国立歴史民俗博物館の展示再構成に目を見張らされてのブログシリーズですが、
古代史探究の最大のナゾ、魏志倭人伝についてはごく控えめ。
というか、動画的なスライド映像で写真のような紹介。
考古的な実証資料がないポイントなので、扱いようがなかったのでしょう。
わたしもそういった姿勢には同感できます。
むしろ奈良平野地域に王権が成立していった「過程」がどうだったのか、
こっちの方がはるかに実証的な痕跡が残っているのだと思います。

その上で推論を。魏志倭人伝の記述は『三国志』の一節で、
西晋の陳寿により西暦280年から297年に書かれたものというのが事実。
倭国についての訪問記録や口説などに基づいて記載されたとされている。
著者である陳寿が直接倭国を訪問したという事実はなさそうです。
なので、記載された内容の一々の証拠固めはされていないと考えるべき。
３世紀中期当時の日本の伝聞情報としてとらえるべきでしょう。
ひとつの理解コンパスとして、神武東征の年代を特定していくと
そこを起点として多くのことが推論可能かもしれない。
崇神天皇は10代天皇で奈良県の纏向に王宮を営んだことが確実視されている。
この崇神帝の在位推定年代（諸説あるけれど一説に西暦266-283年）が
この魏志倭人伝の記述対象年代に近似していると思われる。
当時の倭国について著者である陳寿が情報収集した年代にほぼ当たる。

纏向遺跡の所在地である現桜井市としては埋蔵文化財センターや、
「纏向学」研究センターなどを設置し「卑弥呼の里・国のはじまりの地」という
地域自治体を挙げての取り組み・研究を推進してきている。
わたしの過去ブログでも触れていまして、かねてから注目してきています。
３世紀の日本列島における中心的な祭政中心地があったとされている。
三輪山のふもとに位置して大神神社も市域。
一説で「卑弥呼の墳墓」といわれる最初期の前方後円墳「箸墓古墳」も近接。
想像イラスト（NHK番組での復元のようです）でわかるように
崇神帝が祭政の場としたと想像される建造物痕跡も発掘されている。
この建築群は居館というよりもアマテラス神と同居して
祭政一致の拠点としていた、とされているようです。
その後、崇神帝としては祭政の分離を意図し祭祀中心施設については後代、
伊勢に遷座させていったと言われている。

現地に行って見て、箸墓古墳・三輪山との地理的な連関性を考えると
この桜井市の取り組みには高い蓋然性があると思われるところ。
この時代以降、近隣の飛鳥に王宮が営まれ石舞台古墳などが多数造営される。
東アジア世界との外交的交流の推移なども考え合わせていくと
纏向が魏志倭人伝の伝える倭国の中心地域であった可能性が高いと思えます。
そう読み返してみると、魏志倭人伝がさらに身近に見えてくる・・・。

English version⬇

The Legend of Himiko, Wei-Shi-Wa-jin-Den: The 37,000-Year History of the Japanese Archipelago – 44
Approximation of the Mimukai site in Nara and the center of Japan in the Biographies of Wei and Himiko. Positive efforts in the local city of Sakurai. The probability seems high. …

This is a blog series in response to the National Museum of Japanese History’s eye-opening reorganization of its exhibits.
The biggest riddle in the exploration of ancient history, the biography of Wei Wei, is very modest.
Rather, it is introduced like a photograph with animated slide images.
I guess they had no way to deal with this point since there is no archaeological evidence for it.
I agree with such an attitude.
I would rather discuss the “process” of the establishment of kingship in the Nara Plain area.
I think there are much more empirical traces in this area.

I would like to make an inference based on this. The description of the Wei Shih Wahnamen is from a passage in the “Records of the Three Kingdoms”.
The fact is that it was written by Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty between 280 and 297 AD.
It is believed that the description was based on records of visits and oral accounts of the Japanese.
It does not seem to be true that the author, Chen Jue, visited Japan directly.
Therefore, it should be considered that the evidence for each and every one of the contents described has not been solidified.
It should be taken as hearsay information from Japan at the time of the mid-3rd century.
As one compass of understanding, if we identify the date of the Jinmu East Conquest
Many things may be deduced from that as a starting point.
It is certain that Emperor Sojin was the 10th emperor and built a royal palace in Mimamukai, Nara Prefecture.
The estimated date of reign of this Emperor Sojin (there are various theories, but one theory is that he reigned from 266 to 283 A.D.) is
The author of this book, “Wei-Shi-Wa-jin-Den,” is a Japanese writer who wrote about the Japanese nation at that time.
This is about the time when the author, Chen Shou, collected information on the Japanese state at that time.

