていた。
けっしてかれらは他人ではなく、自分たちはその魂のようなものの末裔なのだという意識。北海道という地域意識を日本人に根底的に認識させた巨人のような先人意識があった。たぶん教育者のみなさん、少年教育に携わっていただいた先生たちの多くの魂を揺さぶっていたということなのでしょう。それが多感な少年期のわたしたちにも「染みわたって」いたのだと思う。
ロシアによるウクライナ侵略というおぞましい事態が発生して以来、こういう意識が自分自身の底の部分から湧き上がってくる感覚があった。そういう先人のひとり、間宮林蔵さんの「生家」というのが茨城県つくば市近郊にあり公開されているという。たまたま出張の用務先の近くでもあったので、自分自身の少年期の感覚と現実の間で、いわば魂の部分での探究ということで訪ねてみた。
もうとっくの昔に死んだ人間だけれど、現地に近づくにつれて「なつかしさ」の感情に満たされていって仕方なかった。少年期に感じていた人物像が意識下にあって、そのはるかな記憶領域がいまはノスタルジックな雰囲気をまとって脳内に存在しているに違いない。人間の意識構造、その歴史的な生成プロセスの領域部分でも強い興味がジワジワと湧き上がっていた。自分自身でも予期せぬ心理。
間宮林蔵の彫像が、かれの生まれた家に向き合って立っていた。
住宅という人間環境領域でながく仕事してきた人間として、このような配置関係で迫られることはまことに多くの気付きを仕掛けられてくる気がした。そうなのだ、人間はその生まれ育った空間環境に対して無限のノスタルジーを刷り込まれるのだ。いわば魂魄だけに還元された間宮林蔵さんは、ただわが家を見つめ続けている。「そこでどんな思いがかれのなかで生起するのだろうか」と、自然に強い興味関心がわたし自身の中に湧き上がってくる。
まるで住宅取材のような生々しい興味関心が盛り上がって、間宮林蔵さんと対話しながら、その生まれ育った住宅の細部を観察させられることになった。ふだん、いろいろな人と住宅の関わりを取材してきた人間として、バーチャルリアリティ感覚でそんな架空の設定が出来上がっていった。

English version⬇

Exploration of the Predecessor’s House that Preserves the Soul of Hokkaido – Rinzo Mamiya’s House of Birth – 1
Rinzo Mamiya was a late-Edo period ancestor who achieved an accurate understanding of the geography of the island of Hokkaido. As a local resident, this is a unique experience like visiting the residence of a benefactor. …

Since I began my schooling in Hokkaido as a young boy, the names of people such as Rinzo Mamiya, Tadataka Ino, and Takeshiro Matsuura had been ingrained in my mind a priori, so to speak. Although the names may have been taught in schooling, they had a strong sense of immediacy for someone who was born and raised in Hokkaido.
They were not strangers to us, and we felt that we were descended from their souls. They were like giants who made the Japanese people fundamentally aware of the regional consciousness of Hokkaido. Perhaps this is what shook the souls of many of the educators and teachers who were involved in the education of boys. I believe that it “seeped” into us as impressionable boys.
Ever since the horrific events of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, I have felt this kind of awareness rising up from the depths of my own being. One of his predecessors, Rinzo Mamiya’s birthplace is located in the suburbs of Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and is open to the public. As it happened to be near where I was on a business trip, I decided to visit the house to explore the space between my own boyhood and the reality of my life, the part of my soul, so to speak.
Although I am a person who has long since passed away, as I approached the site, I couldn’t help but be filled with feelings of nostalgia. The image of the person I had felt in my boyhood was under my consciousness, and the far-off memory area must now exist in my brain with a nostalgic atmosphere. I was also slowly becoming interested in the structure of human consciousness and its historical generative process. A psychology unexpected even to myself.
A statue of Rinzo Mamiya stood facing the house where he was born.
As someone who has worked for a long time in the human-environmental field of housing, I felt that being confronted with this kind of arrangement was a real challenge to my awareness. Yes, human beings are imprinted with unlimited nostalgia for the spatial environment in which they were born and raised. Rinzo Mamiya, reduced, so to speak, to his spirit, simply continues to gaze at his home. I naturally felt a strong interest in the house, wondering what kind of thoughts and feelings were arising in his mind.
This interest, which was as vivid as that of a residential interview, led me to observe the details of the house where Rinzo Mamiya was born and raised, while conversing with him. As a person who has usually covered the relationship between various people and their homes, I was able to create such an imaginary setting with a sense of virtual reality.

