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【1457年・和人武装勢力とコシャマインの戦い-1】




 わたしはこれまで北海道の歴史については、基本的に明治以降の北海道開拓と日本社会からの殖民、そのための最大のテーマであった「日本住宅技術の寒冷対応」ということが基本認識でいた。
 たぶんこのことは住宅に関連する人間であれば自然なことだろうと思います。
 しかし住宅の基本的な目的には「人間の暮らしのイレモノ」という祖型がある以上、この地で連綿と続けられた人間のドラマにも深く興味を抱かせられる。以前から気になっていたとはいえ、北海道の中でもやや特異な歴史をたどってきた道南・函館地区について、その日本と蝦夷地の混淆したような雰囲気について、ひとつの手掛かりとして道南十二館探索はあるように思っています。
 従来こういう北海道島先史については、いくつかの著書もある高校の後輩という瀬川拓郎さんを導きとして得てきていたのですが、今回違う経緯から「志苔館」現地を探訪し、そこでの函館市の調査記録など物証も確認できる資料類から道南十二館について強く惹かれてしまったのですね。
 言うまでもなくこの道南十二館という和人の武装勢力とアイヌ社会とが先鋭に対立したのが「コシャマインの戦い」。この「志苔館」の城下町的な集落地域で営業していた和人の鍛冶屋が、注文主であるアイヌの少年と品質と値段について口論の末に刺殺してしまった(1456年)。少年はこの志苔館の近くのアイヌ人集落コタンの首長の子であったという。
 この事件について、当然アイヌ人社会全体がその憤りを共有することになる。
 まず、件の鍛冶屋村が襲われ女子供問わずに虐殺された。その後、政庁である志苔館までもが攻撃されている。同年の秋にはいったん停戦していたが、それはアイヌ社会側の「秋の狩猟期」停戦だったという。
 翌年(1457年)長万部周辺のコタンの首長で東部アイヌの「大族長」であったコシャマインを総大将としたアイヌ同盟軍が蜂起、東部アイヌ4千余、北部アイヌ2千余、西部アイヌ3千余の合計1万の兵力で南下して志苔館に襲い掛かったとされている。
 こういった事実から、1456-1457年当時のアイヌ人社会の状況の一端を推測することが可能。
 アイヌ側から見れば、道南地域に次々と勢力を拡大する和人勢力は、交易においてその対手であることが非常に重要な要素。発展する中世日本社会からは実にさまざまな交易品がアイヌ社会にもたらされていたことだろう。白黒フィルム映像でアイヌの結婚式記録を観たことがあるが、そこでは花嫁花婿が「米の飯を腹一杯食べる」という儀式があった。コメは非農耕民であるかれらには富の象徴であることは自明。
 アイヌの生活様式全般にわたって、日本社会との交易が「基盤」を構成していた状況があったに違いない。そういった対手と本格的に先端を開くには、非常な決断があったのだろうと思われる。
<以下、あしたへつづく>

English version⬇

The Japanese Armed Forces “Dounanjukan” and the Battle of Koshamain-1
The incident at the Shikokan castle townhouse in 1456, in which an altercation over a minor business transaction led to a stabbing to death, sparked the anger of the broader Ainu community. …

My basic understanding of Hokkaido’s history up to now has been the development of Hokkaido and its colonization by Japanese society after the Meiji period (1868-1912) and the “cold adaptation of Japanese housing technology,” which was the greatest theme for the development of Hokkaido.
 Perhaps this is natural for anyone related to housing.
 However, as long as the basic purpose of housing has the ancestral type of “iremono of human life,” I am deeply interested in the human drama that has been continued in this area. Although I have been curious about the Donan-Hakodate area, which has had a somewhat unique history even within Hokkaido, I believe that the exploration of the Donan Twelve Halls is one clue to the mixed atmosphere of Japan and the Ezo region.
 I had been guided in my research on the prehistory of Hokkaido Island by Takuro Segawa, a high school junior who has written several books on the subject, but this time I visited the Shikokan site for a different reason, and was strongly drawn to the Twelve Municipal Buildings of Southern Hokkaido by the physical evidence from Hakodate’s research records and other materials that were available there.
 Needless to say, the “Battle of Koshamain” was a sharp confrontation between the Japanese armed forces of the Twelve Dōnamikan and the Ainu community. A Japanese blacksmith operating in the castle-like settlement area of Shikokan stabbed an Ainu boy, the owner of the order, to death after an argument with him about quality and price (1456). The boy was the son of the chief of Kotan, an Ainu settlement near Shikokan.
 Naturally, the entire Ainu community shared the outrage over this incident.
 First, the blacksmith village in question was attacked and women and children alike were massacred. Later, even Shikokan, the government office, was attacked. In the fall of the same year, there was a truce, but it was an “autumn hunting season” truce on the part of the Ainu community.
 The following year (1457), an allied Ainu army led by Koshama’in, the chief of the Kotan around Chōmangu and the “Great Chief” of the Eastern Ainu, rose up and attacked Shikokan with a total of 10,000 men, including more than 4,000 Eastern Ainu, 2,000 Northern Ainu, and 3,000 Western Ainu, moving southward.
 From these facts, it is possible to infer a part of the situation of the Ainu community at the time of 1456-1457.
 From the Ainu point of view, the Japanese power expanding its influence in the southern area of Hokkaido was a very important factor in trade with the Ainu. The developing medieval Japanese society must have brought a wide variety of trade goods to the Ainu society. I once saw a black-and-white film of an Ainu wedding ceremony in which the bride and groom ate a full meal of rice. It is obvious that rice is a symbol of wealth for the Ainu, who are non-agricultural people.
 The Ainu’s entire way of life must have been based on trade with Japanese society. It must have been a very difficult decision for the Ainu to open up a full-fledged frontier with their counterparts in Japan.
<Continue to the next page.