The current city of Sakurai, the location of the Miamukai site, has established a center for buried cultural properties and a research center for “Miamukai studies.
The city of Sakurai, where the site is located, has established a Center for Buried Cultural Properties and a research center for “Miamukai Studies.
The city of Sakurai, where the site is located, has established a center for buried cultural properties and a research center for “MATSUMAKI studies,” and has been promoting local government-wide efforts and research to make the area “Himiko’s village, the place where the nation began.
I have mentioned this in my past blogs and have been paying attention to it for a long time.
It is said that there was a central ritual center in the Japanese archipelago in the 3rd century.
Located at the foot of Mt. Miwa, the city is also home to the Ogami Shrine.
Chopstick Tomb Tumulus, the earliest forward-rear circular tomb, which is said to be “Himiko’s Tomb,” is also located nearby.
As you can see in the illustration (which seems to be a reconstruction from an NHK program)
As you can see in the imaginary illustration (which seems to be a reconstruction of the NHK program), traces of buildings that are imagined to have been used by the Emperor Sojin as a place for rituals and administration have been excavated.
This group of buildings was not a residence, but rather a base of unity in ritual and political affairs, cohabiting with the deity Amaterasu, as shown in the illustration.
The buildings are thought to have served as a base for ritual and political affairs.
Later, the emperor Takashi intended to separate ritual and politics, and moved the central ritual facility to Ise in later periods.
The central ritual facility was moved to Ise in later generations with the intention of separating rituals and administration.

When I visited the site and considered the geographical linkage with the tomb mound of Chopstick Tomb and Mt.
Sakurai City, there seems to be a high probability for this approach.
After this period, a royal palace was built in the neighboring Asuka, and many kofun tumuli were constructed, including the Ishibutai kofun tumulus.
When the transition of diplomatic exchanges with the East Asian world is also taken into consideration, it is possible to conclude that
It is highly possible that Muko-Mukai was the central region of Japan as described in Wei-Shi-Wa-jin-den.
Reading it back that way, the Wei-Shi-Wa-jin-den becomes even more familiar to us…

Posted on 12月 15th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

九州北部は日本列島のなかでは大陸・半島の文化流入の入口。
とはいえ、列島社会全体からすれば西のはずれに属する。
水田農耕がどんどんと東進していくことでその「適地」で人口増加が起こり
列島社会の中では多様な地域社会が形成されていった。
日本海側地域というのはそのなかでも有力な地域だったことで、
独自の地方勢力が力を持った存在になっていった。
「特徴ある墳墓と王」という国立歴史民俗博物館パネル説明では以下の記述。
〜島根東部・鳥取西部を中心に四隅が張り出した形の墳墓が広がり
北陸にも及んだ。京都・兵庫北部では丘陵を利用した方形の墳墓を築造。
やがて共有の墓の中から大型の墳丘と特殊な副葬品をもつ有力者が登場する。〜
そして「日本海沿岸の青銅器」パネル説明は以下。
〜後期（1-2世紀）日本海地域に北部九州の銅矛や近畿地方の銅鐸のような
地域特有の青銅器は登場しない。集団を対象とした青銅器の祭祀・儀礼より
個人を対象とした墳墓の儀礼を発達させた。〜
そして「青銅記紀の終焉」では
〜中期出雲には青銅器を多量に埋納した荒神谷遺跡などがあり、独自の形をした
銅剣があった。１世紀を境にこの豊かな青銅器の世界は姿を消した。〜
やはり「出雲王権」の状況が見て取れるように思える。
日本海側を東進した人口増加がひとつの集団意思に統合されていた、
そういった仮説は十分に成立するように思われる。
それらの勢力が年に１月ほど神無月に出雲に集まって集会を開き、
独自の連合的「国家」を形作っていたものが出雲王権の実質と想像できる。


