さて木地師の家、最終回であります。
山中に分け入って椀や鉢類を轆轤（ろくろ）を使って造る職人の集落。
急峻な標高1000ｍ程の急勾配山間部にあったものを移築しており、
この四国村でも傾斜地に石垣を積んで移築前の状態を復元している。
移築前は崖を切り開いた東西に細長い南斜面敷地に建っていたという。
間取りなどからはこの地域の住宅の特徴が表れている。
地域の大工が請け負って建てられた様子がわかる。
寄棟屋根茅葺。大きさは桁行14.0m奥行7.9mの平面に棟高は7.95m。
東側面に杉皮葺の便所・物置。主屋は間口7間（12.7m）奥行4間（7.3m）。
間取りは西方1間半が土間、次の2間が「ナイショ」次の3間が「オモテ」。
東の下屋を押入れ、オモテ後方の下屋に仏壇や押入れの二間取り民家。
前面に土庇がつき東側の下屋は杉皮葺。国の重要文化財指定。
既述の祖谷の平家落人の家と似た秘境に建つ民家で原始的な面を強く残し、
特に居住空間の上に渡された巨木による牛梁は強烈な印象を与える。

いま保存されているこの家は江戸後期の建物ということですが、
かれら木地師の発祥地は近江の永源寺町という説がある。
椀や木鉢類の良質な原料木材を求めはるかな徳島の山奥に移住した。
一番上の写真は土間の様子だけれど、
右側の床下空間には、いも・こんにゃく玉などの保存食物を貯蔵する穴が
合計５つ掘られているのだという。カマドでは紙生産も行われた。

仏壇の前の床は小さく開くように作られ家人が死んだとき、
ヤカンの水をそこから床下に流し魂が家の中に留まることを願ったという。
現代の墓では遺骨を墓石の下側の扉からなかに埋葬するけれど、
やや似たような風習があったとされる。
民俗の一側面だろうけれど人間と生き方・住居の深い関係を感じさせる。
人間の尊厳、魂魄の痕跡が、はるかに感じられ伝わる。

いま現代ウクライナ・首都キエフでは
地上の戦火を避け多くの人々が地下壕や地下鉄の内部空間に避難する映像。
愚かな隣国の権力者が暴力で人々を屈服させる侵略行為が平然と行われ
それが同時進行で多くの報道によって全世界に知らされている。
核兵器で脅し、永遠に「戦勝国」であることを喚き続ける狂人。
「国連常任理事国」強権国家が無軌道をほしいままにし続ける理不尽。
その蛮行を行っている国と隣国である現実をわきまえなければならない。
生き延びていくために誇りを持って自衛できるようにしたい。
わたしたちは今はウクライナの人々のために祈るしかできないけれど、
この残虐極まりない蛮行には、かならずその報いがあると信じたい。

English version⬇

[House that survived from Omi to Tokushima as a Kijiya ③ Shikoku living space exploration-15]
By the way, this is the final episode of Kijiya’s house.
A village of craftsmen who divide into the mountains and make bowls and pots using a potter’s wheel.
The one that was in the steep mountainous area with a steep altitude of about 1000m has been relocated.
Even in this Shikoku village, stone walls are piled up on slopes to restore the state before the relocation.
Before the relocation, it was built on a long and narrow south slope site in the east and west of the cliff.
The layout shows the characteristics of the houses in this area.
You can see how the local carpenter was contracted to build it.
Hip roof thatched roof. The size is 14.0m in girder and 7.9m in depth, and the height of the building is 7.95m.
There is a Sugi bark-roofed toilet and storeroom on the east side. The main building has a frontage of 7 (about 12.7m) and a depth of 4 (about 7.3m).
The floor plan is 1 and a half to the west, the next 2 is “Naisho”, and the next 3 is “Front”.
Push in the eastern lower house, and put a Buddhist altar and closet in the lower house behind the front. A private house with two floor plans.
There is a clay eaves on the front and the lower house on the east side is a thatched roof. Designated as a national important cultural property.
It is a private house built in an unexplored region similar to the Iya Heike Ochijin’s house introduced earlier, leaving a strong primitive aspect.
In particular, the cow beam made by the giant tree passed over the living space gives a strong impression.

This house that is being preserved now is a building from the late Edo period,
There is a theory that the birthplace of these Kijishi is Eigenji Town in Omi.
In search of high-quality raw wood for bowls and wooden pots, he moved to the far mountains of Tokushima.
The top photo shows the dirt floor,
In the underfloor space on the right side, there is a large hole for storing preserved food such as potatoes and konjac balls.
It is said that a total of five have been dug. I wonder if paper production was also done in Kamado.

The floor in front of the Buddhist altar was made to open small, and when the family died,
He said he hoped that the kettle’s water would flow under the floor from there and the soul would stay in the house.
In modern tombs, the remains are buried inside the door under the tombstone,
It is said that there was a slightly similar custom.
It may be one aspect of folklore, but it makes us feel the deep relationship between human beings and their way of life and housing.
The dignity of human beings, or the traces of souls, can be felt and transmitted far.

Now in modern Ukraine, the capital Kiev
Images of many people evacuating to underground pits and the interior space of the subway are shown to avoid the war on the ground.
Invasion by violent succumbing to people by stupid neighbors
It is being informed all over the world by many reports at the same time.
A madman who threatens with nuclear weapons and continues to call out to be a “victorious country” forever.
It is unreasonable for a powerful nation to continue to want a trackless state.
We must understand the reality of the country that is doing the barbarism and the neighboring country.
I want to be proud of myself so that I can survive.
We can now only pray for the lives of far away people,
I want to believe that this cruel brutality always has its reward.

Posted on 2月 26th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 住宅マーケティング, 日本社会・文化研究