 

【志苔館館主・中世南朝「小林氏」解明へ賛同の声】



 昨日、ようやく環境にやや落ち着きが出たので、懸案になっていた「道南十二館・志苔館」の小林氏についての論考を再開した。予定があってカミさんと十勝へ往復することになっていたので、大急ぎになってしまって文章の「校正」までとてもできず、わかりにくい点もあり要旨だけ書いたようなことだったのですが、末尾に「北海道が舞台になる日本中世史、当事者側意識も刺激されるので、興味を持って忍耐強く探究したいと思っております。読者のみなさんからも情報があれば、ぜひお教えください。」と呼びかけたところ、多くのみなさんからご賛同いただき、多くの情報をいただいた。以下、主なものを上げてみたい。(一応仮名にしています。)
 ①まず今回の道南十二館シリーズに応援メッセージをいただいていた秋田の建築家・Nさん。
「中世に西出羽・西津軽・渡島半島を支配した蝦夷(エゾ)管領の安東氏(安藤氏)は蝦夷(エミシ)奥州藤原氏の流れにあります。その一族の150年にわたった本拠地の大規模な館が私がいる能代にあります。檜山安東氏(安藤氏)です。中世からとんで幕末の蝦夷(エゾ)の陣屋も興味があります。」〜わたしのきのうの記事では奥州藤原氏と安藤氏は「関連がある」というようにぼかしていましたが、内心としてはまったく同意。北海道島人にとって秋田県北部地域は、実際に各地を歩いてみて、どうもある意味で「マザー」の雰囲気が強いと感じています。
 ②つづいてAさんから。「奥州藤原氏征伐には明確な大義名分が見当たらない気がします。大軍を組織するには たとえフェイクや言いがかりであっても大義名分が必要。」という歴史事実への怒りの一発。まったくその通りですが、関東武士団というのは巨大な私設暴力集団であって十分な倫理意識は醸成されていなかった段階。まぁ歴史はあるがまま受け取るしかないかと。
 ③いつも貴重なご意見コメントをいただくS.Nさんからは
「中世は物流とその安全を担保する警察(軍事)の時代でもある。平安末期に禁裏公家との妥協で生まれた国家警察たる鎌倉政権は、承久の変を経て確固たるものとなったかのように見えた。しかし元寇後、御恩奉公の原則が破綻すると荘園領主や幕府の支配が動揺し、従来の枠組みに対抗する悪党が登場した。悪党は武家社会を鎌倉的な中央集権的な枠組みから室町的・戦国的な群雄割拠の枠組みへと変容させるにあたって重要な役割を果たす。志苔館の小林氏もそういった悪党が交易・運輸の活動の場を求めて京から離れた陸奥・蝦夷で一旗あげたということではないかと想像する。」という長文の私説を開示いただいた。
 これは非常にユニークな視点、中世の「元寇(1274年・1281年)後の武家心理」から「悪党」の発生を見て、そういった視点から南北朝対立(1336〜1392年)の状況を俯瞰する視点。
 確かにわれわれ現代人は、社会制度とか体制が確立している、そのなかで人は生きるという先入観念にとらわれるけれど、このような社会の雰囲気の中で中世武士の「婆娑羅」心理にも通じるような行動原理がかれらの中にあった可能性も高いと思わされた。
 またそのほか、滋賀民俗学会理事 城郭研究家のHHさんなどから「応援」コールも寄せられていました。みなさん多少の誤記や校正未了の件については受忍していただいて(笑)、そんな枝葉末節よりも「中世北海道島と武士団」という根本的な問題提起、解明すべきポイントについて同意・応援の気持ちを示されたものと感激していました。現地での体験記憶をベースに今後もすこしづつ牛歩してみたいと思います。みなさんありがとうございます。

English version⬇

Shikokukan Kankeishi, Medieval Southern Court “Kobayashi Clan” Clarification, Supporting Voices
The medieval island of Hokkaido and the fluctuations of the Japanese samurai ruling system. As a Hokkaido-er, I feel that my relationship with Japanese history has deepened by about 800 years. …

Yesterday, when things finally calmed down a bit, I resumed my long-awaited essay on Mr. Kobayashi of the “Donan Jujikan/Shikokan”. Since I had to go back and forth to Tokachi with my wife due to our schedule, I was in a great hurry and could not even “proofread” the text, so I wrote only the gist of the article due to some points that were difficult to understand. I would like to explore it with interest and patience. If you, the readers, have any information, please let me know. Many of you agreed and we received a lot of information. The following is a list of the main ones. (I have used pseudonyms in case you are interested.)
 First of all, Mr. N., an architect from Akita, who sent us a message of support for the “Twelve Buildings in Southern Hokkaido” series.
First of all, Mr. N., an architect from Akita, who sent us a message of support for our series on the Twelve Buildings of Donan: “The Ando clan of the Ezo clan, who ruled the Western Izu, Western Tsugaru, and Watari Peninsula in the Middle Ages, are descended from the Oshu Fujiwara clan of the Ezo clan. The family’s large mansion, which was their headquarters for 150 years, is located in Noshiro, where I am located. It is the Hiyama Ando clan (Ando clan). I am also interested in the camps of the Ezo clan in the Middle Ages and the end of the Edo period. 〜I agree with you, although my article yesterday blurred the connection between the Oshu Fujiwara and Ando clans as if they were “related”. I have actually walked around the northern part of Akita Prefecture, and I feel that the area has a strong “mother” atmosphere for Hokkaido Islanders in some sense.
 Next, we have Mr. A. I don’t think there is a clear cause for the conquest of the Fujiwara clan in Oshu. To organize a large army, you need a cause, even if it is a fake or false accusation. This is a shot of anger at the historical facts. This is absolutely true, but the Kanto Bushidan was a huge private violent group that had not yet developed a sufficient sense of ethics. I think we have to accept history as it is.
 Mr. S.N., who always gives us valuable comments and opinions, wrote
The medieval period was also the era of logistics and the police (military) that ensured its security. The Kamakura regime, which was born at the end of the Heian period as a national police force through a compromise with the court nobles of the Forbidden Imperial Palace, seemed to have been firmly established after the Jokyu Incident. However, after the Genko Incident, the collapse of the principle of goenbougo (gratitude and devotion) upset the rule of manorial lords and the shogunate, and rogue elements emerged to challenge the traditional framework. Rogue clans played an important role in the transformation of samurai society from a centralized Kamakura-style framework to a Muromachi and Sengoku-style framework of rivalry among warring factions. I imagine that Mr. Kobayashi of Shikokan was one such scoundrel who, in search of a place to engage in trading and transportation activities, established himself in Mutsu and Emishi, far from Kyoto. This is a very unique point of view.
 This is a very unique viewpoint, a viewpoint that looks at the emergence of “rogues” from the medieval “samurai psychology after the Genko (1274/1281),” and from such a viewpoint looks at the situation of the conflict between the Northern and Southern Dynasties (1336-1392) from a bird’s eye view.
 It is true that we modern people have a preconceived notion that people live within an established social system, but it is highly possible that the medieval samurai had a principle of action in this social atmosphere that could be understood as a “basara” psychology.
 In addition, we received “support” calls from Mr. HH, a castle researcher and director of the Shiga Folklore Society, and others. I was thrilled that everyone accepted the slight errors and incomplete proofreading (laugh) and expressed their agreement and support for the fundamental issue of “medieval Hokkaido Island and warrior groups” and the points to be clarified, rather than such trivial details. I would like to continue to cowpoke a little more in the future based on my memories of my experiences in the area. Thank you all.