「価値を持つ西方由来の器物」では〜日本海側沿岸の有力者は東西交易に関わり
ガラス製品や鉄製刀剣などの貴重な財を入手した。いずれも北部九州に由来し
他地域では限られていた財。この時期の日本海沿岸の先進性がみてとれる。〜
さらに「鉄が創る新たな価値」では〜鉄製品はそのものが持つ価値だけではなく
価値を持つあらたな器物を生み出す道具。水晶の玉、木器、緑色凝灰岩の玉、
などは鉄が創り出したあらたな物質価値だった。〜

列島社会での人口増加に伴って各地域に有力者が生まれて
それらの間で交易・交流が広がることで次第に「統一王権」という志向が
当然のように沸き立っていったことが容易に想像できる。
神武の一統は九州北部から瀬戸内海地域を進み、
岡山の吉備地域の有力層と強い同盟もしくは連携を得て
勇躍、大阪湾・難波地域に上陸を図ろうとしたと考えられる。
そういう東征が成功を収めて畿内地域に王権が樹立されたことで
出雲は「国譲り」して従ったという流れが自然だと思われますね。
このことは列島の支配構造・祭祀構造として環日本海型から
大和中心の集権型が勝利したという史実を表現しているのでしょうか。

English version⬇

The Izumo Kingdom: The Sea of Japan in the 1st and 2nd Centuries, 37,000 Years of Japanese Archipelago History-42
The eastward expansion of rice cultivation and agriculture created large population centers in various regions, starting in northern Kyushu. The Izumo Royalty Union was established in these areas. The Izumo Royalty Union was established in these areas.

Northern Kyushu is the gateway to the influx of continental and peninsular cultures in the Japanese archipelago.
Nevertheless, it belongs to the western edge of the archipelago’s society as a whole.
As paddy field agriculture moved eastward, the population grew in the “suitable” areas, and diverse local communities were formed within the archipelago society.
This led to the formation of various regional societies in the archipelago.
The Sea of Japan region was one of the most influential regions in the archipelago.
The Sea of Japan region was one of the most powerful regions in the archipelago, and its own local power became a powerful entity.
The National Museum of Japanese History’s panel “Characteristic Tombs and Kings” explains the following
〜The tombs with overhanging four corners spread mainly in eastern Shimane and western Tottori.
They also extended to the Hokuriku region. In Kyoto and northern Hyogo, square tombs were built on hillsides.
Eventually, among the shared tombs, influential figures with large burial mounds and special burial accessories appeared. ~.
And the “Bronze Artifacts from the Sea of Japan Coast” panel description is below.
〜In the late 2nd century, no region-specific bronze artifacts such as bronze pikes from northern Kyushu and bronze bells from the Kinki region appeared in the Sea of Japan region.
Bronze artifacts unique to the region do not appear in the Sea of Japan region. Bronze rituals and ceremonies are more important than group rituals and ceremonies.
The development of individual tomb rituals was more important than group rituals. ~.
And in “The End of the Bronze Chronicle
〜In the mid-1st century, Izumo had a large number of bronze artifacts buried at the Aragamitani site, including a uniquely shaped bronze sword.
After the 1st century, this rich world of bronze disappeared. ~.
The situation of the “Izumo Kingdom” can still be seen.
The population growth that moved eastward along the Sea of Japan was consolidated into a single collective will.
Such a hypothesis seems to be quite plausible.
These forces gathered in Izumo about one month a year during the kaminashi month, held a meeting, and formed their own federated “nation”.
The Izumo Kingdom was in fact a unique federated “nation.

In the “valuable vessels of western origin,” the leading figures of the coastal areas along the Sea of Japan were involved in trade between the east and west, and obtained valuable goods such as glassware and iron swords.
obtained valuable goods such as glassware and iron swords. All of them originated from northern Kyushu.
goods that were limited in other regions. The advanced nature of the Japan Sea coast during this period can be seen. 〜The “Iron and Steel” section of this report is a good example of this.
Furthermore, in “New Value Created by Iron,” the author explains that iron products not only have value in their own right, but also
Iron products were not only valuable in their own right, but they were also tools for creating new vessels with value. Crystal balls, wooden vessels, green tuff balls
were new material values created by iron. 〜The first time iron was used in the world was in the 1930s.

