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\u304a\u77e5\u3089\u305b
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\n\u304a\u6c42\u3081\u306fAmazon\u3067\u3002
\nhttps:\/\/amzn.asia\/d\/eUiv9yO<\/a>
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

English version\u2b07<\/p>\n

\u3010Merchant Class Contributions to Edo Period Social Welfare \u201cGikura\u201d\u3011
\nHuman society evolves gradually. As darkness and light intertwine, each lineage continues to experience its own rise and fall. …<\/p>\n

\u3000We live within the social system of modern capitalism. And even considering the progression of human history, it seems a highly rational social system. Market economies and political democracy possess fundamental rationality.
\nThis system represents a history \u201cfought for\u201d by civil society in the West, and in Japan, it was established through the radical political, economic, and social revolution known as the Meiji Restoration. What now feels as natural as the air itself was not so during the Edo period.
\n\u3000In the late Edo period (1850s), samurai numbered about 1.9 million out of an estimated population of 32 million\u2014roughly 6%. The rest of the population was forced to pay various taxes and tributes to this \u201cnon-working\u201d class. In a low-productivity society, this was a shackle. These individuals held political and military decision-making power and dominated (or sought to dominate) the economic and social spheres. They lacked sound economic sense. Yet societal decision-making was their exclusive prerogative.
\nWithin this gap, society experienced profound suffering. When attempting to understand family history in plain terms, this \u201cdarkness\u201d inevitably looms large. Conversely, one comes to understand that such suffering likely arose from this very social backdrop. It is from this suffering that the driving force for societal progress emerges.
\n\u3000One such beacon of light within the Edo period’s social systems was the \u201cGikura\/Shakura\u201d (public granaries). This was a warehouse system for storing grain in preparation for famines and disasters. The governing body collected grain through donations from the wealthy and operated it as a mechanism to distribute grain to the destitute during emergencies.
\n\u3000The illustration shows the meeting hall architecture for this gokura system within the Fukuyama domain and a list of contributors to the shakura in the \u201cFuchu\u201d area. It’s fascinating to see the names of local merchants deeply rooted in this region and their grain contributions clearly listed (from the History of Fukuyama City). Among them is the name of the local merchant \u201cAga-ya,\u201d the house name used by my own family lineage.
\nThe total recorded is over 57 koku. The unit \u201ckoku\u201d fundamentally represents the total amount of rice consumed by one person in a year. Furthermore, the existence of this building (depicted in the Meiji period) and its operational activities, including transactions, are documented.
\nThe gokura stored rice, but during normal times outside of famines, this \u201ccapital\u201d was lent to the merchant class. The interest earned from these loans served as a significant source of income. It also functioned as a kind of \u201cbanking system.\u201d
\n\u3000This offers a glimpse into the multifaceted nature of my family’s merchant house during the Edo period. Investment in public granaries and shrine granaries proves that the merchant class, including my family, \u201cshouldered social responsibility and financial functions through economic power\u201d within the shadows of samurai society. However, these merchant families, who had cooperated with the public system, faced a harsh fate during the subsequent economic turmoil of the Bakumatsu period: \u201cThe silver they had stored in cooperation with the domain was exchanged for domain notes, and they lost everything when those notes collapsed.\u201d …<\/p>\n

Notice
\nMy book \u201cWriters and Living Spaces\u201d published as an e-book by Gentosha
\nAvailable on Amazon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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