 

【1300年代末、南朝「上野国小林氏」志苔館へ】




 さてふたたび函館市の東側海岸線にある「志苔館」探訪記の続篇。
 この志苔館のさらに東側約10kmほどに明治になって造営された「石崎地主海神社」がある。この神社の「末社」というようなカタチで「御霊」神社が祀られていて、そこに志苔館の館主である小林氏の名前が記載されている。また、志苔館に関連して「道南十二館」の1456年当時の館主たちの名が、祭神として記載されている。
 この神社は明治の末年ころに比較的早くから北海道移住者が多かった「石崎」の地で、宮城県からの移住者が故地の神を祀ったとされている。そういう神社がなぜ志苔館・小林氏を祀るのかについてはよくわからなかった。というか、神社で由緒など質問させていただいたあとになって、上の写真の「御霊神社」をみつけたというところなのです。あとの祭り。
 ただ、志苔館現地では「慰霊碑」などが建っているのだけれど、その祭祀主催者としてこの神社名が記載されていたので、函館市による志苔館本格調査に際して、地神鎮撫の意味合いから、近接の神社が名乗りを上げてこのように末社まで造営したものだろうかと推測された。
 ただ、北海道の神社施設で一挙に歴史年代が800年も遡る末社というのは稀有。
 志苔館の館主一族の小林氏は、あまり資料はないけれど断片情報としては「上野国」が出自とされている。南北朝・室町幕府の頃、上野国守護の山名氏が上野国にいた鎌倉時代のころからの譜代の重臣として小林氏の名がある。山名氏が初めて守護に任ぜられた延元2年/建武4年(1337年)の山名時氏の伯耆守護補任の際に上野国を離れるとき、代理として守護職を預かった守護代が小林左京亮国範であったとされている。
 さて、上野国の「地場勢力」であった小林氏がどうしてこの蝦夷地の志苔館まで逃れ来たったのか。
 当時1300年代にはこの地域には津軽安藤氏がすでに勢力を持っていたなか、平和的にこの志苔館に入植したと思われる。
 上野国からいきなり北海道島への移住というのは非常に不可思議。
 ひとつの推理としては、鎌倉幕府成立時期に頼朝は奥州藤原氏を殲滅したけれど、それは「北方交易利権」というものに着目してのことだといわれる。事実幕府成立後、この大きな利権は北条家が独占していくことになる。
 そのなかで奥州藤原氏との関係も指摘される「安藤氏」と、幕府側としての上野・小林氏がなんらかのつながりを持っていた可能性。奥州遠征時、関東武士団は大挙して出兵したけれど、そういう「利権」への強い執着があったのではないか。
 北海道が舞台になる日本中世史、当事者側意識も刺激されるので、興味を持って忍耐強く探究したいと思っております。読者のみなさんからも情報があれば、ぜひお教えください。

English version⬇

[To the Shikokeikan of the “Kobayashi Clan of Ueno Province” of the Southern Dynasty at the end of the 1300s.
Traces of a medieval warrior clan, a rarity in Hokkaido. The traces of a medieval warrior clan, rare in Hokkaido, may be revealed little by little by exploring the vivid “interest structure”. ……

Once again, this is a continuation of my visit to Shikokan, located on the eastern coastline of Hakodate City.
 About 10 km further east of Shikokan is the Ishizaki Jishu Kaijinsha Shrine, which was built in the Meiji era (1868-1912). The “Goryo” shrine is enshrined in the form of a “branch shrine” of this shrine, and the name of Kobayashi, the owner of Shikokan, is written there. In addition, the names of the owners of the “Donan Twelve Halls” in 1456 are listed as deities in connection with the Shikokan.
 It is said that this shrine was built around the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) in “Ishizaki,” a place where many people emigrated to Hokkaido relatively early on, and that emigrants from Miyagi Prefecture enshrined the deity of the deceased’s hometown. It was not clear as to why such a shrine would worship the Shikokan and Kobayashi clans. It was only after I asked some questions about the shrine’s history that I found the “Goryo Shrine” in the photo above. It was too late.
 However, there is a “cenotaph” at the Shikokan site, and the name of this shrine was listed as the organizer of the rituals, so I assumed that when Hakodate City conducted a full-scale survey of Shikokan, a nearby shrine came forward and built a shrine to serve as a local deity.
 However, it is rare to find a shrine facility in Hokkaido with a history dating back 800 years all at once.
 The Kobayashi clan of the Shikokan family is said to have originated in “Ueno Province,” according to fragmentary information, although there is not much documentation available. The name of the Kobayashi clan has been known as an important vassal of the Yamana clan since the Kamakura period, when the Yamana clan was the guardian of Ueno Province during the Nanbokucho and Muromachi shogunate periods. When Yamana Toki left Ueno Province in 1337 (Engen 2/Kenmu 4), the first time the Yamana clan was appointed as a guardian of the province, Kobayashi Sakyo Ryo Kuninori was appointed as a deputy guardian.
 Why did the Kobayashi clan, a “local power” in Ueno Province, flee to Shikokendate in Ezo?
 It is thought that they settled peacefully in Shikokukan while the Tsugaru Ando clan was already in power in the region in the 1300s.
 The sudden migration from Ueno Province to Hokkaido Island is very strange.
 One theory is that Yoritomo’s extermination of the Oshu Fujiwara clan during the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate was based on his “northern trading interests. In fact, after the establishment of the Shogunate, this major interest was monopolized by the Hojo family.
 It is possible that the Ando clan, which is said to be related to the Oshu Fujiwara clan, had some kind of connection with the Ueno Kobayashi clan on the shogunate side. The Kanto samurai group went to war in large numbers during the Oshu expedition, but it is possible that they were strongly attached to such “interests”.
 I would like to explore with interest and patience the medieval history of Japan, which is set in Hokkaido, because it stimulates my awareness of the people involved. If you, the readers, have any information, please let me know.

【興福寺・阿修羅像をぜひ見たい!】


 連休の谷間でしたが、ふだんとちょっと違う環境だったので、ブログ執筆がさっぱりはかどらない。人間って環境によってメンタルは大きく左右されるものだと言うことを実感。
 そういうことなので、道南十二館の志苔館を中心とした探訪、シリーズ的にもうちょっと深掘りしたいのですが、なかなか集中力が蘇ってこない。たぶんあしたくらいには日常が復元してくると思うので、それから溜まっている執筆関係の仕事を含めて片付けたい。
 ということで、本日は軽めのテーマで興福寺・阿修羅像であります。
 写真は先日、2週間くらい前の関西行きでふと電車の中から見上げたら、電車額面広告でご尊顔を拝してしまった。3面の表情を持つ独特の阿修羅像。阿修羅像というと、荒々しい神格であるのに、この興福寺の像は、まさに美少年のこころの移ろいを年代ごとに表現といわれる。
 この写真の表情は青年期の、人生への決意を込めた表情とされています。
 この表情、人格性を阿修羅に仮託したこの像の依頼主、造像作家の思いというものを考えるとき、日本で仏教というものが根付いた根幹の部分にすら関わっていると思う。
 奈良県というと、最近はすっかり飛鳥や橿原、などの地域にどっぷりとハマり込んでしまっているので、興福寺にはしばらく行っていない。
 やはり久しぶりに同じ空気の中で、この像と対面させていただきたい。
 そういう思いが募ってきております。
 それにしても美少年と阿修羅という取り合わせの奥行きの深さには、本当にこころを鷲づかみされる思いが致します。