As the population of the archipelago grew, powerful people emerged in each region.
As trade and exchange expanded among them, the desire for a “united kingdom” gradually
It is easy to imagine that the desire for a “unified kingship” gradually rose as a natural result of the expansion of trade and exchange among them.
The Jinmu line advanced from northern Kyushu to the Seto Inland Sea region.
The Jinmu line advanced from northern Kyushu to the Seto Inland Sea region, where they formed a strong alliance or partnership with the powerful people of the Kibi region in Okayama.
The Kamimu line is thought to have made a brave attempt to land in Osaka Bay and the Namba area.
With the success of such an expedition and the establishment of a royal authority in the Kinai region
It seems natural that Izumo “handed over the kingdom” and followed suit.
Does this represent the historical fact that the Yamato-centered centralization type prevailed over the Japan Sea Rim type as the ruling and ritual structure of the archipelago?
Does this represent the historical fact that the Yamato-centered centralized system triumphed over the Japan Sea Rim system as the ruling structure and ritual structure of the archipelago?

Posted on 12月 13th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

本日は連載一時休止で、久しぶりに世界の動き・時事ネタを。
先般来中国で「白紙革命」という事象が出現していた。
過剰な「ゼロコロナ」政策に対して若者たちを中心に「PCRはいらない」
「習近平やめろ」「共産党やめろ」という声が上げられた。
IT技術を悪用するにいいだけ悪用して
全人民監視国家を作り上げ、終身独裁体制を作ったと思われた途端、
独裁政権に無辜の人びとがきわめて素朴な「民主主義」的な声を上げた。
世界中がハラハラして、天安門以来の大弾圧、恐怖が再来かと
身構えて注視していたけれど、現在までの情勢では習近平側の政策後退が
次々と露わになってきている。
中国から日本に亡命している石平氏の最新12/10youtube動画によると
「◇習政権、「ダブル敗戦」の大打撃
◇止まらない経済沈没、苦しいときの「日本頼み」か 」という解説。
その報道によると、習近平は自らの独裁強化の政策手段として
悪用していた「ゼロコロナ」政策への民の批判の声に対して一気に腰砕け。
自ら過ちを認めることなく、直接の担当者「中国国家衛生健康委員会」からの
政策転換「新十条」発表で公然と逃げ出しはじめている状況が解説されていた。
１　PCR定期検査の廃止
２　48時間以内のPCR陰性証明提示義務の廃止
３　自治体間移動の際のPCR陰性証明提示義務の廃止
など、ほぼ全面的な「ゼロコロナ政策」破綻の自己暴露。
氏の背景解説によれば、未曾有の経済危機が中国に迫っていることが
この政策転換の背景にあって、いかにもシリに火が付いた状態とされていた。
中国の経済指標は次々と悪化の様相を呈してきているとのこと。
世界各国からの資本逃避の動きが加速してきて
これまで居丈高に「中国市場に参入させてやる」態度で接していたのが
掌返ししてきている様子も伝えられていた。
困ったときには日本を再び利用しようという魂胆丸見えの姿勢とか。

歴史的に中国で繰り返されてきた政治動乱が再びなのか。
いまのところ、氏の解説がこの事実報道の嚆矢のようなので、
言われていることが本当に事実であるのかどうか、
他の報道なども慎重に見極めていく必要があると思われる。
これが事実であれば、世界に与えていく影響は大きいだろう。
ゼロコロナなどという不合理な政策は世界全体から放逐されていく。
一方で衛生管理・医療資源の脆弱な中国では感染拡大が広がる可能性もあり
そのことが世界経済にも大きな後退要因になる。
経済圏としてのアジア地域経済にとっても不安定化要因。
それは日本を直撃してくる可能性が高い。
しばらくは、こういう推移を注視する必要がありますね。
＜写真は奈良県の高鴨神社で本文とは無関係＞