Posted on 5月 15th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅取材＆ウラ話 | No Comments »

【積丹半島西北端・幌武意稲荷神社にて】




きのうで今回の出張の要件は無事終了。ブログで毎日の総歩数を記載しましたが、結局昨日が最大値でなんと16,459歩。朝５時過ぎから夜20時過ぎまで、年を顧みずあちこち行脚して、すっかり足は棒を通り越して、巨木化しておりました（笑）。でも、動ける内に動き回って行動する、移動こそが人間という動物種の本性なのではないかと思います。
まずは得られた情報などを整理整頓して、今後の活動に活かしていきたい。ただし、それは本日帰宅後からの作業というところであります。
で、本日の記事は前回までの北海道内、積丹半島紀行より。日本人社会では神社仏閣はその地域ネットワークの中枢を占め続けてきた。どんな鄙にもその地で構成された人間交流の痕跡が感じられるもの。ということで、こちらの写真の「幌武意稲荷神社」であります。
積丹半島は切り立った岩礁がそのまま日本海に接している地形が特徴。半島をぐるっと道路で繋ぐように、開拓期以来取り組んできたけれど、神威岬を回り込んでそこから北東に位置するこの場所にはさすがの道路開削努力も尽きてしまっている。そんな海岸線にぽつんとある漁港の高台に、この神社はあります。
神社からは「東しゃこたん漁協」の港が見下ろせる。積丹ブルーの美しい海が迎えてくれる。漁業と神さまの関係では「稲荷」信仰は比較的に多数派。で、境内に独特の石碑を発見した。

「庚申（こうしん）」とある庚申信仰とは中国道教の説く「三尸説（さんしせつ）」をもとに仏教、特に密教・神道・修験道・呪術的な医学や、日本の民間のさまざまな信仰（民間信仰）や習俗などが複雑に絡み合った複合信仰とされている。この地に漁業資源採取での生存戦略で入植した人びとが、その出自の社会の伝統的価値感を移植したのに違いないけれど、碑の上部には「日と月」とおぼしきデザイン刻印が施されていて、目を惹き付けられた。謎かけで訪問者にアピールする魂胆か（笑）。
どうもわたしはこういう先人の遊び心、というか、まじないのような投企的な心理に抗いがたいものを感じさせられる。
いまのところ、ファンタジーがアタマのなかで湧き上がり続けていて収拾がついていない。いかにも神社の石碑としてのローカリズム訴求を素直に受け入れている。この近くの日帰り温泉施設にはよく通ってきているので、これからの人生時間、こういう先人の謎かけと共生しながら、考え続けるのも悪くないかなと、ひとりごちしております（笑）。なにか、情報をお持ちの方のアドバイスも期待いたします。よろしく。

English version⬇

At Horomui-inari Shrine in the northwestern tip of Shakotan Peninsula
The spirit of the people who survived by fishing and built a foundation in Shakotan, Hokkaido. This is a monument of the Kushin faith that bears their spirit. It is human nature to continue to ponder the spirit of those people. The monument is a symbol of the spirit of the people of Shakotan, Hokkaido.

The requirements for this business trip ended successfully yesterday. I mentioned in my blog the total number of steps I took every day, and the function ended up being the maximum value, with a whopping 16,459 steps. From 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., I went from place to place with no regard for my age, and my legs had passed the stick stage and turned into giant trees (laugh). (Laughs.) But I think it is in the nature of the animal species called human beings to move around and take action while we can move.
First of all, I would like to organize the information and other information obtained and make use of it in future activities. However, that is something I will be working on after I return home today.
Today’s article is from the Shakotan Peninsula in Hokkaido. In Japanese society, shrines and temples have continued to occupy a central role in the local network. Any remote place shows traces of the human interaction that has been structured in the area. So, this is the Horomui-inari Shrine in the photo here.
The Shakotan Peninsula is characterized by its steep reefs bordering the Sea of Japan. Since the pioneering period, efforts have been made to connect the peninsula with a road, but the efforts to open a road around Cape Kamui and to the northeast of the peninsula have been exhausted. The shrine is located on the hill of a fishing port on the coastline.
The shrine overlooks the harbor of the “Higashi Shakotan Fishing Cooperative. The beautiful Shakotan blue sea welcomes you. Inari” belief is comparatively majority in the relationship between fishery and gods. So, I found a unique stone monument in the precincts of the shrine.

The Geng-shin faith, which is described as “Geng-shin”, is a composite faith based on the Chinese Taoist theory of the three living creatures, which is a complex combination of Buddhism, especially esoteric Buddhism, Shinto, Shugendo, and magical medicine, and various Japanese folk beliefs (folk beliefs) and customs. The traditional values of the society of origin must have been transplanted by the people who settled here as a survival strategy in the extraction of fishery resources, but the design engraving on the top of the monument, which appears to be “sun and moon,” caught my attention. I wondered if it was an attempt to appeal to visitors with a riddle (laugh).
I am fascinated by the playful, or rather, spell-like, scheming mind of our forefathers.
At the moment, fantasies keep bubbling up in my mind, and I have not been able to settle them. I am accepting the appeal of localism as a stone monument of a shrine. Since I have been frequenting the nearby day spa facility, I am thinking to myself that it would not be a bad idea to spend the rest of my life thinking in symbiosis with the riddles of my ancestors (laugh). I am looking forward to your advice if you have any information. Thank you in advance.

Posted on 5月 14th, 2023 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: こちら発行人です | No Comments »

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