English version⬇

Kofuku-ji Temple, I really want to see the statue of Ashura!
The environment has changed so drastically in the past few days that it has been difficult for me to concentrate. I am sure I will be able to recover a little after today. I’ll try to keep the theme light…

It was during the trough of the consecutive holidays, but I was in a slightly different environment than usual, so I had no time to write my blog. I realized that people’s mentality is greatly affected by their environment.
 I would like to write a more in-depth series of articles on Shikokan and other places in the Twelve Villages of Donan, but I can’t seem to regain my concentration. I think my daily routine will probably be restored by tomorrow, and then I would like to get some things done, including the writing-related work that has been piling up.
 So, today’s theme is a lighter one, the Ashura statue at Kofukuji Temple.
 The photo is a unique statue of Ashura with three faces. The statue at Kofukuji is said to be a chronological representation of the changing heart of a beautiful young man.
 The expression on the face in this photo is said to be that of a young man in his youth, filled with determination for life.
 When I think about the thoughts of the artist who commissioned this statue, who entrusted this expression and personality to Ashura, I think that it is even related to the fundamental part of the roots of Buddhism in Japan.
 I have not been to Kofukuji Temple for a while, as I have recently been immersed in the Asuka and Kashihara areas of Nara Prefecture.
 I would still like to see the statue in the same atmosphere for the first time in a long while.
 Such a feeling is growing in me.
 The depth of the combination of the beautiful boy and Ashura really grabs my heart.

【北海道日高の早春、お馬の親子風景】


 先日、超早咲きで例年と比べて2週間近く早い満開を迎えた静内の二十間道路サクラ並木を見に行っていましたが、翌日にもその日の「忘れ物」事件があって、日高には2日間どっぷりと、その風景に魅了されていました。
 ということで写真の「お馬の親子」であります。
 明治の開拓期から北海道日高は、馬の生産という国策が推進されてきた。最初期は軍馬の生産ということだったのでしょうが、徐々に欧米と同様に競走馬の生産ということに軸足が移っていって、平和な目的に転化していった。若いときにはときどき競馬の馬券などを購入したりもしていましたが(笑)、いまはそういう趣味はない。
 そういう一般人にして見ると、このような親子の様子は、なによりも楽しい。
 自然と童謡の旋律がアタマのなかで再生されて、親子の情愛あふれる様子に深く癒され続けていました。
 一種の動物園と考えると、この日高の様子はまことにすばらしい。天真爛漫にふるまう子馬。あるいはとにかく母馬にしがみ続けている子馬。母馬たちはそれぞれ個性の違う子馬たちと、それぞれの対し方で愛情を与え続けている。
 加齢するほどに、母親への感謝の念というものが強くなってきている。ほとんど夢に見ることなどなかった母が、1年前ほどに突然夢の中にあらわれ、あまりの意外さに「かあさん、どうしたの?」と驚いていた記憶がある。
 そんなイキモノとしての共感が、こういう光景から湧き上がってならなかった。

English version⬇

Early spring in Hidaka, Hokkaido, a scene of a horse and its offspring.
At this time of year in Hidaka, newborn foals cling to their mothers. I continued to be deeply healed by the sight of parent and child in early spring. …

The other day, I was in Shizunai to see the Nijuma Road sakura trees, which were in full bloom super early, almost two weeks earlier than usual, and the next day, I had another “forgotten thing” incident that day, so I was in Hidaka for two days, immersed in the scenery and fascinated by it.
 So this is the “horse father and son” in the photo.
 Since the Meiji era (1868-1912), the national policy of horse production has been promoted in Hidaka, Hokkaido. In the beginning, it may have been for the production of military horses, but gradually the focus shifted to the production of racehorses, as in Europe and the United States, and turned to peaceful purposes. When I was young, I sometimes bought tickets for horse races (laughs), but I don’t have that kind of hobby now.
 For such an ordinary person, this kind of parent-child situation is most enjoyable.
 The melody of the nursery rhyme naturally replayed in my mind, and I continued to be deeply healed by the affection between the parent and child.
 If you think of Hidaka as a kind of zoo, it is truly wonderful. A pony behaving naively, or at any rate, clinging to its mother. Or a foal clinging to its mother. The mothers are giving their love to their foals, each with a different personality, in their own way.
 The older I get, the more I appreciate my mother. I remember that my mother, who I rarely saw in my dreams, suddenly appeared in a dream about a year ago and surprised me by saying, “Mom, what’s wrong? I remember being surprised.
 I couldn’t help but feel sympathy for her as such an immortal being.

【新建ハウジングWEB連載vol3「北海道住宅史」公開】


全国の工務店など、業界の「専門ジャーナリズム」としての新建ハウジングWEBにわたしが書いている連載記事の第3弾が公開されました。題して「進化のルーツをたどる 「北方型住宅ZERO」への道」であります。 https://www.s-housing.jp/archives/348123
 前回までは北海道住宅業界の住宅マーケティング的な「現在時点」として、世界から注目されてきている北海道ニセコのスキーリゾート開発で、それを先導してきた地域ビルダー・SUDOホームのビジネス発展の軌跡を掘り下げて見た次第。
 今回の3回目では、そもそもの北海道の住宅の歴史経緯を紹介してみた。
 起点を明治維新、民族としての北方の「国防」意識との連関にもとめてのもの。
 明治維新戦争の最後が「箱館戦争」であり、その将軍としての黒田清隆にスポットを当てて素描してみた次第です。そこからの日本の伝統的な住宅性能の革新の軌跡と最新の地域住宅基準「北方型住宅ZERO」までに至る道程。
 「高断熱高気密」という住宅革新のコアの技術要素について、なぜ北海道が全国を先導するような立場になってきたのか、その起点を探ってみた次第。リンクタグを付しましたので、ぜひ内容をご覧いただければ幸いです。