English version⬇

China’s “Zero Corona” Policy Totally Defeated?
The dictatorship quickly crumbled in response to the blank check revolution of “no PCR,” “stop Xi Jinping,” and “stop the Communist Party” and abandoned the zero corona? …

Today, we take a pause in our series of articles on world developments and current events.
Recently in China, a “blank slate revolution” has emerged.
In response to the excessive “zero-corona” policy, people, especially young people, have been saying “No more PCRs,” “Stop Xi Jinping,” and “Stop the Communist Party.
The “zero-corona” policy was met with cries of “No more PCR,” “Stop Xi Jinping,” and “Stop the Communist Party.
Abuse IT technology as much as you want to abuse it.
Once it was thought that he had created a state of total surveillance of the people and a dictatorship for life, the
Once the dictatorship was thought to have been created, innocent people raised very simple “democratic” voices against the dictatorship.
The world was on edge, bracing itself for a return of the great repression and terror
But the situation to date has revealed a series of policy setbacks on the part of Xi Jinping.
However, the situation to date has revealed one policy setback after another on the part of Xi Jinping.
According to the latest youtube video on 12/10 by Mr. Shi Ping, who has been living in exile in Japan from China
The Xi administration has suffered a double defeat.
The video also explains that Xi Jinping’s administration has been suffering from a “double defeat,” and that he is “relying on Japan” in times of hardship.
According to the report, Xi Jinping has been using the “zero-corner” policy, which he has been abusing as a means of strengthening his dictatorship, as a policy measure.
The report states that Xi Jinping has been buckling under the criticism of the people for his “Zero Corona” policy, which he has been abusing as a means to strengthen his dictatorship.
Without admitting his own mistakes, Xi Jinping announced the “New Ten Articles,” a change in policy, from the “National Health and Medical Commission of China,” which is directly in charge of the policy.
The situation was explained as follows
1 Abolition of periodic PCR testing
2 Abolition of the obligation to present PCR negative proof within 48 hours
3 Abolition of the obligation to present PCR-negative proof when moving between municipalities
and so on, almost a total self-exposure of the collapse of the “zero-corona policy”.
According to his background explanation, the unprecedented economic crisis looming in China
The background of this policy shift was considered to be the state of fire in Siri.
China’s economic indicators have been deteriorating one after another, he said.
The flight of capital from countries around the world is accelerating.
The Chinese government, which had been taking a stout stance to “let them enter the Chinese market,” is now turning its back on them.
But it was also reported that they are now turning their back on the Chinese market.
They are now taking a “let them enter the Chinese market” attitude, but they are now turning their back on Japan when they are in trouble.

Is this the same political upheaval that has historically repeated itself in China?
So far, his commentary seems to be the pioneer of this factual reporting, so I wonder if what is being said is really true.
I will carefully watch other reports to see if what is being said is really true or not.
We will have to carefully examine other news reports to see if what is being said is really true.
If this is true, it will have a great impact on the world.
Irrational policies such as zero coronas will be thrown out of the entire world.
On the other hand, there is a possibility that the spread of infection will spread in China, where sanitation and medical resources are fragile, and this will be a major setback to the global economy.
This would also be a major setback for the global economy.
It is also a destabilizing factor for the economies of the Asian region as an economic zone.
It is highly likely that it will hit Japan directly.
We need to watch these developments closely for a while.

Posted on 12月 11th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 状況・政治への発言 | No Comments »

邪馬台国論争、日本王権の古代史ではさまざまな研究がされているけれど、
いまだに「通説」と言われる決定打は出てこない。
とくに古事記・日本書紀の記述で歴代天皇の在位年が人間の体力常識を越えて
異常な高齢生存と記述されているので「神話」とされてきたことが
大きな要素になっているのだと思います。実はこの点について最近、
皇學館大学名誉教授の岡田登氏の解説に感銘を受けました。
歴史作家で直木賞作家の安部龍太郎氏は好きな作家なのですが、
かれが２年前に小学館から出版した「日本はこうしてつくられた:
大和を都に選んだ古代王権の謎」という本の中でこの岡田氏の説が紹介されていた。
〜９代までの天皇の在位年の異常な長さの原因は国家創成期の対外関係、
日本国家を認定させるための唐王朝との外交折衝の結果だという。
唐側には皇帝は「辛酉」の年に天命を受けて国家を創設する思想があって
それに合わせるには、本来１世紀はじめ頃と推認される初代神武天皇が
その思想に合致させるために紀元前660年に即位したことになった。〜
※辛酉というのは西暦年を60で割って1が余る年。革命要素があるとされる。