 北海道で住宅のメディアを作ってきた人間として、平行して20年近くこのブログを書き続けてきたワケですが、凡人にもできる最大のことは、継続。その間で気付いてきていたことは数多く、今回のわたしの環境変容に合わせて情報の整理整頓に取り組み始めています。
 ブログって、ちょっとオモシロい現代的なツールだと思います。日々のことを書き続ける一方で、少し深掘り的に自分の関与領域について思索していく、その経過が明確に遺されていく。
 百科事典や辞書、そして大量の資料書籍などに常に参照しながら書く、という昔人の環境とはかなり変容してきている。
 なにより書き込むのはパソコンというツールであり、辞書もデータ化され、しかもWEB検索なども活用出来る。「執筆」という環境の変容ぶりはまったく人類の巨大進化レベル。
 「移動」と対比すれば、歩行とクルマ移動くらいの違いがある。
 この人類的変容のごく初期の環境の中で、ブログを書き続けてきていることになる。
 その整理整頓に取り組んでみて、自分自身でもこれはなかなかのヘビー級作業。
 一応、毎日更新はほぼ途切れていないので7,000件近い文書データ量。とりあえず「どんなこと書いてきたっけ?」と全件一覧チェックから始めてみて、途切れ途切れとはいえ、もう2ヶ月近く経ってようやく3/4程度チェックできた段階。一種の「未踏」感があって、ワクワクしますが、疲労感もハンパありません(泣)。頑張るぞ、っと。

English version⬇

Shinken Housing WEB Serialization vol.3 “Hokkaido Housing History” Published
The “performance improvement” motive is raised from the viewpoint of “history” in a magazine specialized in the housing construction industry. The Hakodate War, the last of the Meiji Restoration, also makes an appearance. Please check it out.

The third installment of a series of articles I have been writing for Shinken Housing Web, a “specialized journalism” for construction firms and other industries nationwide, has been published. The title of the article is “Tracing the Roots of Evolution: The Road to ‘Northern Style Housing Zero’.
 In the previous installments, I have delved into the business development of SUDO HOME, a regional builder that has been leading the development of a ski resort in Niseko, Hokkaido, which has been attracting attention from around the world, as a “current point in time” in terms of housing marketing in the Hokkaido housing industry.
 In this third installment, we will introduce the history of housing in Hokkaido.
 The starting point is the Meiji Restoration and its relation to the northern people’s sense of “national defense” as an ethnic group.
 The last of the wars of the Meiji Restoration was the “Hakodate War,” and I have focused on Kiyotaka Kuroda as the shogun of the Hakodate War. From there, the history of innovation in traditional Japanese housing performance and its path to the latest regional housing standard, “Northern Style Housing ZERO”.
 We have also explored the origins of the core technological element of housing innovation, “high thermal insulation and airtightness,” and how Hokkaido came to lead the nation in this area. We have added a link tag to this page, so we hope you enjoy the contents.

As someone who has created media for housing in Hokkaido, I have been writing this blog for nearly 20 years, and the greatest thing an ordinary person can do is continue. I have noticed many things during that time, and I am beginning to reorganize my information in accordance with the changes in my environment.
 I think blogging is a somewhat interesting and modern tool. While I continue to write about my day-to-day life, I can also delve a little deeper into my areas of involvement and leave a clear record of my progress.
 The environment has changed considerably from that of people in the past, who wrote while constantly referring to encyclopedias, dictionaries, and a large number of reference books.
 The computer is now the tool of choice for writing, and dictionaries have been converted to data and can be searched on the Internet. The transformation of the “writing” environment is on the level of the huge evolution of the human race.
 If we compare it to “transportation,” the difference is about the same as the difference between walking and driving.
 I have been writing this blog in the very early stage of human transformation.
 I have been trying to organize it, and this is quite a heavyweight task for me.
 In case you are wondering, the amount of document data is nearly 7,000 entries since the daily updates are almost uninterrupted. At first, I started by checking the list of all the documents and asked myself, “What have I written?” I started by checking the list of all the documents, and even though it was intermittent, I was finally able to check about 3/4 of them after almost two months. It is exciting to have a kind of “unexplored” feeling, but it is also very tiring. I’m going to keep working hard.
 
 

【15世紀「北前交易」物証「大甕・古銭」/函館・志苔館】


1968年になって志苔館下の国道278号線の拡幅工事で、3つの大甕に入れられた膨大な量の古銭が見つかった。古銭はその相当部分が出土後に盗難にあったとされるけれど、残った枚数だけでも37万4千枚にものぼり、これは日本国内で1ヶ所からまとまって発見された古銭としては過去最多の記録的な量。この出土古銭について科学的な解析が進められた。
 容器の大甕は室町時代前期から中期の製造で2つは福井県の越前古窯、もう1つは石川県能登半島の珠洲窯ということ。そしてこの1文銭は室町時代の貨幣価値では現在のおおむね100円に相当するとされるので、37,400,000円相当となる。盗難された分を加えて考えれば1億円程度が埋蔵されていたか。
 そのほとんどは中国からの渡来銭で全体の85%という。貨幣としての流通機能としては、渡来であろうが国産であろうが出自は問わずに流通していただろう。現代でもわれわれはいちいちの個体の「製造年代」を気にしたりはしないで流通させている。埋蔵された時期はおおむね14世紀の段階でと年代特定もされているとのこと。発見された古銭は国指定重要文化財として市立函館博物館に展示されている。
 こうした古銭の流通を考えれば、当然、他の地域との「交易」決済手段が考えられる。当時の北海道島内部で、そうした古銭が大きく流通するという経済発展は考えられない。主要な流通はやはり大甕の生産地域・北陸地域との「北前交易」が考えられる。昨日まで触れたように、志苔館側のコンブと地域アイヌ社会との交易品である鮭が北海道島側の交易産品で、北陸側からはさまざまな生活用品、コメなどの食料品などが考えられる。一方、アイヌ社会は前述のように鮭の交易もあっただろうが、道南地域の地場のアイヌの人びとはコンブ漁などの使役労働力として賃金労働に従事したことが推測される。
 さらに志苔館周辺で1456年に勃発した「コシャマインの戦い」の発端になったといわれるアイヌの少年と、和人の鍛冶屋との間での口論・殺傷事件が想起される。鍛冶屋は不満を言ったアイヌの有力者の子どもを問答無用と刺殺してしまったのだという。
 この事件はアイヌの少年が発注した小刀(マキリ)の品質と価格を巡って発生した。ということはアイヌの社会にも一定の貨幣経済の浸透があったと言える。要するに「高い、安い」という価値判断が常態化していたことになる。もちろん和人側がほぼ価格決定を独占していて、アイヌの側としては和人の「言いなり」で価格決定される経済実態があったのだろう。塩鮭などは生産流通をアイヌが押さえていただろうけれど、圧倒的多数の生活用具の流通・価格決定は和人が独占していた。
 こうした背景状況のなかで、道南十二館の併存的権力状況が「コシャマインの戦い」によって再編成され道南地域での松前藩支配体制が固まり、近世までの北海道島の政治権力状況が出現していく。

English version ⬇

A large jar of old coins, evidence of 15th century trade with the northern frontier / Shinoridate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
The large jar of old coins excavated from the site reveals the trade with Hokuriku and the actual monetary society of medieval Hokkaido Island. And eventually to the Battle of Koshamain. The battle of Koshamain.

In 1968, during the widening of Route 278 under Shikokan, an enormous amount of old coins were found in three large jars. Although a significant portion of the coins were reportedly stolen after they were unearthed, the number of coins remaining alone amounted to 374,000, which is the largest number ever found in Japan in one location in one place. Scientific analysis of the unearthed coins was conducted.
 Two of the large jars were made in the early to mid Muromachi period, one at the Echizen Kiln in Fukui Prefecture and the other at the Suzu Kiln on the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture. And since this 1-bun sen is said to be equivalent to roughly 100 yen today in terms of Muromachi period currency value, it is worth 37,400,000 yen. If the stolen coins are added to the total, the total amount of 100 million yen is estimated to have been buried in the kiln.
 Most of the coins are said to have come from China, accounting for 85% of the total. As a coin in circulation, it would have circulated regardless of its origin, whether it was imported or domestically produced. Even today, we do not pay attention to the “date of manufacture” of each individual coin. The date of the burial has been determined to be roughly in the 14th century. The discovered coins are on display at the Hakodate Museum as nationally designated important cultural properties.
 Considering the circulation of such old coins, it is natural to think of “trade” with other regions as a means of settlement. It is unlikely that such a large circulation of old coins was an economic development in Hokkaido Island at that time. The main distribution is thought to have been “Hokusen trade” with the Hokuriku region, the area where large jars were produced. As mentioned yesterday, kelp from the Shikokan side and salted salmon, a product of trade with the local Ainu community, were the trade products of the Hokkaido Island side, while various daily commodities, rice and other foodstuffs from the Hokuriku side were considered. On the other hand, the Ainu society probably traded in salted salmon, as mentioned above, but it is assumed that the local Ainu people in the southern Hokkaido region engaged in wage labor as laborers, such as kelp fishermen.
 In addition, we can recall the altercation and killing incident between an Ainu boy and a Japanese blacksmith, which is said to have triggered the “Battle of Koshamain,” which broke out in 1456 in the Shikokan area. The blacksmith stabbed the child of an influential Ainu leader to death without question when he complained.
 This incident occurred over the quality and price of a small sword (makiri) ordered by an Ainu boy. This means that the Ainu society also had a certain degree of penetration of the monetary economy. In other words, “high price, low price” was a normalized value judgment. Of course, the Japanese had a monopoly on price determination, and the Ainu probably had an economic reality in which prices were determined at the “behest” of the Japanese. Although the Ainu probably controlled the production and distribution of salted salmon and other products, the distribution and pricing of the overwhelming majority of daily necessities were monopolized by the Japanese.
 Against this backdrop, the coexisting power structure of the Twelve Provinces of Southern Hokkaido was reorganized through the “Battle of Koshamain,” which solidified the Matsumae Domain in the southern region of Hokkaido, and the political power structure of the island emerged until the early modern period.

 
 
 

【7-800年前の函館・志苔館に威信建築「四面庇」か?】




 さてGW中なのであちこちの出没記事が入ってしまうので、テーマ記事も休み休みになっていますが、ふたたび道南・函館市内の「志苔館」について。
 わたしとしては南北朝の争乱の結果、この函館の海岸段丘高台にいわば「亡命陣地」的に居館を築いた武家・小林氏のひとびとのありように興味を惹かれる。痕跡として残っているのは居館周囲の環状の溝・堀や自然を活かした「城郭」地形。そして掘立柱建物の痕跡。
 なかでも現地に建てられている「遺構表示」の案内文に強く反応したのです。以下その概要。
 〜発掘調査により「志苔館」が築かれた当時の遺構を表示。西側から中央部分に掛けては長軸20m、短軸11mの掘立柱建物<桁行7間、梁間5間で「四面に庇を持つ」柱間寸法は7尺以上。>が2棟並び、周囲には作が設置されている。〜と。
 そうなのです、「四面庇」建築の遺構ということなのです。床面積としては220平米(66.7坪)にもなる大型建築。一般住宅は多くは竪穴だった時代なのにこういった威信建築が突然出現する。
 写真の最後に参考として、飛鳥の地に建てられていたとされる天武帝の祭殿建築と想定された「エビノコ宮」の模型(橿原市にある橿原考古博物館で展示されている)を提示してみたのですが、要するに「四面庇」建築というのは、伝統的に東アジア世界共通の「威信材建築」の祖型モデルであること。
 たしかにいちばん上の図面からは四周を庇穴でぐるっと回された痕跡が確認できる。
 遺跡全体の中でこの建築遺構はほぼ中心的な立地条件に該当していて、周囲にはそれを防御するような柵も確認されている。
 こういう遺跡の状況を踏まえれば、この館主一統にとってこれらの建物は「威信建築」としての機能を持たせたというように想像することが可能だろう。
 津軽海峡をはるばると渡海してきた「敗残」の一統の根拠施設として、それも「動員兵力300〜のちのコシャマインの乱での動因兵力」の勢力として、このような中核施設建築を持つ動機があったのかと、いろいろと想像力を刺激されてならない。
 ひとつの想定としては、たしかに南北朝動乱での敗亡勢力だったとは言え、その後、この地域の主要産業要素である「コンブ漁利権」を一手に掌握して、その経済力で勢力を立ち直らせていったのかと。
 蝦夷地の主要な交易産品はコンブと鮭だったのだろうけれど、この小林氏一統の進出前はその産品をまとめて交易主体として活動する存在が明瞭ではなかったのではないだろうか。北国富山や石川県地域の「北前交易」主体側にしてみると、その交易相手が一本化して日本社会のニーズと合致した経済努力を行うことは、交易の発展に強く益したのだと思われる。
 武家としてと言うよりも、より経済面の中核性の高い存在として、その権力中心としての威信建築が海岸段丘上に「目印」として出現したようにも思える。建築の背景事情としてこうした想像が湧いてくる。しかし、あくまでも図面資料とその説明文からのわたしの想像ではあるが。

English version⬇

The prestige building “four-sided eaves” in Shinoridate, Hakodate, 7-800 years ago?
The “four-sided eaves,” a prestige building from the earliest days of Japan, has a certain symbolism. Could it have existed in the southern tip of Hokkaido Island in the 1400s? …