第10代の崇神天皇について考古的に「纏向遷都」が事実とされてきている。
以降の天皇の在位記録については合理性があるとされているので、
この説に強く惹かれた次第です。
結果、神武東征は１世紀初頭という説が常識的な判断となる。
そしてもうひとつ、日本の国家創生には東アジア、とくに中国王権との
強い緊張関係が非常に重要な要素だったというポイント。
われわれ現代人は、国家は当然の存在という常識バイアスが強いけれど、
言うまでもなく創成期にはそういうバイアスはない。
もっと直接的な「脅威」が存在していたという方が必然性が高い。
国立歴史民俗博物館での展示では、こういう事情を背景説明するように
この時期の中国王権・漢の社会について確証に基づいた解説。
わが国の寺院建築などでよくみられる「四神」イデオロギーが一般化している。
そして「漢字」という文字の体系によって政府の記録が保存され
その文書として「木簡」形式とそれを緊結させる製本方法までが誕生している。
秦の時代からの社会の全把握システムが成熟をみせてきている。
鉄という経済推進力、政治システムの発展進化。
軍事的な脅威という以上に根底的な「危機意識」が日本の支配層に
急速に拡大していったことは体感的に理解できる。
その危機意識が神武という存在に凝集し「東征」を成功させたのではないか。
各地に生成されていた古代地域権力にとってもこの危機認識が共有されていた。
奈良盆地での日本国家生成のリアリティを強く感じる。

English version⬇

The State Society of the Han Dynasty in China in the 1st and 2nd Centuries. 37,000 Years of Japanese Archipelago History-39
The year of Jinmu’s accession to the throne was set in accordance with the idea that heavenly destiny would be revolutionized in the year of the rooster. Responded to the description with diplomatic pressure. Shared recognition of the necessity of a unified archipelago nation. ・・・・・・.

Although various studies have been conducted on the controversy of the “evil kingdom” and the ancient history of Japanese kingship, no definitive “common theory” has yet emerged.
However, there is still no definitive “common theory” that has emerged.
In particular, the reigning years of emperors in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki are described as abnormally old, beyond the common sense of human physical strength, so it has been described as a “myth.
The fact that the reigns of emperors in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki are considered “myths” is a major factor in this.
I think this is a major factor. In fact, I have recently read a book on this point by
I was impressed by the commentary of Noboru Okada, professor emeritus at Kōgakukan University, who is a history writer and Naoki Prize-winning author.
Ryutaro Abe, a Naoki Prize-winning historical writer, is one of my favorite authors.
He published a book titled “This is How Japan Was Created” two years ago from Shogakukan:
In his book “How Japan Was Created: The Mystery of the Ancient Kingship that Chose Yamato as Its Capital,” published by Shogakukan two years ago, Okada’s theory was introduced.
〜The reason for the unusual length of the reign of emperors from the first to the ninth emperor was foreign relations during the founding period of the nation, and
The reason for the unusual length of the reign of the first nine emperors was the result of diplomatic negotiations with the Tang Dynasty to have the Japanese nation recognized as a state.
The Tang Dynasty had the idea that an emperor was to receive a heavenly command and establish a state in the year of the “Xin-Yu” (the year of the rooster).
In order to conform to this, the first Emperor Jinmu, who is estimated to have been around the beginning of the 1st century, was appointed as the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
To match this idea, the first Emperor Jinmu, who is estimated to have ascended the throne in the early 1st century B.C., was supposed to have ascended the throne in 660 B.C. ~.
*Hin-Yu is the year in which the Western year is divided by 60 and one is left over. It is said to have revolutionary elements.