Since I have been on the road a lot during GW (Golden Week), I have been taking a break from writing about Shikokan in Hakodate City, southern Hokkaido.
 I am interested in the way the Kobayashi clan, a warrior family, built their residence on the coastal terrace of Hakodate as an “exile camp,” so to speak, as a result of the conflicts between the Nanboku and Nanboku dynasties. Traces remain of the castle-like topography that made use of the circular ditches and moats around the residence and the natural surroundings. There are also traces of hottate-bashira (dugout pillar) buildings.
 I was particularly interested in the “Remains” signposts that were erected at the site. The following is a summary.
 〜The remains of the Shikokukan, which were excavated and surveyed at the time of its construction, are shown. From the west to the center of the building, there are two hottate-bashira (hottate-bashira) buildings with a long axis of 20m and a short axis of 11m (giridan: 7 ken, beam: 5 ken with eaves on all four sides, inter-pillar dimensions: over 7 shaku). >The building is flanked by two buildings and is surrounded by a work of art. 〜The building is 7 ken (7 ken) long and 5 beam spans.
 Yes, it is the remains of a “four-sided eaves” building. It is a large building with a floor area of 220 square meters (66.7 tsubo). This kind of prestige architecture suddenly appeared in an era when most ordinary houses were pit houses.
 At the end of the photo, I presented a model of the “Ebinoko Palace” (on display at the Archaeological Museum of Kashihara in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture), which was supposed to be a ritual building of the Emperor Temmu, built in Asuka, as a reference. The top drawing shows a four-sided eave.
 Indeed, the top drawing shows traces of the eaves being turned around with eaves holes around the four perimeters.
 This building is located in the center of the entire site, and fences have been found around it to protect it.
 Given the situation of the site, it is possible to imagine that these buildings functioned as a “prestige building” for the family that owned the house.
 It is not difficult to imagine that the Tate family had a motive to have such a core building as a base facility for the “remnants” of the defeated line that had crossed the Tsugaru Straits all the way to Japan, and as a force of “300 mobilized soldiers” that would later be a factor in the Koshamain Rebellion.
 One can only assume that, although they were a defeated force in the Nanbokucho Rebellion, they later took control of the “kelp fishing interests,” a major industrial element in the region, and used their economic power to revive their power.
 Kelp and salmon may have been the main trade products of the Ezo region, but before the Kobayashi clan entered the region, there may not have been a clear presence to organize and act as a trading entity for these products. From the point of view of the “Kitamae trading” entities in the Toyama and Ishikawa areas of northern Japan, it would have been strongly beneficial to the development of trade to have a single trading partner and to make economic efforts that met the needs of Japanese society.
 It seems that the prestige architecture as a center of power appeared on the coastal terrace as a “landmark,” not so much as a warrior family, but as a more economically centralized entity. This is the background of the architecture. However, this is only my imagination based on the drawing data and its description.
 

【GW初日で静内二十間道路・サクラ満開】



 きのうからGW本番。
 北海道もほとんど初夏という気温に恵まれ、天気も好天ということで、絶好。
 わが家はサクラお花見は、函館・道南とこの日高地方の「静内二十間道路」の2択でして、札幌っこなのに、遠征弾丸を常としてきています。
 情報を確認して「満開」ということで、やや半信半疑ながら現地に行って驚き。
 例年であれば、こちらは5月の中旬ころが「見頃」なので、2週間程度は早い。しかし写真のようにまさに満開でありました。たくさんの人出があって、子どもさん連れのみなさんとも笑顔で交流させていただき、なかにはニッコリかわいらしい笑顔を見せてくれる子どもさんもいて、まことに目も心も生き返るような「癒し」をいただいてきました。感謝感謝。
 往復で300kmを超える「弾丸」ぶりでしたが、日高地方の温泉で約時間ほど湯にも浸かってリフレッシュ。その後、帰札後もあちこちと3軒以上買い物行脚していて、夕方には家族が来たりしていたので、さすがに体力の限界か、という感じ。
 その甲斐あって、夕方7時くらいから、けさ5時まで合計9時間弱の睡眠。
 途中、背中にコリも感じて湿布を貼ってもらい、かつ3回ほど小用はありましたが、ほぼ熟睡することができました。わたし的にはこちらの熟睡ぶりの方がウレシイ。
 もちろん3回程度目が覚めたので、その都度、若干「寝落ち」には数分程度かかるのですが、そういうときに「絶対寝落ちできる」のが数分の読書。Kindleのページで1−2ページでカンタンに寝落ちできるのであります。ほとんど「睡眠薬」としての効能。
 こういった行為と体力の対話状況というのが、加齢と健康のバロメーターなのでしょう。今のところ、このように長時間睡眠を得られるというのは、健康正常なカラダからのフィードバックなのだと感じています。
 ただ、この温泉施設に「忘れ物」をしていたことが判明し、そちらに確認したところ預かっていていただけるということなので、距離は6−7割程度のようですが、ふたたび弾丸ツアー予定(笑)。本日はカミさんにも過重的に運転してもらって、負担を軽減したい。
 体力の方はなんとか加齢による影響を抑えられていると思いますが、こういう「もの忘れ」はアタマのなかの「加齢症状」なのかも知れませんね(泣)。う〜む。

English version⬇

The cherry blossoms are in full bloom on the Shizunai-Nijumen Road on the first day of GW.
Bullet tour of more than 300 km round trip & shopping trip here and there. After that, I checked my stamina by sleeping soundly for about 9 hours. However, a “forgotten thing” incident broke out. …….

GW started yesterday.
 Hokkaido was blessed with almost early summer temperatures and fine weather, perfect for cherry blossom viewing.
 We have two choices for cherry blossom viewing: Hakodate/Donan and the “Shizunai-Nijuma Road” in the Hidaka region.
 I was somewhat skeptical when I went to the site and was surprised to find that the cherry trees were in full bloom.
 Usually, the “best time to see the flowers” here is around the middle of May, which is about two weeks earlier than usual. However, as you can see in the photo, it was exactly in full bloom. There were many people there, and I was able to interact with many people with children with smiles on their faces, and some of the children showed me their cute smiles. I am very grateful to them.
 Although the round trip was more than 300 km, we refreshed ourselves by soaking in hot spring water in the Hidaka region for about an hour. After returning home, I went shopping at least three stores here and there, and had family members over in the evening, so I felt as if I had reached my physical limit.
 Thanks to this, I slept for a total of less than 9 hours from around 7:00 pm until 5:00 am this morning.
 I felt some stiffness in my back, so I had to have a compress put on my back, and I had three small errands, but I was able to get a good night’s sleep. I was more pleased with my sound sleep.
 Of course, I woke up three times, so it took me a few minutes to “fall asleep” each time, but I could “definitely fall asleep” after a few minutes of reading. It’s almost like a “sleeping pill.
 This kind of interaction between action and physical fitness is probably a barometer of aging and health. At the moment, I feel that the fact that I am able to sleep for such a long time is feedback from a healthy and normal body.
 However, I found out that I had left something behind at the spa facility, and they said they would take care of it for me, so it looks like the distance is about 60-70%, but I am planning to go on a bullet tour again (laughs). Today, I would like to reduce the burden on Kami by having her drive the car in an overweight way.
 I think my physical strength has managed to suppress the effects of aging, but this kind of “forgetfulness” may be a “symptom of aging” in my mind (crying). Hmmm.

【南北朝・室町期の函館「志苔館」コンブ経済】




 きのうなにげに函館市内に残る中世城郭「志苔館」遺跡参観の記事を書いたら、けっこうな反響があって驚いています。建築と関連しての歴史探訪、そこそこ多くのみなさんの関心を惹くのだなぁとあらためて気付かされた次第。「道南十二館」についてもっと書けという叱咤激励もいただきましたが、わたしのライフワークがいま佳境に入りつつあって、その上、また上乗せで北海道島の明治以前に突っ込んでいく体勢はちょっと難しい。
 それなりに記事構成したいと思いますので、ご容赦を。
 あ、ライフワークの方は進展がありましたらまたご案内・報告させていただきます。それと、NHK「デビュー」についても多くの反響をいただき、別件で連絡した方からもいきなり「見たよ」みたいな反応をいただきました(笑)。なんと旧知の建築研究者の方からはNHK北海道のWEB版で別の動画もアップされているとお知らせいただきました。せっかくですのでURLを案内します。
<函館でのNHK出演。これですね。WEBニュースにも載っていました。
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240424/k10014431761000.html >
 
 おっと、お知らせなどを書いていたらそれだけでけっこうな字数。
 テーマの「志苔館」遺跡ですが、函館市の発掘調査記録や、民間の篤志のみなさんの「深掘り」記録がどんどん出てきます。どうもこの「志苔館」の館主である小林氏は、南北朝動乱期にこの地に逃れてきた武家一族ということは既報ですが、たぶんその年代は1300年代の末頃。
 で、函館市の発掘調査による居館建築の柱穴痕跡も、年代的に合致するようです。2枚目と3枚目の図版でおわかりのように1300年代末から1400年代後半、約100年間ほどの「建築の痕跡」が解明されている。
 〜出典/函館市HP https://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2018032900043/
<三木がデータを編集加工しました。>〜
 明治期まで北海道島の本格的活用、国土化は十分に進展しなかったし、とくに日本人の基盤である農業振興、農地開発、さらには寒冷地適合の品種改良での米作の進展などは行われなかった。そういう意味では本格的な「歴史」とは言い切れないけれど、日本社会・アイヌ社会との「交易」は歴史年代を通じてかなり古く、それこそ阿倍比羅夫の「後方羊蹄〜シリベシ」政庁記録くらいまで遡れる。基本は交易が支えていた。
 で、この南朝方の武家・小林氏はこの地で産する「コンブ」を主要な交易利権として生き延び続けていたことが推測できる。〜南北朝時代末期から室町時代前期の成立とされる『庭訓往来(ていきんおうらい)』には全国の名産品が紹介され、このなかに蝦夷地の宇賀の昆布と夷の鮭が掲載されている。宇賀の昆布は津軽海峡に面した志濃里(志海苔・志苔)およびその周辺で生産された昆布を指すもので、この昆布だけが真昆布といわれた。室町時代には多くの北陸の商船が宇賀昆布の取引のために訪れており、日本海を交易ルートとして若狭国小浜に搬ばれて加工され、若狭昆布として京都・大阪方面に流通している。この蝦夷地の特産品の出荷拠点が志濃里(志苔)であった。志苔館はこれら宇賀昆布の交易の主体と推測可能。
 こういう経済基盤があれば、交易立国は可能だっただろう。武家としてその後の戦乱期にこの館の動員兵力は300人だったとされ、コシャマインの戦いでは総数1万と言われたアイヌ軍に陥落させられている。やはり交易利権だけでは人口増加は難しかったのだろう。
 <この項、もうちょっと続きます>

English version⬇

Hakodate “Shikokukan” Kelp Economy in the Nanbokucho and Muromachi Periods
A report on the response to my recent blog postings, and a search for the basis for the establishment of Shikokukan. I dig deeper to find out if it was a “kelp” concession. …

Yesterday I casually wrote an article about my visit to the ruins of Shikokukan, a medieval castle in Hakodate City, and was surprised by the response I received. I was surprised by the response to my article about visiting the ruins of “Shikokan,” a medieval castle in Hakodate. I received a pep talk from a friend who urged me to write more about “Donan Jyunikan,” but my life’s work is now entering its climax, and it is a bit difficult to go into the pre-Meiji period of Hokkaido Island on top of my life’s work.
 I will try to compose my articles accordingly, so please forgive me.
 I will keep you posted on the progress of my life’s work. Also, I received a lot of feedback about NHK’s “Debut,” and even a person I contacted about a different matter suddenly responded, “I saw it” (laughs). One of our old acquaintances, an architecture researcher, informed us that another video was also uploaded on NHK Hokkaido’s website. Since I am here, I will show you the URL.
~
 The full-scale utilization and nationalization of Hokkaido Island did not fully develop until the Meiji period (1868-1912), and in particular, the promotion of agriculture, farmland development, and the development of rice cultivation with improved varieties adapted to cold regions, which are the foundation of the Japanese people, did not take place. In this sense, it cannot be said to be a full-fledged “history,” but “trade” between Japanese and Ainu society is quite old throughout history, dating back as far as Abenohirau’s “Backward Essentials – Siribeshi” government records. Basically, trade supported them.
 The Kobayashi clan, a warrior family of the Nanbokucho period, had been surviving on the kelp produced in the area as their main trading interest. 〜The “Teikin Ourai,” a book that is said to have been written between the end of the Nanbokucho period and the beginning of the Muromachi period (1336-1573), introduces famous products from all over Japan, and among them are kelp from Uga in the Ezo region and salmon from the barbarian region. Uga kelp refers to kelp produced in and around Shinosato (Shikori or Shiko), which faces the Tsugaru Straits, and only this kelp was considered to be true kelp. During the Muromachi period (1333-1573), many merchant ships from the Hokuriku region came to trade in Uga kelp, which was brought to Obama in Wakasa Province via the Sea of Japan trade route, processed, and distributed as Wakasa kelp in the Kyoto and Osaka areas. Shikori (Shikoke) was the shipping center for this specialty of the Ezo region. It can be assumed that Shikokan was the main trading center for these Uga kelp products.
 With such an economic base, it would have been possible to establish a trading nation. As a warrior family, the Shikokan is said to have mobilized a force of 300 men during the period of warfare that followed, and at the Battle of Koshamain, it was defeated by an Ainu army said to number 10,000 men. It was probably difficult to increase the population with trading interests alone.
 <This section will continue in a little more detail.