It has been archaeologically accepted as a fact that the 10th Emperor Sojin was the first to reign.
Since it is considered reasonable for the reign records of subsequent emperors
I was strongly attracted to this theory.
As a result, the theory that the Jinmu expedition took place in the early 1st century is a common-sense decision.
And one more thing, the strong tension with East Asia, especially with the Chinese royalty, was a very important element in the creation of the Japanese nation.
The other point is that strong tension with East Asia, especially with the Chinese royalty, was a very important factor in the creation of the Japanese state.
We modern people have a strong common sense bias that a nation is a natural entity, but it goes without saying that such a bias existed in the early days of the nation.
However, it goes without saying that we do not have such a bias in the early days of Japan.
It is more inevitable that a more direct “threat” existed.
In the exhibition at the National Museum of Japanese History, as if to explain the background of this situation
The exhibition at the National Museum of Japanese History provides an explanation of Chinese royalty and Han Chinese society during this period, based on evidence.
The “Four Gods” ideology, which is often seen in temple architecture in Japan, has become common.
The Chinese writing system of “Chinese characters” was used to keep government records.
The “wooden letter” format and the bookbinding method to bind them together were born as documents.
The entire system of grasping society that had existed since the Qin Dynasty had reached maturity.
The economic driving force of iron, and the development and evolution of the political system.
The rapid expansion of the Japanese ruling class’s sense of crisis, which was more fundamental than a military threat, was a result of the rapid expansion of their sense of understanding.
This sense of crisis was manifested in the existence of the Jinmu.
This sense of crisis may have coalesced in the presence of Jinmu, who successfully led the “Eastern Expedition” to Japan.
This sense of crisis was also shared by the ancient regional powers that had been established in various regions.
I strongly feel the reality of the formation of the Japanese nation in the Nara Basin.

Posted on 12月 9th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »

さて国立歴史民俗博物館の先史時代から国家創成期までの展示の
大更新に突き動かされ、それを学び日本史を再学習する意味のブログシリーズ、
「日本列島37,000年史」ですが、明日からは次の国家創成期に移りたい。
考古発見事実に基づいた歴史の再構築と思えて、突き動かされてきました。
そういう意味では以降は文献資料も多くなってくる時代なので
最大の興味分野になってくるでしょう。
・・・というところですが、先日北海道島の異質な状況についても触れた。
独自の文化スタイルを維持した様子は北海道人なので学習もしています。
いろいろな遺跡などにも足を運んでまざまざと実感がある。
一方で、沖縄についてはあんまり考古を知らない。
一応、那覇の博物館などは見学しているけれどあんまりピンとこなかった。
グスク時代（12-16世紀頃）以前の社会の実相はどうも不明。
沖縄では稲作の弥生時代はなくその時代は主に漁撈中心の生業が考えられている。
そのために貝塚時代後期、あるいは弥生・古墳並行時代と呼ばれる。
代表的な貝塚遺跡といわれる沖縄県うるま市「宇堅貝塚」ではゴホウラ製貝輪2点、
イモガイ製貝輪6点、方格規矩鏡破片3点などが出土。
ほかにガラス玉、板状鉄斧、砥石、弥生後期土器などが出土している。
しかし社会の実相研究が進んでいるとは言い切れない。国立歴史民俗博物館や、
沖縄県立博物館の研究成果などに今後期待していきたいところ。

で、国立歴史民俗博物館展示では上のようなイメージが創作されていた。
沖縄や奄美地域では珊瑚礁地形環境に適応した「貝塚文化」とまとめられている。
いかにも海人族的なライフスタイルと言えるでしょうか。
なので結果としては貝類などを採集して肉身を食したあと、
その貝殻を一定加工して本土に「交易品」として提供し、
対価としてコメや鉄器などの有用物資を獲得するライフスタイル。
環境要件は違いがあるけれど北海道の「続縄文」と似た生業なのでしょうか。
北海道では「農耕」は明治期まで本格的には開始しなかった。
その結果、政治権力のようなものも「部族」的な首長制がみられる程度。
それに対して沖縄ではグスク期が12-15世紀にははじまり、そこで
農耕が普遍化開始した途端にグスク（城郭）と政治・戦争、軍事が世を覆う。
やはり農耕が政治とか権力とかの基盤であることを端的に表している。

さて農耕は現代までの人口増加をもたらしたけれど、ネクスト社会は
この増加した人口を維持し続けていけるのかどうか。
農耕とは人類の巨視的な地球気候対応だとすれば、逆に農耕が成立しにくい環境が
今後生起する可能性もあるのだとも思う。
また世界はむしろ社会的原因で人口減少局面を迎えてきているとも思う。
「地球の意思」は人類をどうしようとしているのでしょうか？
・・・これで弥生の世は終了し、いよいよ日本国家創成期へ。

English version⬇

Okinawa’s Shell Mound Culture, Agriculture, and War Society 37,000 Years of Japanese History-37
Okinawa began agriculture around the 12th century. Okinawa began agriculture around the 12th century and entered the age of warring gusuku. Proof that agriculture was the foundation of politics, war, and power. …

Now, the National Museum of Japanese History and Folklore’s exhibition from the prehistoric age to the founding of the nation
I was motivated by the great renewal of the National Museum of Japanese History’s exhibition from the prehistoric age to the period of the nation’s founding.
Tomorrow, I would like to move on to the next topic, the period of the founding of the nation.
I have been motivated by the idea of reconstructing history based on archaeological findings.
In that sense, it’s a period that will have a lot of literary materials from then on.
This will be my greatest field of interest.
I mentioned the other day the heterogeneous situation of the island of Hokkaido.
I am also learning about how they maintained their own unique cultural style because I am a Hokkaido native.
I have visited various archaeological sites and have a vivid sense of it.
On the other hand, I do not know much about the archaeology of Okinawa.
I have visited a museum in Naha, but it didn’t really hit me.
The reality of the society before the Gusuku period (12th to 16th century) is still unclear.
In Okinawa, there was no Yayoi period when rice was cultivated, and the main occupation during that period is thought to have been fishing.
For this reason, it is called the late shell mound period or the parallel Yayoi and Kofun periods.
Uken Shell Mound in Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, which is said to be a representative shell mound site, has two gohora shell rings and six mussel shell rings.
At Uken Shell Mound in Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture, two gohora shell rings, six mussel shell rings, and three pieces of square rectangular mirrors have been excavated.
In addition, glass beads, plate iron axes, whetstones, and pottery from the late Yayoi period have also been excavated.
However, it cannot be said that research on the actual state of society has progressed. The National Museum of Japanese History and Folklore, the Okinawa Prefectural Museum, and other museums have conducted research on the actual state of society.
The National Museum of Japanese History and Okinawa Prefectural Museum’s research results will be expected in the future.

In the National Museum of Japanese History exhibition, the above image was created.
In the Okinawa and Amami areas, it is summarized as “shell mound culture” adapted to the coral reef topography environment.
How can we say that this is a very sea people lifestyle?
So, as a result, after gathering shellfish and other animals and eating their flesh.
After gathering shellfish and eating the meat, the shells were processed and offered to the mainland as “trade goods” in exchange for rice and ironware.
In exchange, they acquired useful commodities such as rice and ironware.
Although there are differences in environmental requirements, is this lifestyle similar to that of the “Sequel to Jomon” in Hokkaido?
In Hokkaido, “agriculture” did not begin in earnest until the Meiji period.
As a result, political power was limited to a “tribal” chief system.
In Okinawa, on the other hand, the Gusuku period began in the 12th-15th century, and it was there that agriculture began to become universal.
As soon as agriculture became universalized, gusuku (castles), politics, war, and military affairs dominated the world.
This is a clear indication that agriculture is the foundation of politics and power.

Agriculture has brought about population growth up to the present day, but the next society must be able to sustain this increase in population.
Can the next society sustain this increase in population?
If agriculture is mankind’s macroscopic response to the global climate, there is a possibility that an environment will arise in the future that will make it difficult for agriculture to be established.
If agriculture is a macroscopic response to the global climate, there is a possibility that an environment will arise in the future that will make it difficult for agriculture to take root.
I also believe that the world is entering a phase of population decline due to social causes.
What does the “will of the earth” have in store for mankind?
…With this, the Yayoi period has come to an end, and we are finally entering the period of the creation of the Japanese nation.

Posted on 12月 7th, 2022 by 三木 奎吾
Filed under: 日本社会・文化研究, 歴史探訪 | No Comments »